Public Speaking 1315 Quizzes, Exams, and Final Questions

True/False: The preparation (sometimes called "working") outline is typically used by a speaker to refer to during the presentation (or delivery) of the speech.

False

True/False: The process of producing clear and distinct sounds is called pronunciation.

False

True/False: The specific purpose must be explicitly stated as part of the introduction to your speech.

False

True/False: The specific purpose of a speech must be explicitly stated as part of the introduction to your speech.

False

True/False: The speeches given at graduation ceremonies are known as commemorative addresses.

False

True/False: The textbook recommends that you should always memorize your speech so you won't forget any of the words.

False

True/False: There is a clear distinction between informative and persuasive presentations: Informative presentations contain information while persuasive presentations avoid information and focus instead on using emotion to persuade.

False

True/False: There is a clear distinction between informative and persuasive presentations: Informative presentations contain information while persuasive presentations use emotion to persuade.

False

True/False: There is absolutely nothing you can do to adapt to your symptoms of speech anxiety to reduce the likelihood that your audience will notice them; you just have to live through the experience.

False

True/False: To make absolutely sure people understand what you mean, you should communicate only using the denotative meanings of words; that way there will never be any misunderstandings.

False

True/False: Transformational leadership is the same thing as democratic leadership.

False

True/False: Using humor is the best strategy for reinforcing your credibility in a conclusion.

False

True/False: Vocalized pauses such as "you know" are used by so many speakers that they are NOT noticeable.

False

True/False: We listen at a much slower rate than the rate an average person speaks.

False

True/False: When considering your audience, consider them as a group, rather than individuals.

False

True/False: When informing your listeners about complex processes, the best approach is just to define and explain them.

False

True/False: When it comes to selecting supporting material, proximity does not matter.

False

True/False: When planning an interview, keep your questions spontaneous.

False

True/False: When providing evaluative feedback, you should focus only on areas for improvement because, if you are critiquing, you are necessarily looking for flaws and providing recommendations for improvement

False

True/False: When quoting someone's words in a presentation, you should always say, "Quote....unquote."

False

True/False: When searching for an abstract word, speakers should consult a thesaurus.

False

True/False: When we use the term "verbal communication," we are referring to what you say, both the words and your tone of voice.

False

True/False: When you listen to empathize, you make a judgment as well as understand the information heard.

False

True/False: A belief is an easily learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something.

False

True/False: A central idea can be worded as either a phrase or a question.

False

True/False: A people-oriented listener prefers a speaker who avoids emotion.

False

True/False: A person's gender is determined by the anatomy (female or male) with which that person is born.

False

True/False: A poor presentation aid does not affect the audience's perception of a speaker's professionalism.

False

True/False: A pun and a spoonerism use the same verbal strategy for humorous effect.

False

True/False: A speaker who pounds one hand into another is using a repeating gesture.

False

True/False: A speaker's appearance (dress, cleanliness, etc.) when delivering a speech is really unimportant to the success of the speech.

False

True/False: A specific purpose statement is a statement of your major ideas.

False

True/False: A speech is either completely informative or completely persuasive; there are no overlaps, not even slight overlaps, between the two types of speeches.

False

True/False: Accommodation means that speakers should abandon their own convictions in order to show tolerance of the audience's beliefs.

False

True/False: According to the text, persuasion is based on argument, which is the same thing as disagreement.

False

True/False: Actually visualizing yourself in the room in which the speech will take place and imagining audience applause will only make you more nervous.

False

True/False: An impromptu speech does NOT have to be organized.

False

True/False: Appealing to a social need to persuade is effective because it reflects the desire to feel good about ourselves.

False

True/False: Brainstorming is a method of finding topic ideas by carefully considering and evaluating each idea as you think of it.

False

True/False: Causal reasoning is reasoning that arrives at general conclusions based on specific instances or examples.

False

True/False: Critical listening and critical thinking are the same process.

False

True/False: Customizing your speech specifically to influence the target audience is considered ethically questionable.

False

True/False: Delaying speech preparation and rehearsal is usually an effective method to reduce speaker anxiety.

False

True/False: Denotative meanings of words often reside within the individual

False

True/False: Denotative meanings of words often reside within the individual.

False

True/False: Derived credibility refers to that which a speaker achieves after presenting a speech.

False

True/False: Dissonance means being in harmony and being balanced.

False

True/False: Ethics are universal; all cultures hold the same basic, human ethics.

False

True/False: Evaluating a source for recency means making sure the information is not biased.

False

True/False: Even if a speaker needs no introduction, you should present one anyway.

False

True/False: Extemporaneous speaking and impromptu speaking are the same thing.

False

True/False: Fear appeals and negative motivation are more intimidating if they are directed toward an individual, rather than one's loved ones.

False

True/False: General words are better to use than specific words.

False

True/False: Handout pages should NOT be numbered, which helps encourage the audience to watch you, not the paper.

False

True/False: If a listener is suffering from information overload, concentrating harder on the details of a message is often helpful.

