PT Apps 2

76. A PT has been invited to be resource speaker during a workshop for budding athletes on plyometrics. Among the exercises below, what can be included? (JUNGIE -Sports) a. Running downhill b. Skip and hop in all directions c. Walking backwards d. Lateral movement to stabilize knee

B.

28. During an exercise session, the mother of a 15 year old patient was making inappropriate comments that upset the patient and made her lose her cool. The MOST appropriate action for the PT to take is a. Ask mother to wait at the reception area b. Give patient a 15-minute break c. Ask another PT to treat the patient d. Discontinue treatment

A.

33. A patient in the clinical suddenly had an episode of syncope. PT attempts to rule out orthostatic hypotension as the cause of fainting. The BEST way to do this is by a. Checking resting BP and HR in supine and sitting then repeating measurements after the patient stands for 1 minute b. Palpating the carotid arteries and taking HR using the supine position for BP measurement C. Checking HR and blood pressure in supine after 5 minute of rest and then repeating in a semi-Fowler position d. Checking HR and BP at rest and after 3 and 5 minutes of cycle ergometer exercise

A.

35. A PT is treating a 39 year old female diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome. During exercise, the patient begins to complain of light headedness and dizziness. PT immediately takes patient to a chair and monitors her vital signs. Her respiration rate is 11 breaths per minute, pulse rate 50 beats per minute and BP 120/85 mmHg. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? a. Pulse rate and respiration rate are below normal levels b. The patient's vital signs are within normal levels C. Pulse rate and BP are above normal levels d. BP and respiration rate are above normal levels

A.

6. The principle that states that there will only be an increase in muscle strength if adequate resistance is given is a. Overload b. McGill c. Davies d. Action-reaction

A.

71. A patient with left piriformis syndrome is referred to PT. Two years ago patient underwent a left total hip arthroplasty. Because of this, the modality which will require extra precaution when applied to the patient is a. Continuous ultrasound b. TENS C. Hot pack d. Massage to the left hip

A.

85. A PT is conducting a pre-operative training for a patient scheduled for repair of a large rotator cuff tear. Patient is a 56-year old bank executive and he wants to know how long before he can resume his former recreational activities such as golf and badminton. The MOST appropriate time frame is _weeks. a. 24-28 b. 6-8 C. 12-14 d. 36-40

A.

66. An infant who was thirty three weeks gestation age birth and is now 3 weeks of chronological age demonstrates colic would BEST respond to a. Neutral warmth b. Fast vestibular C. Visual stimulation with a colored object d. Vibration

A. Gestational age: age of fetus from the first day of last menstrual period; measured in weeks Normal gestational age: 37-42 weeks Conceptional age: age of fetus from the day of conception (union of sperm and egg) Normal conceptional age: 36-40 weeks *mas realistic yung gestational age kasi hindi naman malalaman ng babae na nagcombine na ang egg and sperm sa katawan niya Chances of getting pregnant in the menstrual cycle Developmental stages after conception: -Embryonic development -Fetal development -Labor Embryonic development Time period: 1st 8 weeks (2 months) Characteristics: -Brain and heart starts to develop -Ends after development of placenta; embryo is already called a fetus if (+) placenta -3rd to 8th week, most susceptible for teratogens (substances that may alter development of baby; also 3rd week magsimula ang neurulation) [2 for 2; 2 months ang embryonic development, tapos after 2 wks susceptible to teratogens] Fetal development Time period: After 8 weeks (2 months) Characteristics: -Established uteroplacental circulation -Ends at 37-42 weeks < 37 weeks: preterm baby 37-42 weeks: full term baby > 42 weeks: post term baby < 32 weeks: premature baby *Sabi ni Aly naprepredict nila yung kailan manganak ang mother based sa last menstrual period (LMP) tapos minus 3 months then add 7 days. Kunwari Feb 3 ang LMP -3 months= November 3 tapos add 7 days= November 10; Naegle's rule ang tawag sa formula 3 stages of labor: -Cervical changes -Fetal descend and expulsion -Placental expulsion and uterine involution (shrinking) Describe the cervical changes during labor: [ED] -Effacement: from a thickness 5 cm to as thin as paper (yung borders ng cervix, tapos kung thin na siya masyado mafeel na during I.E. yung head ng baby) -Dilation: from the diameter of a finger to 10 cm (yung external os) Enumerate the order

99. A PT teaches a patient in supine to posteriorly tilt pelvis. The patient has full active and passive range of motion in the upper extremity but cannot do full shoulder flexion while in posterior pelvic tilt position. What could be the BEST explanation for this? a. Latissimus dorsi tightness b. Capsular tightness c. Quadratus lumborum tightness d. Pectoralis minor tightness

A. Latissimus Dorsi O: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs, and inferior angle of the scapula I: Floor of bicipital groove of humerus N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) A: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm

77. All of the following apply to reaction of degeneration, EXCEPT: a. Stages of reaction of degeneration denote the etiology of the lesion b. It indicates an organic lesion c. Lesion is in the lower motor neuron d. Stages of reaction of degeneration denotes the severity of the lesion

A. Sunderland's classification of nn injury -First degree nn injury: focal nn conduction block without axonal damage [yung kapag super tagal ka naka-upo sa toilet] -Second degree nn injury: conduction failure d/t axonal damage/Wallerian degeneration; supporting structures are intact -Third degree nn injury: conduction failure d/t axonal damage/Wallerian degeneration and damage to endoneurium -Fourth degree nn injury: (+)Wallerian degeneration/axonal degeneration, and damage to endoneurium and perineurium -Fifth degree nn injury: (+) Wallerian degeneration/axonal damage, and damage to all the nn supporting strx Seddon's classification of nn injury and MOI: [Seddon's NANi] -Neuropraxia: 1st degree, nerve compression injury; full recovery is possible within weeks-months (good prognosis) -Axonotmesis: "mesis" means to separate; 2nd degree, nerve crush injury; axonal regeneration (1-2 mm/day (wks-months), good prognosis) -Neurotmesis: equivalent to 3rd-5th degree; nerve traction injury; incomplete recovery (poor prognosis)

65. Ultrasound vibrations propagated through the housing of the applicator into the hand of the PT are called a. Parasitic vibrations b. Oscillating conversion C. Ultrasonic conversion d. Bactericidal vibrations

A. Aching pain: d/t increased intensity Burning pain: d/t not enough coupling medium Electric pain: d/t defective machine

24. The PT manager of a big rehabilitation center is insistent about conducting a bimonthly meeting to solve the problem of declining productivity. In the meantime, he turns his back on the increased load placed on the already overworked staff. Based on the managerial grid, the BEST classification of this manager is a. 9.1 b. 9.9 c. 1.9 d. 5.5

A. Blake-Mouton grid: [from left to right AI (accommodating and indifferent) ng SD (sound and dictorial)] 1, 1 (Indifferent management): leader is evasive, or elusive, or just simply does not care about work 1, 9 (accommodating management): there is too much for care for workers even without productivity; yield and comply 9, 1 (Mcgregor's theory X/dictatorial management): control and dominate 9, 9 (Mcgregor's theory Y/sound leadership): commit and contribute; not necessarily a good thing because realistically speaking cannot be maintained for a long time 5, 5 (status quo management): balanced, compromise

