psychology unit 3

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?

retina

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

It has a short wavelength and high frequency.

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?

Retinal disparity

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

Sensory adaptation

Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?

Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals.

Consider the relationship between various body parts and the size of their corresponding somatosensory cortex areas in the brain. How does a body part relate to the devoted cortical area?

The more sensitive the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex.

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

blind spot

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the

cochlea

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?

context affect

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive

depth

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

green

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of

figure ground

Visual acuity is best in the

fovea

The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its

frequency

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?

frequency and place

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

gate-control theory

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

linear perspective

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the

muscular tension that occurs when the eyes turn inward

Receptors for olfaction are located

nasal cavity

After staring at a green, black, and orange "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?

opponent- process theory

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires

selective attention

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective hearing

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

smell

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

the eardrum

When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place, the effect is referred to as

the phi phenomenon

Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?

transduction

The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to

transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?

vestibular