False

True/False: If a speech is well written, it can be presented to anyone, anytime, without any modifications to adapt to specific audiences.

False

True/False: If a speech is well written, it can be presented to anyone, anytime.

False

True/False: If informative speakers want to make a message interesting, they should focus on themselves rather than the audience.

False

True/False: If you are really anxious about speaking, it is best to avoid direct eye contact with audience members, or connecting with them in any manner.

False

True/False: If you have the option of selecting your own topic for an informative speech, you should choose a topic that you know your professor or class will be interested in—even though you, yourself, find it boring.

False

True/False: If you're competent using a computer, you really don't need to practice out loud with your PowerPoint.

False

True/False: In persuading a diverse audience, remember there are universally accepted beliefs concerning what constitutes evidence.

False

True/False: In persuasive speaking, the audience is always persuaded by logic.

False

True/False: Innovative and experienced speakers always begin with a dictionary definition.

False

True/False: Introductions and conclusions should be prepared before you have organized the body of your speech.

False

True/False: It is NOT a good idea to finish a story in a conclusion that you started in the introduction; it should be finished in the introduction.

False

True/False: It is a good idea to select a presentational aid before you decide on a speech purpose.

False

True/False: It is acceptable to use a manuscript of your speech for a delivery outline.

False

True/False: It is always better to display information on an overhead projector rather than giving a handout so that audience members won't be distracted by reading while you are speaking.

False

True/False: It is easy to avoid unbiased language.

False

True/False: It is not recommended to audio or video record your speech rehearsal as it is not effective in improving your final speech performance.

False

True/False: It is unwise to ask a friend to listen to your speech to help you edit it.

False

True/False: It's a poor idea to watch television or read books and magazines in search of a speech topic, because using these as a source of topics is a form of plagiarism.

False

True/False: Monroe's Motivated Sequence assumes that your audience is already aware that they need "something" and, thus, is focused primarily on emphasizing the benefits of the product or solution you are "selling."

False

True/False: Note cards are always preferable to full sheets of paper because they are less conspicuous to an audience.

False

True/False: Once you introduce a visual aid, you should keep it in front of the audience throughout your speech.

False

True/False: One recommendation to manage speech anxiety is to visualize success, but plan for the worst.

False

True/False: Parallelism occurs when many words in a sentence begin with the same letter.

False

True/False: Persuading a diverse audience is easy if you remember that there are universally accepted beliefs—across all cultural backgrounds—concerning what is appropriate and convincing evidence.

False

True/False: Public speaking skills can make you more confident, but these skills have absolutely no effect on your long-term employment success.

False

True/False: Public speaking skills can make you more confident, but they have NO effect on your long-term employment success.

False

True/False: Public speaking, unlike ordinary conversation, requires you to focus and verbalize your thoughts.

False

True/False: Regional meanings of words are easy to predict.

False

True/False: Self-Esteem needs are at the very top of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.

False

True/False: Since effective public speaking skills are universal, a good speech will be viewed positively anywhere in the world.

False

True/False: Slang expressions are perfectly appropriate for most types of public speaking.

False

True/False: Speakers have to cite sources for direct quotes but not for paraphrasing.

False

True/False: Speakers should use warm colors to communicate negative messages.

False

True/False: Speaking in a monotone is essentially a failure to vary your speaking rate.

False

True/False: Specific purpose statements usually explain what the speaker will do during the speech, as in "During my speech, I will tell you what I know about golf."

False

True/False: Speech Anxiety was defined by James McCroskey as "a level of fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another person or persons."

False

True/False: Speech anxiety is never beneficial to a speaker.

False

True/False: The key word in Monroe's Motivated Sequence is "logical."

False

True/False: The keynote speaker at a conference should mention all the other speakers that will follow.

False

True/False: The patterns of organization listed in your text refer to the arrangement of your subpoints.

False

True/False: While speakers have to cite sources for direct quotes, they do NOT have to cite sources for paraphrasing as they are not quoting word for word.

False

True/False: While speaking to a large group at the annual Star Wars convention, John steadily maintains eye contact with just the two people in costume in the front row. Your speech teacher would consider John's technique effective.

False

True/False: With a general purpose of "to inform," a speaker offers information to change or reinforce an audience's convictions.

False

True/False: Write your preparation outline in phrases rather than complete sentences.

False

True/False: You are delivering a speech on the comic geniuses, the Three Stooges, to a very young audience (they likely have never seen a Three Stooges movie). You would likely prepare your informative presentation with "audience gains insight" as your primary desired outcome.

False

True/False: You are reading through a magazine and find an article on a topic you find interesting. Because you know that you shouldn't plagiarize anything, you should not even consider using this topic for a speech.

False

True/False: You should always include multiple animations and sound effects in a PowerPoint presentation, since they will help maintain your audience's interest.

False

True/False: A final mental rehearsal right before your speech will help in a successful delivery.

True

True/False: A hypothetical example should not be used to reach a conclusion.