42. In behavior therapy, this is a process where learning occurs when an individual engages in specific behaviors in order to receive certain consequences. Examples of this include positive reinforcement, extinction and punishment. a. Operant conditioning b. Role playing C. Flooding d. Modeling

A. C. flooding: exposing pt to traumatic experience para mabalik kanyang repressed memories D. modeling: learning through observing

84. A 50-year old golfer complains of pain on getting up that eases with ambulation. There's also pain when running and upon palpation of the distal end of calcaneus. Evaluation also reveals pes planus. PT suspects plantar fasciitis. Initial strategy would include: a. Use of night resting splint b. Strengthening of ankle dorsiflexors c. Modalities to reduce pain d. Use of customized orthosis

A. C. modalities to reduce pain: kung constant pain D. use of customized orthosis: kung chronic na

60. This is a test for a rotator cuff pathology or shoulder impingement where patient is positioned in sitting or standing. Then therapist flexes the patient's shoulder to 90 degrees and medially rotates the arm. A positive test is indicated by pain and may be indicative of shoulder impingement involving the supraspinatus tendon. a. Hawkin's Kennedy b. Supraspinatus c. Drop arm d. Neer

A. Hawkin's Kennedy test Sitting Forward flex the shoulder to 90 degrees followed by shoulder IR (+) pain Supraspinatus tendinitis/paratenonitis; secondary impingement Jobe's empty can/supraspinatus test Part 1: full can test Shoulder abd to 90 degrees, with thumb pointing up PT will resist shoulder abd (+) weakness, or pain Supraspinatus tear Part 2: empty can test; same action, response, and indication

11. A patient standing in a corner wall with arm bilaterally abducted and externally rotated against the wall is MOST LIKELY stretching the a. Clavicular portion of pectoralis major b. Clavicular portion of pectoralis minor C. Sternal portion of pectoralis major d. Sternal portion of pectoralis minor

A. Sternal portion of pecs major: arms raised ~45 degrees against the wall

90. A 29-year old male with a history of schizophrenia, disorganized type, is referred for ambulation after a femoral fracture. Patient recently had an exacerbation of the condition. PT will expect this behavior from patient a. Feelings of low self-esteem b. Poor ability to perform tasks that need abstract problem solving C. Sleep disturbance and flashbacks d. Increased fear of crowd

B. D. increased fear of crowd: agoraphobia

9. A PT treating a patient with lower extremity lymphedema with mechanical compression decides to shift to aquatic therapy. Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the water is expected to a. Lower effusion and assist venous return b. Increase resistance as speed of movement increases c. Provide joint unloading and enhance ease of active movement d. Raise cardiovascular demands at rest and with exercise

A. b. Increase resistance as speed of movement increases: hydromechanics c. Provide joint unloading and enhance ease of active movement: buoyancy d. Raise cardiovascular demands at rest and with exercise: specific heat Thermodynamics in aquatic therapy [maganda AF kung Aerobics: 26-28; Flexibility 26-35] Aerobic exercise: between 26 and 28 degrees celsius Flexibility, relaxation, gait training, and strengthening: between 26 and 35 degrees celsius Temperature gradings in celsius [Very Cold Cool: 1 13 18] Very cold: 1-13 Cold: 13-18 Cool: 18-27 [Tepid/Neutral Warm Hot Very: 27 33 35 36 40] Tepid: 27-33.5; used for general purposes Neutral: 33.5-35.5; used for wound care (whirlpool) Warm: 35.5-36.5 Hot: 36.5-40 Very hot: 40-60; used for therapeutic range F= (Cx1.8) + 32 [Fck and multiply (1.8) til 32 +] C= (F-32)/1.8 [Cellular Division (1.8)]

57. A sports PT was invited to deliver a talk on plyometrics before athletes of a university-based athletic association. Which of the following does NOT refer to plyometric? a. A criteria to begin plyometric training usually includes 60-70 percent level of strength and 75 percent range of motion b. It is appropriate only in the later stages of rehabilitation of active individuals who must achieve a high level of physical performance in specific high demand activities c. It is characterized by a rapid eccentric contraction during which muscle elongates, followed immediately by a rapid reversal of movement with a resisted shortening contraction of the same muscle d. It is a system of high velocity resistance training

A. 80-85% level of strength and 90-95% of ROM

48. After complete healing, wound will have only how many percent strength of intact skin? a. 80 b. 70 C. 50 d. 60

A. Wound strength increases rapidly over the next 4 wks, slows down at approximately the 3rd month after the original incision, reaches a plateau about 70%-(80)% of the tensile strength of the unwounded skin Kung new skin pa lang: 15%

62. Professional negligence is commonly identified as a. An unnecessary risk taken by a practitioner b. The unintended injury to person or property c. "Res ipsa loquitor" d. The intended injury to person or property

A. hindi ito typo Negligence: failure to do what a reasonable or prudent person would ordinarily done Criteria for negligence: -There is duty owed to the plaintiff (a plaintiff is the party who initiates a lawsuit before a court) -There is a breach of duty -Results into damage to person, property, or reputation Malpractice: failure to provide standards or skills demanded from your licensed profession Criteria for malpractice: [Violation DIN] -Violation of law; ex. No business permit, or no official receipt -Departure from acceptable practice (untested treatments) -Ignorance: does not mean you know the law, you are excused -Negligence Doctrine of vicarious liability (respondent superior): let the superior respond; ex. Homecare PT vs PT intern and CI -Homecare PT kung may mali nagawa, siya lang ang responsible for his actions -PT intern and CI, kung may mali nagawa ang intern, yung CI ang held responsible Doctrine of common knowledge (res ipsa loquitur): the thing speaks for itself Criteria for res ipsa loquitur/doctrine of common knowledge -What happened does not ordinarily occur -Instrument is in the hands of the defendant -There is no contributory negligence Example: ayaw mo sa tao, tapos nakita ng mga tao na nilagyan mo laxatives drink niya para magkaLBM siya; applicable yung res ipsa loquitor kasi hindi naman ordinary na bigla magkakaLBM ang tao (what happened does not ordinarily occur) and nahuli ka ng mga tao lagay ng laxative (instrument is in the hands of the defendant); (there is no contributory negligence) done with intent yung pag lagay mo ng laxatives

38. Pain in the calf aggravated by walking and elevation of the lower extremity is MOST LIKELY caused by a. Arterial insufficiency b. Sciatica C. Venous insufficiency d. Lymphedema

A. pain in calf aggravated by walking= intermittent claudication

12. While performing a postural screening for chronic pain, the PT notices excessive internal rotation of the shoulders and winging of the scapula during overhead motion. Treatment should concentrate on strengthening of the: a. Upper trapezius and stretching of pectoral muscles b. Middle and lower trapezius and stretching of pectoral muscles c. Rhomboids and stretching of upper trapezius d. Pectoral muscles and stretching of upper trapezius

B.

