psychology unit 3
Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?
Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that
many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information
In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?
retina
In vision, transduction occurs within the
retina
Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT
spicy
The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?
Gestalt principles of closure and continuity
Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?
It has a short wavelength and high frequency.
Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?
Retinal disparity
Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?
Sensory adaptation
Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?
Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals.
Consider the relationship between various body parts and the size of their corresponding somatosensory cortex areas in the brain. How does a body part relate to the devoted cortical area?
The more sensitive the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex.
One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely
an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment
The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the
blind spot
The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
cochlea
People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
cones
When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?
context affect
Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive
depth
If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is
green
A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's
difference threshold
The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of
figure ground
Visual acuity is best in the
fovea
The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its
frequency
Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?
frequency and place
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
gate-control theory
Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?
linear perspective
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source
In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are
more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea
Convergence is a binocular depth cue that is based on the
muscular tension that occurs when the eyes turn inward
Receptors for olfaction are located
nasal cavity
After staring at a green, black, and orange "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
opponent- process theory
Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires
selective attention
An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective hearing
Balance is influenced by the
semicircular canals
As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of
size constancy
The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT
smell
Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?
the eardrum
When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place, the effect is referred to as
the phi phenomenon
Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?
transduction
The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to
transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses?
vestibular