True

True/False: A keyword search is helpful when using Internet search engines.

True

True/False: A lavaliere microphone clips onto the speaker's clothing.

True

True/False: A receiver's perception of a message is dependent on his or her past experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and values.

True

True/False: A recently discovered barrier to listening, receiver apprehension, is the fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting the message.

True

True/False: A skilled public speaker must learn to choose and use a variety of supporting material.

True

True/False: A speaker must be aware of nonverbal feedback from the audience in order to adapt the speech as he or she speaks.

True

True/False: A speaker wishing to establish initial credibility will dress carefully and look directly into the audience's eyes before beginning the speech.

True

True/False: Alan Monroe felt so strongly about the importance of including visualization in a persuasive appeal that he called it out as its own step in his Motivated Sequence.

True

True/False: All speeches, even those that are primarily informative, are making some kind of argument.

True

True/False: Although videos and movies capture and hold attention, they are usually NOT a good support for a speaker's main purpose.

True

True/False: An audience member who nonverbally communicates disagreement with the speaker's message speaker is listening ethically.

True

True/False: An effective speaker checks the hardware available before designing presentation aids.

True

True/False: Anxiety can actually improve your energy level and speech performance.

True

True/False: Any of the methods used for the introduction of your speech can be used in the conclusion.

True

True/False: Audiences from the United States are more responsive to fact based persuasive appeals than to extended analogies.

True

True/False: Audiences will generally appreciate references to their political, social or professional organizations, if appropriate to the speech.

True

True/False: Before organizing your main points, it is wise to review the logical divisions, reasons, or series of steps you identified when you narrowed your topic.

True

True/False: Before preparing a speech, it is helpful to analyze the audience demographically, psychologically, and situational.

True

True/False: Beliefs and values by which we determine right from wrong are termed "ethics."

True

True/False: Both content and delivery contribute to the effectiveness of a speaker.

True

True/False: Closed-ended questions are should be used when a speaker wants specific information from an audience.

True

True/False: Concrete supporting material is more interesting to most people than abstract ideas.

True

True/False: Controversial issues make excellent choices for persuasive speeches.

True

True/False: Criteria are standards for identifying acceptable solutions.

True

True/False: Dark text on a light background is suggested for computer-generated, projected graphics.

True

True/False: David Berlo is credited for developing the SMCR model of communication.

True

True/False: Detecting faulty reasoning in a speech means that you're listening effectively because you're thinking critically.

True

True/False: Ethical communication implies honesty and respect for oneself and others.

True

True/False: Explanations should have vivid and specific language in order to capture and hold the attention of your audience.

True

True/False: Extemporaneous speaking has the most conversational style.

True

True/False: If a persuasive speaker causes you to become uncomfortable with your own position or view on an issue, the speaker has successfully used a strategy known as cognitive dissonance.

True

True/False: If audience members are maintaining eye contact with the speaker, they are probably listening.

True

True/False: Sharing the same code system refers to both verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the speaker and the audience.

True

True/False: Silence can be an effective tool in emphasizing a particular word or sentence.

True

True/False: Some humor may be appropriate in a eulogy or speech of tribute to someone who died.

True

True/False: Speakers have an ethical responsibility to give credit for information and ideas that are not their own.

True

True/False: Speakers should present only the key words on a presentation aid for the audience to jot down.

True

True/False: Specificity means that you can organize your supporting material either from general to specific, or from specific to general.

True

True/False: Stating a problem and then discussing its causes pertains most directly to the problem-solution pattern of arranging points.

True

True/False: Surprisingly, anxiety can actually improve your energy level and speech performance.

True

True/False: The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees our freedom of speech.

True

True/False: The ability to speak with competence and confidence will provide empowerment.

True

True/False: The audience is an equally important element in speech topic selection, in addition to the interests or knowledge of the speaker.

True

True/False: The central idea is a one-sentence summary of the main ideas in a speech.

True

True/False: The delivery outline should include transitions, citations, and directions for delivery

True

True/False: The difficulty with traditional slide presentations (using a slide projector) is that the room must be darkened for them to be effective.

True

True/False: The first part of an acceptance speech should be to thank the person making the presentation and the organization that person represents; then, mention a few of the people responsible for your success.

True

True/False: The three necessary elements for an award-presentation speech are a reference to the occasion, a brief history of the award and its significance, and the naming of the person receiving the award.

True

True/False: True/False: For persuasive speakers, it is important to establish credibility with unreceptive audiences.

True

True/False: Using note cards to record supporting materials, then rearranging these cards, is described by your textbook as an efficient method of planning your speech.

True

True/False: Using visuals as aids to verbal signposts will improve your audience's ability to follow your speech.

True

True/False: Vocalized pauses (or what your professor calls "filler phrases" or "vocal insertions") such as "you know," "ah," "um," etc., can act as noise and often distract an audience from the speaker's message.

True

True/False: When a speaker's nonverbal message contradicts the verbal message, listeners tend to believe the nonverbal message.