16. A 22 month old child with Down syndrome and moderate developmental delay is being treated at an early intervention program. Daily training activities that should be considered include a. Locomotor training using motorized treatment b. Holding and weight shifting in sitting and standing using tactile and verbal cueing C. Rolling activities d. Stimulation to postural extensors in sitting using rhythmic stabilization

B.

23. In a wellness center, a PT was assigned to do a study that examines body composition as a function of aerobic exercise and diet. The method of data collection that would provide the MOST accurate of body composition is a. Skin fold measurements b. Hydrostatic weighing C. Bioelectrical impedance d. Anthropometric measurement

B.

32. A patient recently admitted to an acute care hospital is referred to physical therapy. The PT documents the following clinical signs: pallor, cyanosis, and cool skin. These clinical signs are MOST consistent with a. Hypertension b. Anemia C. Diaphoresis d. Cor pulmonale

B.

41. A 68 year old male patient has an irregular dark pigmented ulcer over the medial malleolus. Patient has an irregular dark pigmented ulcer over the medial malleolus. Patient did not complain of pain. These symptoms are consistent with an/a a. Arterial insufficiency b. Venous ulcer c. Diabetic ulcer d. Arterial ulcer

B.

51. A golfer, while swinging to drive the ball, felt an immediate sharp pain in the right lower back. The day after patient reported stiffness with easing of pain after a shower. With these information, the source of pain is MOST LIKELY: a. Nerve root compression b. Facet joint impingement c. A stress fracture d. Diminished blood supply to the spinal cord

B.

68. Laser radiation is commonly used for a. Relief of neurogenic pain b. Accelerate wound healing c. Prevention of nerve degeneration d. Relief of arthritic pain

B.

69. Pt applies ultraviolet treatment to a female patient who the day after complained of peeling and itching. These disappear after 3 days. The dosage received was dose. a. Minimal erythemal b. First degree erythemal C. Suberythemal d. Third degree erythemal

B.

46. A plumb line is a tool that consists of a weight suspended at the end of a string to determine vertical. Ideal positioning of selected body parts in relation to the plumb line is described below, EXCEPT: a. Slightly anterior to the axis of the knee joint b. Slightly anterior to the hip joint C. Slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus d. Through the calcaneocuboid joint

B. Line of gravity in the body: Through, anterior, posterior [TATATPAA] [OA ang first two] T: odontoid process A: AO jt T: cervical A: thoracic T: lumbar [paa for LE] P: hip A: knee A: ankle T: calcaneocuboid jt

4. A PT participating in a study to check the fitness level of the senior population in a barangay in Quezon city is using a simple random sample to draw a sample from the population. By selecting this type of sample, the PT ensures that a. The sample will have proportional representation from all parts of the population b. Every member of the population has an equally opportunity of being chosen C. The sample size will be large d. The data collected from the sample will be normally distributed

B. PROBABLE SAMPLING -Simple random sampling: classic fish bowl technique; all have equal chance of being a part of sample -Stratified random sampling: layer or grouping of subjects according to specific characteristics before performing random sampling; ex. Hiwalay muna male group and female group, kung 5 from male, kuha 5 from female; then random sampling na sa 10 participants; UNEQUAL CHANCES of being a part of sample kasi what if marami yung males kaysa sa babae like 5 lang talaga sakto yung mga babae tapos sa mga lalake 20 -Systematic sampling: sampling interval, for every nth number siya ang makakasali sa sample -Cluster sampling: used if the population is too large; ex. Bawat barangay kukuha ka 50 individuals NON-PROBABLE SAMPLING -Convenience sampling: sample is chosen based on availability -Purposive sampling: setting a criteria for sample -Snowball sampling: setting a criteria for sample --> chain referral (kunwari networking marketing, ikaw bahala maghanap din ibang samples) -Quota sampling: problem with proportions; ex. Sa 100 potential sample, gusto mo 10 babae at 10 lalake; kaso everytime kumukuha ka ng pangalan lalake ang lumalabas, dahil sa 100 potential sample, 80 ang lalake tapos 20 ang babae; so para maging fair ang sampling, magbase ka sa number ng population or sample size; 80% kukunin sa lalake at 20% kukunin sa babae

25. The primary objective for record keeping in a PT clinic is a. Quality of care assessment b. Betterment of patient care C. Communication of patient care d. Medical-legal issues

B. Records: number 1 purpose is for the best interest of the patient, used for clinical and administrative purposes Enumerate the other functions of a record: Communication: accuracy, brevity, clarity [ABC] Quality of care assessment Education Research Motivation Admin control Medico-legal Societal benefits Protection: good written medical record Prevention against lawsuits

89. A PT is evaluating a 50-year old male patient who underwent a total knee arthroplasty 2 weeks ago. PT noticed that the entire leg has started swelling. There is pitting edema throughout the lower leg and foot with tenderness in the midcalf. Girth measurement showed a 3.7 increase in the size of the midcalf. What is the NEXT step that the PT should take? a. Call physician after treatment to report result of evaluation b. Send patient to the emergency room right away C. Elevate the affected extremity d. Send patient home with instruction to monitor the affected extremity

B. Well's criteria for DVT Active cancer (patient either receiving treatment for cancer within the previous 6 months or currently receiving palliative treatment)1Paralysis, paresis, or recent cast immobilization of the lower extremities1Recently bedridden for ≥ 3 days, or major surgery within the previous 12 weeks requiring general or regional anesthesia1Localized tenderness along the distribution of the deep venous system1Entire leg swelling1Calf swelling at least 3 cm larger than that on the asymptomatic side (measured 10 cm below tibial tuberosity)1Pitting edema confined to the symptomatic leg1Collateral superficial veins (non-varicose)1Previously documented deep vein thrombosis1Alternative diagnosis at least as likely as deep vein thrombosis-2 a Wells scoring system for DVT: -2 to 0: low probability, 1 to 2 points: Moderate probability, 3 to 8 points: high probability

18. A post stroke patient can maintain standing without any external support and has some sway. If he can remain standing while turning his head or trunks, the functional grade is a. Normal static and dynamic standing balance b. Good static and fair dynamic standing balance C. Good static and normal dynamic standing balance d. Fair static and good dynamic standing balance

B. [without handhold support] 4 (Normal) Static: able to maintain steady balance without handhold support Dynamic: accepts maximal challenge and can shift wt easily within full range in all directions 3 (Good) Static: able to maintain balance without handhold support, limited postural sway Dynamic: accepts moderate challenge, able to maintain balance while picking object off floor [with handhold support] 2 (Fair) Static: able to maintain balance with handhold support; may require occasional minimal assistance Dynamic: accepts minimal challenge; able to maintain balance while turning head/trunk 1 (Poor) Static: requires handhold support and moderate to maximal assistance to maintain position Dynamic: unable to accept challenge or move without loss of balance 0 (absent): unable to maintain balance

31. The following are characteristics of an arterial ulcer, EXCEPT a. Location is usually in the toes, feet lateral malleolus, anterior tibial area b. Pedal pulses are usually present C. Has irregular, smooth edges d. Painful especially if legs are elevated