True

True/False: When combined with a central idea, a preview statement can form a "blueprint" of a speech.

True

True/False: When making a group presentation, it is helpful for the first speaker to clarify the group's purpose for the audience.

True

True/False: When planning a speech, you should always begin by considering your personal experience and knowledge.

True

True/False: When preparing visual aids, use simple drawings or pictures.

True

True/False: When using other people as presentation aids, it is wise to choose someone you know and rehearse the speech with that person.

True

True/False: When you are presenting a speech, you are essentially making an argument, supported by major claims (your main points), which are supported by other claims and examples.

True

True/False: When you distribute handouts, you should ask audience members to keep them face down until you are ready to talk about them.

True

True/False: When you say, "Now that we have a better understanding of the nutritional value of garlic, let's turn next to the many ways garlic has been used in medicine," you are using a connective.

True

True/False: While not specifically identified as a "step" in the Problem (Cause) Solution speech, most PCS speeches tend to include visualization in either the solution or the conclusion.

True

True/False: While, technically, a statement of summary is an acceptable method of concluding a speech, Professor PJ does not consider it to be a sufficient way to end your speech.

True

True/False: You will be less nervous if you speak on a topic with which you have had experience.

True

True/False: Your face is key in communicating your emotions and attitudes to the audience.

True

True/False: Your perceptions of the speaking event, your self-image, and your self-esteem interact to create speech anxiety.

True

True/False: Your professor recommends you conduct preliminary research on several possible topics before selecting your final topic.

True

When Ariana presented some evidence in the form of library research, Russ suggested that they listen to it and decide if it was something that would be useful for their project. Which tip for participating in a small group did Russ effectively enact?

True

What tip is suggested regarding the use of speaking notes?

Type or print information so that it can be easily read.

Rashan thought that he would be dramatic and impress his public speaking class with his speech on air pollution. He decided to use mice in a closed jar to illustrate how air pollution is slowly killing human beings. But during the speech, he noticed that audience's attention was on the jar of mice, rather than on him as the speaker. What guideline did Rashan ignore, with regard to using presentation aids?

Use animals with caution as presentation aids.

What are important guidelines for the use of statistics in a speech?

Use reputable, authoritative, unbiased sources for your statistics.

What is ethnocentrism?

the attitude that one's own cultural approach is superior to those from other cultures

From topic selection to outlining, the focus of your speech preparation should be centered on:

the audience

From topic selection to outlining, what should be the central focus in speech preparation?

the audience

When determining whether or not a presentation aid will enhance a presentation, a speaker's first consideration should be to

the audience.

What aspect of speech preparation contains the summary of your message?

the central idea

When you finally deliver your speech, you should speak from

the delivery outline.

The fact that most speeches are planned and rehearsed well in advance of delivery illustrates which of the following?

the difference between public speaking and everyday conversation

The XXXX of persuasion suggests that people are persuaded by both logical appeals and by peripheral matters, such as appealing music or slogans.

the elaboration likelihood model

What a public speaker says and how she or he says it is referred to as

the message itself.

When you make a speech placing someone's name in nomination for an office or award, what should you be sure to mention?

the nominee's qualifications for this award or office

The method a speaker uses to arrange her or his main ideas is termed

the organizational pattern.

Cate describes first how hunger is a worldwide problem; she then explains that there is a hunger problem in the U.S.; then she describes a family suffering in her hometown. What aspect of supporting material organization is Cate employing here?

the specificity principle

Reemphasizing the central idea in a memorable way, moving an audience to action, and providing closure are all functions of

the speech conclusion.

Of the three types of microphones, which type requires the most skill to use effectively?

the stationary microphone

What dialect is preferred by most audience members?

their own

When starting with a broad speech topic such as "basketball," it is necessary to narrow it down because

there is too much research involved in such a broad topic.

In 1989, the Supreme Court overturned a statute that made burning the United States' flag illegal because

they found it to be a "speech act" protected by the First Amendment.

When searching for a speech topic, Web directories, such as Yahoo, are helpful because

they have a list of topics divided into categories, and subcategories.

From the following options, the best reason to use presentation aids is:

they help your audience understand and remember.

The best reason to use presentation aids is that

they help your audience understand and remember.

Marcus has been asked to present his colleague, George, with the "Salesperson of the Year" award. What is important for him to remember to say in this speech?

to briefly refer to the occasion and mention the significance of the award

The purpose of an introduction is

to get the audience's attention and interest.

In a speech about voting trends, Michael cited recent statistics, but made no attempt to appeal to the audience's sense of patriotism or to encourage them to vote more regularly.

to inform

To which type of general speech purpose do the terms defining, clarifying, illustrating, and elaborating refer?

to inform

The term often used to describe the rhythm in your voice that occurs when your pitch goes up at the end of your sentences, making you sound like you are unsure of what you are talking about as your sentences sound like questions is:

uptalk

This is not an effective conclusion technique.

use propaganda

When in doubt about whether the information you are considering using in a speech is commonly known, as a speaker you should:

use the information and cite the source

This is NOT a quality of written style.

uses slang

If you present a pro-life speech and get the pro-choice listeners to feel uncomfortable with their positions, you have effectively used the persuasive technique of

using cognitive dissonance.

Tia is the moderator for a symposium presentation on "Gender Bias in the Workplace." After each member has spoken, the floor is opened for questions. Rex stands up and asks Tia, "How did you decide on such a stupid topic for this presentation?" How does the textbook recommend Tia respond?

"I believe you'd like to know how we decided on this topic. Well..."

XXXX meanings of words are not normally found in the dictionary.

Connotative

True/False: Aristotle used the term ethos to refer to a speaker's competence.

False

True/False: As long as you are using copy written material for an educational purpose, you never have to worry about getting prior permission from the holder of the copyright.

False

True/False: As some presentation aids speak for themselves; you don't really need to explain them.

False

True/False: As your audience already instinctively knows the organization of a demonstration speech, you do NOT need to orient them by describing the big picture.

False

True/False: Asking for the audience's age is an example of an open-ended question.

False

True/False: Audience diversity means only the ethnicity and cultural background of the audience members.

False

True/False: Audience members who are moving around and shifting in their seats are more likely to be attentive to what you are saying.

False

True/False: Audio or videotaping your speech rehearsal is NOT effective in improving your final speech performance.

False

True/False: Avoid personal knowledge and experiences when asked to deliver an impromptu speech.

False

True/False: Be sure to include the specific purpose statement on the delivery outline.

False

True/False: If your audience seems to be disagreeing with you, you should rely more on anecdotes and less on facts to present your case.

False

True/False: In a formal outline, you would use capital letters followed by a period (e.g., A.) in the third level of a formal outline.

False

True/False: In a speech organized in a cause-effect pattern, the cause must be covered first.

False

True/False: In a speech, use only one brief illustration at a time, so as not to confuse your audience.

False

True/False: In a symposium presentation, it is NOT necessary to have a moderator.

False

True/False: In an outline, a sub point should be indented to a point under the letter or number above it.

False

True/False: In choosing illustrations, it is better to find those that are atypical or completely new to the audience's experiences.

False

True/False: It is always preferable in a speech to use a model of an object rather than the object itself as a presentation aid.

False

True/False: It is an audience member's responsibility to properly encode a speaker's remarks.

False

True/False: It is best to only consider the audience, rather than your own personal experience, when selecting a topic.

False

True/False: Just like writers, it is seldom necessary for a speaker to repeat himself or herself; thus, redundancy should be avoided.

False

True/False: Language choice is not important, as "Sticks and stones can break my bones, but words will never hurt me."

False

True/False: Lay testimony is preferable to expert testimony because of its personal impact on an audience.

False

True/False: Maintaining constant direct eye contact is an advantage of manuscript speaking.

False

True/False: Manuscript speaking is recommended for beginning speakers because every word appears on the page, so they don't fumble for the right word.

False

True/False: Monroe's Motivated Sequence and Problem (Cause) Solution are really extremely different from each other.

False

True/False: Monroe's Motivated Sequence assumes that your audience is already aware that they need "something" and, thus, is focused only on emphasizing the benefits of the product or solution you are "selling."

False

True/False: Most cultures tend to organize and process information in a linear pattern.

False

True/False: Presentation aids just get in the way when making a group presentation.

False

True/False: Sophisticated and complex presentation aids are clear for the audience to understand.

False

True/False: Speeches on how to do something or how to make something are usually organized spatially.

False

True/False: The age of adult audience members has little effect on speech content.

False

True/False: The best types of illustrations are those that are not personal to the speaker.

False

True/False: There is little difference between a fact and an inference.

False

True/False: When practicing your speech, say the speech to yourself; practicing out loud will only make you more nervous.

False

True/False: Your speech must have exactly three (3) main points—no more and no less.

False

When persuading an unreceptive audience, speakers should present only one side of the issue.

False

Dwayne is giving an informative speech about methods of increasing memory capacity. He has four steps, each starting with a catchy word, such as Stop, Repeat, etc. What is the best way for Dwayne to help his audience retain his information?

He should enumerate the four steps on a transparency or PowerPoint to reinforce his message.

Allison has written and rewritten the central idea of her speech on "Dog Care." She finally comes up with "Dog care is very difficult." What is the problem with this central idea?

Her central idea is too vague.

XXXX refers to words unique to a speaker's particular hobby or profession.

Jargon

One excellent full-text database that includes periodicals, newspapers, government documents, and law journals is

LEXIS-NEXIS

Your office improvement committee at work has thoroughly discussed the problem of a noisy office environment. Now they are starting to generate possible solutions, but are getting bogged down by comments for or against certain ideas. What advice would help your group in this situation?

They should refrain from criticizing ideas until they have generated a full list.