B. Arterial ulcer d/t arterial insufficiency Granulation: pale red Drainage: minimal [WALANG EDEMA] Locations: -Lateral malleolus (MC) [LAnti; arte na landi pa] -Anterior tibia -Feet and toes Pain: (+) Edema: sometimes present Shape: punched-out or well circumscribed Hemosiderin staining: (-) Gangrene: (+) Pedal pulse: decreased or absent Associated signs: -Trophic changes (shiny, and loss of hair) [maarte, so dapat shiny skin and walang hair] -Pallor upon elevation, and dusky rubor/active hyperemia on dependency Best position: dependent position (dangling position) Venous ulcer d/t venous insufficiency Granulation: bright red, sira ang veins pero intact pa rin ang arteries kaya bright red (oxygenated blood) Drainage: moderate to heavy [EDEMA] Locations: medial malleolus Pain: (-) Edema: (+) Shape: irregular Hemosiderin staining: (+) Gangrene: (-) Pedal pulse: (+) Associated signs: -Stasis dermatitis: a long-term condition that causes inflammation, ulcers, and itchy skin on the lower legs. It often occurs in people who have underlying conditions that affect blood flow in the legs, such as chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and congestive heart failure -Cyanotic on dependency Best position: elevation to assist circulation back to the heart

78. A 66-year old female is recovering from stroke and at 4 months is ambulating with a straight cane inside the house. During therapy, PT asks patient to practice walking without assistive device. Recurvatum is observed that worsens with continued walking. The BEST strategy for the PT is a. Put the patient on an exercise machine and work on increasing quadriceps torque outpatient at higher loads and increasing speeds b. Practice isolated small-range quadriceps eccentric control work in standing and continue with the straight cane c. Give the patient a small-based quad cane to improve stability, and have him/her practice active ROM in supine d. Give the patient a KAFO to control the hyperextension and a hemi walker

B. D. give the px a KAFO to control recurvatum and hemi-walker: last resort, kung hindi gagana letter B.

97. A patient with pain in the left lateral face and head is found to have limited active and passive mouth opening range of motion. However, passive lateral deviation is full to both sides. The probable cause for the limitation in mouth opening range of motion is a. An anteriorly displaced disc without reduction in the left temporomandibular joint b. Decreased flexibility in the muscles of mastication on the left C. Capsular restriction of the left temporomandibular joint d. Decreased flexibility in the muscles of mastication on the left

B. Disc displacement with reduction: click Disc displacement without reduction: lock

63. A PT applies ultraviolet treatment to a female patient who the day after complained of peeling and itching. These disappear after 3 days. The dosage received was a. Third degree erythemal dose b. First degree erythemal dose c. Minimal erythemal dose d. Suberythemal dose

B. MED Appear: 6-8 hours Disappear: < 1 day Characteristics: initial erythema Pigmentation: (-) Desquamation: (-) Total body area (TBA): can be exposed to whole body Frequency of treatment: daily E1 Appear: 6-8 hours Disappear: 1 day Characteristics: Initial erythema Pigmentation: After repeated exposure Desquamation: Refined after repeated exposure Total body area (TBA): Can be exposed to whole body Frequency of treatment: Daily E2 Appear: 4-6 hours Disappear: 2 days Characteristics: Mild sunburn; (+) discomfort Pigmentation: Definite Desquamation: Powdery for 1-2 week [pow2ry] Total body area (TBA): 20% lang ng body ang pwede Frequency of treatment: Every 2nd day E3 Appear: 2-4 hours Disappear: 3-4 days Characteristics: Marked erythema; Severe sunburn; Tenderness ;(+) edema Pigmentation: Marked Desquamation: Marked skin peeling in sheets or flakes Total body area (TBA): 250 cm2 lang ang pwede Frequency of treatment: 3rd or 4th day (twice a week) E4 Appear: 2-4 hours Disappear: Weeks Characteristics: Blister formation Total body area (TBA): 25 cm2 lang ang pwede Frequency of treatment: Once a week

17. An infant is independent in sitting, all protective extension reactions and can pull-to-stand through kneeling, cruise sideways and stand alone. The infant still demonstrates plantar grasp in standing. The infant's chronological age is _months. a. 5 b. 8-9 c. 10-15 d. 6

B. a. 5: prone to supine; head control in supported sitting d. 6: infant can sit independently and pull-to-stand c. 10-15: walk unassisted

27. Which of the following statements on Speed's Test is FALSE? a. A positive test elicits increased tenderness in the bicipital groove and is indicative of bicipital tendinitis b. It is less effective than Yergason's test because the tendon moves over the bone during the test C. The examiner resists the shoulder forward flexion by the patient while the patient's forearm is first supinated, then pronated, and the elbow is completely extended d. The test may also be performed by forward flexing the patient's arm to 90 degrees and then asking the patient to resist an eccentric movement into extension

B. Speed's test is more effective than Yergason's test because the bone moves over more than the tendon during the Speed's test

8. A patient has chronic pulmonary disease. A contraindication to starting extremity joint mobilization is a. Reflex muscle guarding b. Long term corticosteroid therapy C. Concurrent inhalation therapy d. Function chest wall immobility

B. chronic use of corticosteroid is prone for frx or osteoporosis

80. The following are characteristics of the left hemisphere of the brain EXCEPT: a. Understand language b. Express negative emotions C. Mathematical calculations d. Analytical

B. describing L hemisphere fxn lang, hindi yung L hemispheric lesion Left cerebral/dominant hemisphere vs right/nondominant cerebral hemisphere Characteristics: *Each hemisphere represents the C/L side of the body [MALL; mga professors, mathematics and analytics proff, logics prof, language prof] Mathematical Analytical Logical Language (Broca's et Wernicke's area are only found at the L side of the brain) [MICA] Memorization [memoright] Insight et judgement [insight, right Creativity Arts et music Common L CVA manifestations: [what would make a bad MALL?] Aphasia: disorder of language Apraxia: ideational (L hemisphere); ideomotor (L BA 40) Disorganized Aware of impairment leading to difficulty in expressing positive emotions Slow and cautious (d/t awareness of presence of stroke) Common R CVA manifestations: [what makes MICA bad?] [Walang orginiality] *Not true apraxia: dressing, and constructional apraxia (ex. unable to build blocks) *Crossed aphasia: kasi dapat usually L CVA lang yung magmanifest ng aphasia, so kung R CVA tapos nagkaroon ng aphasia, crossed aphasia na tawag doon Agnosia: normal yung sensation nila, hindi lang nila maperceive kung ano yun Unaware of impairment [agnosia; absence of knowledge na may impairment siya] Visuospatial deficit: this is different from dysmetria (+) hemineglect on the L side (impaired R parietal lobe) [heminegleft, hindi niya namamalayan na kung anu-ano na pala nangyari sa L side niya] Difficulty in expressing negative emotions Irritability [WALA LAGEE AKONG STROKE!] Quick and impulsive Poor judgement and insight