Mindy and Karla are roommates; both are taking public speaking, but from different instructors. In preparation for an upcoming class speech, they select the same topic, work together in the library to gather the research, and draft an outline. They then each deliver the speech in their respective speech classes. Which of the following statements best pertains in this situation?

This is an ethical violation known as plagiarism, because the two roommates did not do their own original work in preparing the speech.

Matt is having problems coming up with an idea for a speech. He knows his fraternity keeps files of speeches and decides to look through these for an idea. He finds a great speech about bats, their value to ecology, and their habitat. Matt then decides to use it largely intact but goes to the Internet to update the sources. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

This is an ethical violation known as plagiarism.

What is one of the features of the standard outline form?

Use at least two subdivisions, if any, for each point.

One of the hardest things Lauren ever had to do was to give a speech eulogizing one of her best friends who had been killed in a car wreck. As Lauren was working on the speech, she remembered a funny incident that had happened to her and the friend. Should Lauren somehow work this story into the eulogy?

Yes; it can be helpful to include personal, tasteful humor in a eulogy.

Marissa's speaking notes were filled with drawings, words, and symbols. Is this an acceptable method for creating SPEAKING notes?

Yes; it's fine to prepare your speaking notes in any form, as long as they make sense to you.

Heather has been invited to speak to her daughter's fifth-grade class about her profession. Should Heather approach this presentation somewhat like she would a report? What is the best advice for Heather, in meeting this challenge?

Treat the presentation as a public relations speech, but adjust the language and technical level.

Jamal is presenting a speech explaining how the Electoral College works, including the reasons it was created, how the process works, and arguments pro and con on the process. True/False: This is an appropriate speech for an Informative presentation.

True

Miyuki is listening to a speech when she suddenly remembers something she was supposed to do earlier that day. Her facial expression changes from an attentive look to a displeased frown. Even though Miyuki's nonverbal expression isn't due to what was being said in the speech, Miyuki is still sending the speaker feedback.

True

Selecting, attending, understanding, and remembering are all a part of active listening.

True

True/False: Of attitudes, beliefs, and value, attitudes are the most easily changed.

True

True/False: Once a group has selected the best solution, their final task is to test and implement the solution.

True

True/False: One common audience member response to cognitive dissonance is to simply stop listening to the speaker.

True

True/False: One important step in persuading receptive audiences is to make it easy for them to take action.

True

True/False: One of the benefits of understanding the communication model is that you can better design (or encode) your message based upon the channel and the receiver.

True

True/False: One of the purposes of a conclusion is to help your audience remember your main ideas.

True

True/False: The more nervous you get when speaking, the more you should seek opportunities to speak.

True

True/False: The preparation outline can be viewed as a map of your speech.

True

True/False: The preparation outline should be in standard outline form.

True

True/False: The primary goals of informative speaking are to present information that the audience can understand and remember, while maintaining their interest.

True

True/False: The principle of recency means that an audience will best remember your last supporting point.

True

True/False: The speech introduction should not only introduce the topic of the speech, but also should establish rapport with the audience and give them a reason to listen.

True

If you are worried about speaking too fast in a speech, should you write "slow down"-type notes to yourself on your delivery outline?

Yes; notes written in the margins of a delivery outline can help a speaker adjust the delivery.

Right before her speech, Tasha says in her mind, "I can DO this. I am excited about sharing this material with my audience. I am a powerful, confident speaker." Is this is a helpful technique to reduce nervousness and build confidence?

Yes, this is a nerve-calming technique the text refers to as giving yourself a mental pep talk.

Your brain is fried, and you just cannot come up with a creative topic for an assigned speech. As a last resort, you fire up your computer and search the Web looking for something to spark your interest. Is this advisable, according to your textbook?

Yes; scanning Web directories may be an effective strategy to find a speech topic.

Jennifer was giving a speech about date rape and wanted to use the statistic "66% of all college women experience date rape while they are in college." To best demonstrate this figure, she can use all of the following EXCEPT:

a drawing.

Something that is true because it can be directly observed or proved is

a fact.

For Amy's five-minute informative speech, she has chosen the topic of women in government. She has many sources and clear main ideas. However, Amy runs way over time during her actual speech presentation. What is the likely problem in this instance?

a failure to appropriately narrow your speech topic

Reasoning that occurs when one attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate is

a fallacy.

If you were to say the following in a speech, what form of supporting material would you be utilizing? "A planet is a living thing, like a flower that must be cared for, or it will wither and die."

a figurative analogy

In a speech, Aisha says: "You should now understand the three most-recommended methods for improving your ability to recall people's names: the repetition method, the word-association method, and the visual imagery method. I hope you will put these methods into practice and you will remember my name the next time you see me in the hall." What device is Aisha making use of in her speech?

a final summary

An effective presentation aid that can be used to summarize comments from audience members during a presentation is

a flip chart.

In this type of group presentation, audience members ask questions and direct comments to the group; the group members respond with brief impromptu speeches.

a forum presentation

A presentation aid which represents statistical data is

a graph

When Nicole said, "It is dangerous to work in a fast food restaurant at night. I used to work in one and I was robbed one night," you recognized this fallacy as

a hasty generalization.

Paula is asked to deliver a speech that sets the tone for a childcare conference. What type of special-occasion speech will she give?

a keynote address

A group leader who allows complete freedom for discussions and decisions, but participates in neither is

a laissez faire leader.

What form of supporting material is being utilized in the following question: "If many states profit from the institution of a lottery, why can't our home state do the same?"

a literal analogy

If a speaker says, "Tonight, I'm going to discuss with you two reasons why everyone should recycle, including cost-saving benefits and the problems waste creates in the environment," you recognize this as

a preview of main ideas.

Telling your audience your main ideas before you begin to develop your speech is a

a preview.

A speech organizational pattern which goes one step beyond cause and effect to discuss ways to alter, fix, or correct an effect is termed

a problem-solution pattern.

When your proposition in a persuasive speech focuses on whether something is true or false, it is

a proposition of fact.

When a proposition in a persuasive speech focuses on changing a procedure, a law, or a behavior, it is

a proposition of policy.

Britt's central idea was to persuade her audience to consider voting for an anti-smoking bill in the community. She was using what type of proposition?

a proposition of value.

When a proposition in a persuasive speech focuses on having the listener judge the work or importance of something, it is

a proposition of value.

A work-related speech in which you address an audience outside of your organization about what your group does or a special project that your group would like support for is

a public relations speech

At the monthly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce, a representative from a local tour bus company makes a presentation about the economic advantages for using her company's services for visiting dignitaries. What kind of special-occasion speech is this?

a public relations speech

The most common type of work-related presentation asking you how to increase sales or communicate policy or information is

a report.

When using brief illustrations, it is often stronger to use

a series of brief illustrations.

An examination by the speaker of the time and place of the speech, size of the expected audience, and the speaking occasion is

a situational analysis.

In her outline for her speech about the importance of establishing a daily exercise routine, Michelle sums up her goal for the speech in the following statement: "At the end of my speech, the audience will be inspired to initiate a daily exercise routine." You recognize this statement as

a specific purpose statement.

"At the end of my speech, my audience will understand the basic principle of flight" is an example of

a specific purpose.

A special-occasion speech in which one of your goals is to build another speaker's credibility is

a speech of introduction.

"Remember, the average American generates over 200 pounds of trash a year." This statement is an example of

a startling statistic.

The specific purpose is

a statement of what your audience should be able to do after your speech.

When Kristen said, "So we must all do something to end domestic violence; we must all be prepared to confront this issue in our own neighborhoods and homes, so that we become part of the solution, not part of the problem," you recognize this as

a statement to motivate the audience to respond.

A public discussion with a moderator in which a series of short speeches is presented to an audience is

a symposium presentation.

The instructor assigned Jan to be the group's leader, but others in the group have come to resent her. She rarely lets other group members offer suggestions and always controls how much gets accomplished. What's the term for Jan's leadership style?

authoritarian

When you find out as much about your audience's needs, interests, and expectations prior to selecting a topic, you are fulfilling which guideline for selecting a topic?

consider the audience

Anna is giving a speech on the basic functions of the Electoral College. As the presentation gets under way, she cannot figure out how to advance to her first slide, and ends up not using her visual aid. What guideline for selecting and using presentation aids was violated?

considering her own skill and experience with equipment

The environment or situation in which a speech occurs is termed

context

A form of communication which has much in common with modern public speaking is

conversation.

Joe is a former world weight lifter and professional body builder. He is preparing an informative speech on the abuse of steroids in physical fitness. Through his personal experiences, what quality can Joe add to the presentation of his speech?

credibility

The audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism is termed

credibility.

A listener who is able to evaluate the reasoning, logic, and quality of the speaker's ideas is a(n):

critical listener.

Given the task of preparing a speech, Susan decides to speak from an outline that can help her sound conversational and spontaneous. She wants to be able to adapt her remarks to the feedback she receives from the audience. She also wants to make more eye contact with the audience. What method of delivery will be best, given Susan's speech goals?

extemporaneous speaking

Follow these guidelines for preparing presentation aids EXCEPT:

include as much information as possible on each aid.

Being an audience-centered public speaker

influences every step of the speech making process.

Dave has signed up to be last in the speaking order because his twenty-first birthday was the day before and he just had to celebrate. He feels so badly after the celebration that he doesn't even realize it's time for him to speak until the teacher calls his name...twice. What is Dave experiencing?

internal noise

The term "periodicals" refers to

magazines and journals.

The more experts who support your viewpoint and the larger the numbers you cite reflect a principle within selecting the best supporting material known as

magnitude

Near the end of her introduction to her speech on Henrietta Lacks, Jana says, "Many of us owe our lives to a woman we don't even know." Jana is:

making her topic significant/relevant to her audience.