34. A patient with left sided CHF class II, is referred for physical therapy. During exercises, the patient can be expected to exhibit a. Anorexia, nausea with abdominal pain and distension b. Dyspnea with fatigue and muscular weakness C. Severe, uncomfortable chest pain with shortness of breath d. Weight gain with dependent edema

B. dyspnea d/t L sided HF, muscular weakness dahil wala masyado blood madistribute sa muscle d/t weak L ventricle

5. A 55-year-old street sweeper is referred to you with shoulder pain. After evaluating patient, you suspect subscapularis tendinitis. Which symptom pointed to your diagnosis? a. Painful resisted shoulder adduction b. Pain was provoked by passive glenohumeral external rotation C. Tenderness at the greater tubercle of the humerus d. Pain was provoked by active glenohumeral external rotation

B. hindi ito typo, kasi kung in pain si pt, mas lalo na kung super, hindi niya voluntarily/actively gagawin ang position na maka-aggravate

81. A 34-year old motorcycle delivery crew who figured in a vehicular accident was referred to you. Evaluation revealed that he had no function of the biceps and the brachialis but has functions of the triceps and deltoid muscles. You can suspect a. Nerve root lesion is at C5-C6 b. Lesion is at the lateral cord of the brachial plexus C. None of these d. Lesion is at the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

B. musculocutaneous nerve originates at lateral cord

15. A PT conducts an upper quarter screening evaluation of a patient with rotator cuff tendonitis. With the patient sitting, the MOST appropriate technique to facilitate palpation of the rotator cuff is a. Passive abduction of the humerus b. Passive extension of the humerus C. Active medial and lateral rotation of the humerus d. Active extension and flexion of the elbow

B. passive extension then adduction

44. A small company with 15 employees is considering changing the chairs of the work area. In ergonomics, it is important to be able to adjust any chair to meet the basic anthropometric dimensions of the worker. The guiding principles in the selection of seating are as follows, EXCEPT a. Foot support should be used with seats that are higher than normal b. The seat surface should be 3 to 5 cm above the fold of the knee when the worker is standing c. The backrest must have a well-formed lumbar pad, which should offer good support at a height of 100 to 200 mm above the lowest point of the seat d. The depth of the seat should allow disk load rest against the backrest to reduce disk load

B. should be at least 5 cm below the popliteal crease

54. A PT should have sustainable understanding of the normal development of the human body to treat effectively and efficiently. Which of the following principles is NOT TRUE? a. Early motor activity is influenced by spontaneous activity b. Increasing motor ability is independent of motor learning C. Early motor activity is influenced primarily by reflexes d. Motor control develops from proximal to distal and from head to toe

B. should be dependent

40. Your patient is a 65 year old female diagnosed with venous problem. The following therapeutic procedures are usually indicated to prevent progression of condition EXCEPT: a. Patient with problems in the lower extremities should be encouraged to walk, run, rise on toes b. Electric stimulation is not recommended C. Gentle massage can be given to move the stagnant blood and relieve the pressure d. Intermittent pneumatic compression treatments are commonly given, often followed by exercises

B. should be recommended

14. A CP spastic diplegia patient exhibits weak hip abduction. Which activity will LEAST LIKELY strengthen his abduction? a. Sidelying with hip raises b. Supine to prone c. Prone to supine d. Kneeling to half-kneeling on either side

B. supine to prone: the L side of the pelvis rotates forward, the L hip flexes and adducts, thee knee flexes, and the ankle and foot is either held in neutral or assists by pushing off the floor in neutral or in slight PF Activities that will help in weak hip abduction: -Sidelying with hip raises -Prone to supine -Kneeling to half-kneeling on either side

50. A 48 year old female was referred to PT with a C6 nerve root injury. Which of the clinical findings would NOT be expected with this type of injury? a. Diminished brachioradialis reflex b. Paresthesias of the long and ring fingers C. Diminished sensation on the anterior arm and index finger d. Weakness in the biceps and supinator

B. this affects the C7 (long) C8 (ring) Biceps reflex: C5-C6 (C5) Brachioradalis reflex: C5-C6 (C6); you should tap over the radial styloid process because the brachioradialis tendon is located here Triceps reflex: C7-C8 (C7) Patellar reflex/knee jerk: L3-L4 (L4) Medial hamstrings reflex: L5, S1 Lateral hamstrings reflex: biceps femoris (S1, S2) [nasa "s"ide] Achilles reflex/ankle jerk: S1-S2 (S1) T.P. reflex: located in the medial malleolus (L4, L5) [to elicit TP reflex, position of 4] Jaw jerk reflex: CN5 (trigeminal)

13. A PT observes that the gait of patient status post pneumonia is characterized by heel walking. Possible cause of this deviation can be any of the following EXCEPT: a. Tightness of the dorsiflexor muscle b. Weakness of the gastrocnemius muscle c. Decreased strength of the dorsiflexors d. Pes calcaneous deformity

C.

26. In a person with normal balance, the fastest sensory system to provide balance information is the a. Visual system b. Vestibular system c. Somatosensory system d. All 3 systems are equally fast

C.

3. A PT is implementing a closed kinetic chain exercises for a patient diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Which is INAPPROPRIATE to include in the program? a. Walking backwards on a treadmill b. Exercise in a stair climber C. Isokinetic knee extension and flexion d. Limited squats to 45 degrees

C.

61. The following are tests to assess manual dexterity and coordination, EXCEPT: a. Jebson-Taylor Hand Function b. Minnesota Rate of Manipulation c. Grind d. Purdue Pegboard

C.

67. In measuring wrist flexion with a goniometer, the bony landmark used to align the instrument are a. Lateral condyle of the humerus and the ulna b. Styloid process of the ulna and the fifth proximal IP joint c. Lateral midline of the ulna and the fifth metacarpal d. Lateral midline of the radius and first metacarpal

C.

72. A PT is completing a development assessment of a 7-month old infant with normal development. The reflex that would NOT be integrated is a. Asymmetrical tonic b. Moro C. Landau d. Symmetrical tonic neck

C.

73. The complication that may result from excess ultraviolet radiation is a. Telangiectasis b. Herpes simplex c. All of these d. Impetigo

C.

75. The current leakage from an electrode intended for direct patient connection should NOT be more than microamperes. a. 40 b. 30 c. 50 d. 60

C.

79. Body composition is defined as the relative percentage of body weight that is comprised of fat and fat free tissue. Aside from skin fold measurement and hydrostatic weighing, the other methods are the following EXCEPT: a. Bioelectrical impedance analysis b. Body mass index c. Plethysmography d. Fat content analysis

C.

91. Many of patients seen in physical therapy are susceptible to excessive heat exposure. Heat exhaustion occurs when a person is exposed to more heat than the thermoregulatory mechanisms are capable of controlling. Although it rarely occurs in pure forms, it can be categorized as any of the following EXCEPT heat exhaustion. a. Exercise induced (heat syncope) b. Salt exhaustion c. Protein depletion d. Water-depletion

C.

95. A PT is getting a gross measurement of hamstrings length by passively extending the lower extremity of a patient in short sitting. The MOST common substitution to exaggerate hamstring length is a. Anterior rotation of the pelvis b. Hiking of the contralateral hip C. Posterior rotation of the pelvis d. Weight shift to the contralateral side

C.

86. A stage of sprain injury with symptoms that include moderate pain swelling, minimal instability of the joint, minimal to moderate tearing of the ligament and decreased range of motion a. Grade 3 b. Grade 4 c. Grade 2 d. Grade 1

C. Grade 1 (1st degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [magang maga pa lang] Mild pain at the time of injury Mild swelling Pain when stressed (moved) Local tenderness Grade 2 (2nd degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [mas sakit raw] Moderate pain that requires stopping of the activity Stress and palpation greatly increases the pain Results to joint hypermobility Grade 3 (3rd degree) soft tissue injury characteristics: [na pakasakit raw] Near complete or complete rupture/tear of soft tissue with severe pain Palpation reveals the defect stress does not result to pain Results to joint instability

70. Which of these is NOT TRUE about the pre-operation stage of cognitive development? a. Children develop tools for representative scheme symbolically through language imitation, imaginary play and drawing b. Preceded by the sensorimotor stage C. Ends at 5 years d. Starts when child begins to learn language

C. Piaget's cognitive development: [SPC's Foundation is Breakfast for 2 sa 7/11; ISLA] Sensorimotor: Birth - 2 yrs old; Immature reflexes Preoperational: 2 - 7 yrs old; Symbolic play/language Concrete operational: 7 - 11 yrs old; Logical thinking Formal operational: > 11 yrs old; Abstract thinking/Higher level thinking

30. A patient with vestibular problems was referred to PT. Evaluation revealed spontaneous nystagmus that can be minimized by visual fixation, oscillopsia, and loss of gaze stabilization. There was also marked disequilibrium and an ataxic wide-based gait veering to the left. These symptoms are consistent with a. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo b. Acoustic neuroma c. Acute unilateral vestibular dysfunction d. Meniere's disease

C. UVH: [DVN] -Disequilibrium (feeling of losing of balance) -Vertigo (feeling of spinning) -Nystagmus BVH: [DVN] -Disequilibrium -Vertigo and nystagmus if (+) asymmetry, ex. when looking towards one side

43. The MOST important consideration among the factors below in the clinical assessment for wheelchair and seating system is a. Abnormal reflexes b. Sensory deficits C. Contracture d. Muscle tone

C. Additional considerations: [magaling SPC sa spasticity] -Sensory loss -Paralysis and paresis -Contractures (most important consideration) -Spasticity and hypertonicity

74. A child stimulated for negative support reaction will respond positive through increased a. Extensor tone in lower extremities b. Flexor tone in upper extremities C. Flexor tone in lower extremities d. Extensor tone in upper extremities

C. "negative" support reaction

94. A 60-year old male patient was referred to PT for an exercise testing after experiencing shortness of breath twice 2 weeks prior to consultation. After monitoring the vital signs, the data collected are interpreted. The BEST indicator that patient had exerted maximal effort is a. Decrease in diastolic BP of mmHg when compared to the resting value b. Rating of 12 on a perceived exertion scale C. Failure of the heart rate to increase with further increase in intensity d. Rise in systolic diastolic BP of 50 mmHg when compared to the resting value

C. Failure of the heart rate to increase with further increase in intensity: hindi na daw makahabol yung HR sa increase in intensity

83. A 43-year old patient is recovering from a complete SCI at L2 level. The expected outcome would MOST LIKELY include a. Loss of motor function and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion with light touch, proprioception and position sense preserved b. Loss of arm function is greater than leg function with early loss of pain and temperature sensation c. A spastic or reflex bladder d. Some recovery of function since damage is to peripheral nerve roots

C. Spastic bladder: more proximal or at the level of T12, L1, L2 (conus medullaris) a. Loss of motor function and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion with light touch, proprioception and position sense preserved: anterior cord syndrome b. Loss of arm function is greater than leg function with early loss of pain and temperature sensation: central cord syndrome

53. A 15 year old grade 10 female was being evaluated for scoliosis. On standing, a right thoracolumbar curve was present but when seated, the curve disappears. The MOST LIKELY cause of this is a. Short iliopsoas muscle b. Lumbar facet dysfunction C. Leg length discrepancy d. Unilaterally weak gluteus medius

C. apparent leg length discrepancy

92. A patient who has been diabetic for more than 20 years have vascular insufficiency and diminished sensation of both feet with poor healing of a superficial skin lesion. It is essential that the patient understand the precautions and guidelines on foot care. Which of these is a CONTRAINDICATION to diabetic care? a. Wash feet daily and hydrate with moisturizing lotion b. Inspect skin daily for inflammation, swelling, redness, blisters or wounds C. Do daily hot soaks d. Wear flexible shoes that allow adequate room and change shoes frequently

C. impaired na kasi protective sensation nila kaya risk for burn

1. An orthopedic surgeon referred a 25 year old basketball player for instruction to improve strength of his ankle using closed kinematic chain exercises to increase ankle proprioception and reduce risk for ankle sprains. Which of these exercises should be part of your exercise program? a. Ankle eversion-inversion exercises using free weights strapped to his ankle b. Ankle eversion exercises using theraband resistance while the patient is sitting on the floor with his knee extended C. Walking on an inclined plane d. Half squats

C. kasi gagana yung ankle proprioceptors walking on inclined plane; better ang proprioception exercises with CKC d/t presence of wt bearing A. Ankle eversion-inversion exercises using free weights strapped to his ankle: OKC B. Ankle eversion exercises using theraband resistance while the patient is sitting on the floor with his knee extended: OKC

87. The condition that may result from persistent wearing of high heels is a. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy b. Bilateral bunion c. Metatarsalgia d. Pes planus

C. kasi lahat ng wt napupunta sa ball of the foot (MTT heads)

49. Patient was on bed rest for several months. Which of these does NOT occur in a patient after an extended bed rest? a. Increase in the heart rate response to activity b. A negative nitrogen and calcium balance C. Increase in lung volume d. Decrease in physical work capacity

C. should be decreased COPD: V/Q ratio: < 0.8 [O for Out, less than 0.8 man so Out ka na] Are lung volumes et capacities inversely or directly proportional with V/Q ratio? Inversely proportional Describe CRPD, its lung volumes et capacities, et V/Q ratio: -Problem with inspiration secondary to decreased lung et chest wall compliance (distensibility or ability to expand of the lungs) -decreased [VIT] VC, IRV, TLC (decreased TLC hallmark) -V/Q ratio is greater than 0.8 What is normal V/Q ratio of children? Greater than 0.8 Ventilation/perfusion ratio is used to assess the efficiency and adequacy of the matching of two variables: ventilation - the air that reaches the alveoli, and perfusion - the blood that reaches the alveoli via the capillaries.

21. A female PT is treating a 1-year old child with Down Syndrome at home. She notices decreasing strength in the extremities with neck pain and limited neck motion. Deep tendon reflexes are 1+. PT suspects a. Atlanto-axial subluxation with lemniscal impingement b. Lower motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome c. Upper motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome d. Atlanto-axial subluxation with spinal cord impingement

D.

37. A 65 year old female, 5 weeks post myocardial infarction is attending a cardiac rehab program. The PT adds a cooling period and patient asks why it is needed. PT's answer should be a. "it reduces chances of nausea and vertigo." b. "it minimizes occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias." C. "It allows PT to monitor vital signs after exercise." d. "it prevents pooling of the blood in the extremities."

D.

39. Sudden muscle cramps brought on by exertion and relived by rest describes this condition. a. Embolic occlusion b. Thrombophlebitis c. Lymphedema d. Claudication

D.

45. A 76 year old male patient demonstrates significant proprioceptive losses in both lower extremities, distal greater than proximal useful compensatory strategies in is ambulation training would include a. Shorten ambulation and focus on wheelchair mobility b. Constant verbal cueing about his foot position c. Practice walking on a smooth surface floor d. Letting patient watch position of his feet while practicing standing and stepping

D.

55. Patients with peripheral nerve injury demonstrate optimal peripheral nerve integrity and muscle performance over the course of months. a. 18-24 months b. 2-3 months c. 9-12 months d. 4-8 months

D.

82. In order to determine if an exercise session should be terminated, the patient assesses the level of exertion using the BORG Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. The patient rates the level of exertion as 11 on the 6-19 scale. A rating of 11 corresponds to which of the following. a. Very, very light b. Very light C. Somewhat hard d. Fairly light

D.

88. A patient was referred to PT with fingertips that are rounded and bulbous. The nail plate is more convex than normal. These changes were considered by the PT as indicating a. Trauma to the nail bed b. Inflammation of the proximal and lateral nail folds C. Psoriasis d. Chronic hypoxia from heart disease

D.

93. A patient with a left sided congestive heart failure, class II, is referred to PT. while exercising, patient may exhibit a. Weight gain with dependent edema b. Anorexia, nausea with abdominal pain and distension C. Severe, uncomfortable chest pain with shortness of breath d. Dyspnea with fatigue and muscular weakness

D.

56. A PT working in the provincial hospital was asked to cover an interscholastic football league competition. During a game, a player is knocked down on the field. The PT rushed to the scene and determines that the player is unconscious. What should be the NEXT action of the PT? a. Proceed to give mouth to mouth resuscitation check for shock b. Start with the head and determine first if there is any bleeding or fluid coming from the nose, ears, eyes, or mouth C. Check the carotid pulse for a heart beat d. Check breathing and if it is impaired, clear the airway, and if necessary

D. Sequence: [ABC] Airway --> Breathing --> Circulation

20. Which modality causes the greatest increase in tissue temperature? a. Infrared b. Ultrasound c. Moist hot packs d. Diathermy

D. Short wave diathermy: deep heating modality which utilizes conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal energy Frequency and recommended wavelengths in SWD 13.56 MHz: 22 m; MC used frequency and wavelengths 27.12 MHz: 11 m 40.68 MHz: 7 m Methods used in SWD: -Electrostatic field heating: vibration of ions, causes ions to move back and forth creating friction to produce heat [yung static maramdaman mo sa kasama mo mas lalo na kung gawa siya vibration motions] -Electromagnetic field heating: production of Eddy currents, uses coil or magnetic wires wrapped around a limb to produce circular currents (Eddy currents) perpendicular to the electromagnetic field Method of heat application in electrostatic vs electromagnetic SWD -Capacitor (electrostatic field): uses metal electrodes enclose in a rigid plate to function as electrodes [isipin mo yung ginagamit sa hospitals kung nagstop yung heart, tapos nirurub nila yung plates against each other tapos CLEAR!] -Inductothermy (electromagnetic field heating): wires enclosed in rubber or plastic and wrapped around the limb for deeper heating Techniques of application of capacitor for electrostatic field -Coplanar: same plane -Contraplanar: opposite planes -Crossfire: commonly used in joints and pelvic area Techniques of application of inductothermy in electromagnetic field heating -Coil technique: coiling of wires around the limb -Drum technique: coil inside drum; DEEPEST heating technique [Drum Deep] Treatment time prescribed for SWD -Thermal: 20 minutes [mabilis lang dapat kasi grabe kadeep heating] -Non-thermal (pulsed): 30-60 minutes; indicated for acute, or infective conditions Indications of SWD: -Chronic conditions -Musculoskeletal disorders Contraindications for SWD: -Metal implant -Acute conditions -Pregnant uterus -Edema -Hemorrhage Microwave diathermy: e

22. In electrotherapy, if the peak pulse duration in high voltage generators ranges from 50-100 usec, for low voltage generators it is msec. a. 600-800 b. 01-02 c. 900-950 d. .03-500

D. [isipin mo na lang high voltage kasi nagsimula siya sa 50 tapos yung isa low kasi nagsimula sa .03] High voltage generator: 50-100 Low voltage generator: .03-500

10. When mobilizing a joint, correct technique is crucial. The statements below describe the mobilization technique EXCEPT a. commence with grade i distraction when possible b. One joint at a time is moved in one direction C. The extremity to be treated is placed in comfortable position d. A joint is mobilized in the closed pack position

D. a. commence with grade i distraction when possible: pwede rin grade 2

2. A patient immersed in the pool up to the umbilicus effectively off-loads percent of his body weight. a. 30 b. 40 C. 60 d. 50

D. Amount of weight loss during water immersion at different levels of our body [4, 5, 6 SUX; six sux]; mas accurate daw ito kaysa sa weight bearing with immersion thing Symphysis pubis: 40% Umbilicus: 50% Xiphoid process: 60% Weight bearing with immersion at different levels of our body C7: 10% [1 for vertebral column, 0 for C7 (encircle mo C7] Xiphoid process: 33% [gawa ka 3 from L boob to R boob] ASIS: 50% [A5I5]

59. PT has just completed a study investigating the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and type of testing modality: arm ergometry versus leg ergometry. PT finds a correlation of .52 with the arm testing while the correlation is 0.75 with the leg testing. This means that a. The common variance of both types of testing is only 20 percent b. Both arm and leg ergometry are highly correlated RPE c. Leg ergometry is highly correlated with RPE while arm ergometry is only moderately correlated d. Both arm and leg ergometry are only moderately correlated with RPE

D. Correlation coefficient between variables [25, 25, 50, 75] 0-0.25: little or no relationship 0.25-0.50: fair relationship 0.50-0.75: moderate to good relationship greater than 0.75: excellent/high relationship

96. A 32-year old male diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis reports progressive stiffening of the spine and associated pain for more than five years. The patient's MOST typical standing posture demonstrates a. Lateral curvature of the spine with fixed rotation of the vertebrae b. Posterior thoracic rib hump C. Excessive lumbar curve flattened thoracic curve d. Flattened lumbar curve, exaggerated thoracic curve

D. Marie-Strumpell/Von Beckterev's/bamboo spine/ankylosing/rheumatoid spondylitis: Fusion of the spine (making it look like a bamboo) leading to stoop posturing [si Marie-Strumpell bamboo spine, si Von Beckterev ankylosing spondylitis] Special test for Marie-Strumpell/Von Beckterev's/bamboo spine/ankylosing spondylitis How is it performed? Also give its values and implication: Schober's test Using a measure tape along the spinous process of the pt (ex. from C7-T12: 20cm) then ask the pt to bend forward: Normal: 5-10 cm Possible ankylosing spondylitis: < 5 cm Hypermobility of the spine: > 10 cm Ideal positioning for pts with Marie-Strumpell/Von Beckterev's/bamboo spine/ankylosing spondylitis: Extension so that the vertebral bodies that are fused would separate Best exercise for Marie-Strumpell/Von Beckterev's/bamboo spine/ankylosing spondylitis: Swimming because spine is always in extended position

47. The patient is now able to pronate and supinate his affected forearm with the elbow extended. This means he is in the stage _ of Brunnstrom's stages of development. a. 3 b. 2 c. 4 d. 5

D. Motor tests for shoulder and elbow (para malaman mo kung anong stage na siya of recovery, ipagawa mo mga test na ito): 1. No voluntary limb movements 2. Synergies appear [spasticity begins to develop] 3. Synergies voluntarily controlled [voluntary motion pero lahat towards synergy] 4. Hand behind back; arm raised to forward horizontal; pronation-supination with 90 degrees elbow flexion 5. Arm raised forward and overhead, arm raised to horizontal, pronation supination with elbow extension 6. All limb movements possible Hand correlation in Brunnstrom's stages of recovery: 1. Flaccid, no hand movement 2. Mass/gross grasp (gamit halos lahat ng fingers to grasp something); minimal finger flexion 3. Mass grasp; hook grasp, no release [peak of spasticity, claw hand deformity] 4. Mass grasp; lateral prehension; some thumb movement possible; semi-voluntary finger extension 5. Palmar prehension (three-jaw chuck; like holding a pen); spherical prehension; cylindrical prehension; RELEASE IS POSSIBLE [stage 5 makahigh five na dahil release is possible] 6. Possible hand functions, coordination approaches normal

52. The treatment plan for a patient with hemiplegia is based on the theory of reinforcing normal movement through key points of control and avoiding all reflex movement patterns and associated reactions, the approach MOST closely illustrates a. Kabat b. Rood c. Brunnstrom d. Bobath

D. Rood: sensorimotor (cephalocaudal) Brunstromm: uses associated reaction and reflexive patterns

29. This is a special test that conforms lateral epicondylitis. Patient reports pain as the therapist resist the attempt to make a fist, pronate the forearm, radially deviate and extend the wrist. a. Golfer's elbow b. Ludwig's C. Wilson's d. Cozen's

D. Special tests for lateral epicondylitis/tennis elbow [lateral] [Mill lang si passive kasi one syllable; mga "M", open hand] Method 1: Cozen's test Method2:Mill'stest Methord 3: Maudsley's test Cozen's test Fist, wrist extended, forearm pronated Actively resist wrist extension of pt (+) pain Mill's test Hand-open, wrist flexed, forearm pronated, elbow extended Gentle passive stretch for wrist extensors (+) pain Maudsley's test Extension of middle finger Resist extension of middle finger (+) pain Lateral epicondylitis

36. A 70 year old patient with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia comes to therapy confused and has shortness of breath and generalized weakness. You will suspect that the patient a. Is experiencing unstable angina b. Is showing signs of early Alzheimer's disease C. Failed to take prescribed hypertension medication d. Is showing early signs of myocardial infarction

D. [MI si FiSC] Fatigue SOB Confusion A. unstable angina: dapat merong chest pain

64. The ideal temperature of the water in the whirlpool when treating a patient with severe arterial insufficiency is a. 90-92 degrees Celcius b. 90-92 degrees Fahrenheit C. 33.5-35.5 degrees Fahrenheit d. 92-96 degrees Fahrenheit

D. Whirlpool temp 33.5-35.5 degrees Celcius 92-96 degrees Fahrenheit F= (C*1.8) + 32 C= (F-32) /1.8

100. A postpartum patient with stress incontinence is referred to the clinic for pelvic floor exercises. During the beginning of the exercise program, the BEST technique should include a. Supine, squeeze the spincters and hold for 3 seconds b. Hooklying, bridge and hold for 5 seconds C. Supine, squeeze sphincters and hold for 10 seconds d. Sitting in toilet bowl, stop and hold the flow for 5 seconds

D. Kegel's

58. A 54 year old female bank executive was referred to the clinic after right breast lumpectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. PT noted that scapular control is poor when upper extremity flexion or abduction is began. Given the limitation, the PT intervention at this time should focus on a. Active assistive pulley exercises to assist rotator cuff muscles following damage to the suprascapular nerve b. Strengthening of the right deltoids to help stabilize the shoulder, which compensates for damage to the dorsal scapular nerve c. Strengthening of the right rhomboid to promote normal function of the scapula as a result of damage to the dorsal scapular nerve d. Gravity-assistive right upper extremity exercises to promote scapular control following damage to the long thoracic nerve

D. Long thoracic nn ang common na nadadamage sa axillary lymph node dissection

19. A PT is treating a 1 year old child with Down Syndrome at home and noted decreasing strength in the extremities, with neck pain and limited neck motion. Upper extremity deep tendon reflexes are 3+. The PT thinks it is a. Lower motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome b. Upper motor neuron signs consistent with Down Syndrome C. Atlanto-axilla subluxation with lemniscal impingement d. Atlanto-axilla subluxation with spinal cord impingement e. Atlanto-axilla subluxation with spinal cord impingement

D. This is a medical emergency. Decreased ms strength and increased DTRs are the signs of dislocation from loss of cord function. In this case, the increasing symptoms is significant for a developing subluxation. LMNL signs may also occur

7. This statement is TRUE of the peak torque of a concentric contraction of the plantarflexors. a. It occurs at the end of the range where the plantarflexors are the most shortened. b. It does not change with different velocities of isokinetic testing C. It is measured in joules d. It decreases as the muscles fatigue

D. kasi kung fatigue na muscle mo, hindi mo na macontract muscle mo para makagenerate ng torque Torque: turning or rotational effect; as muscle shortens (active insufficiency), the torque also shortens; as muscle lengthens (passive insufficiency), the torque is greater

98. A female patient with a 10-year history of scleroderma is referred to PT to improve function and endurance. She was recently treated with corticosteroids for a bout of myositis. Evaluation shows limited ROM and fibrotic soft tissue with hyperesthesia. The MOST essential strategy in the beginning is a. Treadmill walking with body weight support at intensity 40 percent HR max b. Closed-chain and modified aerobic step exercises c. Soft tissue mobilization and stretching d. AROM exercises and walking in the pool

D. meron din kasi hyperesthesia si pt so hindi recommended ang letter C. [tapos makatulong sa hydration sa dry skin ng scleroderma]