If you use the word "subscription" when you meant to say "prescription" ("I need to stop by the pharmacy to pick up my subscription"), you would be using:

malapropism

Tonya was watching her audience carefully during her speech. After a few minutes, she noticed several class members staring at her with a glazed look in their eyes. She immediately picked up the speed of her speech and moved on to a colorful visual. What was Tonya responding to?

nonverbal audience cues

It is important to know the approximate education level of your audience because

people with more education usually have a larger and more varied vocabulary.

Nick is really worried about his statistics exam after lunch, and isn't really listening to his speech instructor. The listening barrier here is

personal concerns.

In her speech about poor voter turnout, Mollie challenges her audience to register and to actually go out and vote at the next election. The general purpose of her speech was to

persuade

The process of changing or reinforcing a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors" is a definition of:

persuasion

The process of changing or reinforcing a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is

persuasion.

What can a speaker add to his or her speech that will likely appeal to most members of a very diverse audience?

photographs

During the first day of speeches, you had a bad sinus infection and your ears were plugged so you couldn't hear the speakers. Based upon the Communication Model, you (as the speaker) were experiencing:

physiological noise

During the first day of speeches you had a bad sinus infection and your ears were plugged so you couldn't hear the speakers. You were experiencing:

physiological noise.

How do you select the resources which will have the most value in preparing for your speech?

preview and rank them

A good speaker will provide what the textbook calls "information handles" to enable the listener to understand the message. These include

previews, signposts, and summaries.

Vocal volume is increased by

projecting more air through your larynx.

Trying to determine what an audience believes or thinks about a speech topic is termed

psychological analysis.

"Will your future include a corner office with a massive desk and hefty salary or will it include burgers, shakes and fires?" This statement is an example of a(n):

question

"We all know that a picture is worth a thousand words. But, in pictures, aren't we smiling?' This statement is an example of a(n)

question.

The three major divisions of a speech are

the introduction, the body, and the conclusion.

In most cases, when you cite your research in an oral presentation like the academic speeches we do in class, you should include all of the following EXCEPT:

the page number of a hard copy source (like a newspaper) or the entire web address where you found the information ("according to http://www.ilovechocolate.com").

The speaker's outline which contains the specific purpose, the introduction, all main ideas with supporting material, and a conclusion is

the preparation outline.

Brendan argues, in his persuasive speech, "What starving people need first is food and clean water not counseling about the sad state of their governments, not advice about ways to attract new industry, and not pity over the loss of their self-esteem." What principle of persuasive speaking is Brendan effectively utilizing?

the principle that basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level ones

What must balance the right to free speech?

the responsibility of speaking ethically

When presenting a report in your workplace, your general purpose is

to communicate information or policy.

A complete outline of your speech is necessary

to ensure logical divisions, reasons or steps.

The three types of general speech purposes are

to entertain, to inform, and to persuade.

What is the first step in preparing for an interview with someone about your speech topic?

to establish a purpose or objective for the interview

When a speaker shows the audience that the information presented will affect them directly, he or she is fulfilling which goal of information speaking?

to maintain interest

During your speech, you ask the audience to sign a petition increasing the amount of student parking areas. The general goal of the speech is to

to persuade.

If you want to inform an audience about three risky behaviors related to contracting HIV, which organizational pattern would work best?

topical

When your central idea naturally divides into various areas to be supported, the organizational pattern is

topical

A contemporary leadership style that involves the process of influencing others by sharing a vision of the future, and by inspiring and helping them to see how their efforts are related to a larger framework is

transformational leadership.

The process of listeners relating material to their own experiences and knowledge is to

understand

Marco is preparing a speech on the basic principles underlying nuclear physics. Justifiably, he is concerned about the technical terms in his speech because it is highly likely that his audience will not be familiar with this topic. If Marco doesn't translate the terms into recognizable forms, what aspect of the listening process will be hampered for his listeners?

understanding

All of the following are effective strategies for using words EXCEPT this technique.

use ambiguous words

An enduring conception of what you perceive as right or wrong, good or bad, is a

value

Darah wants to persuade her audience that refusing to allow boats of Haitian refugees who are HIV positive to dock in U.S. ports is inexcusable. You recognize this as a proposition of

value

"Colorizing classic movies, such as Casablanca, is wrong because it violates the artistic integrity of such movies." This statement is a persuasive claim of:

value.

In the process of persuading your audience, the most difficult to change is your listeners'

values.

A speaker transmits a message through two channels:

visual and auditory.

What is affected by a speaker's posture and gestures?

visual communication channel

What is the term for such words and sounds as "er," "you know," "okay," and "um"?

vocalized pauses

What aspects of vocal delivery are directly related to the obligation of a speaker to be understood by an audience?

volume, articulation, dialect and pronunciation

In this, the twenty-first century of a new era in speechmaking,

we know that understanding different cultures is necessary.

What is preferable as speaking notes?

whatever system makes sense and works best for the speaker

Ethically, if you are uncertain about attributing sources in a speech, your text suggests

when in doubt, orally document all of your sources in a speech.

When is it a good idea to use expert testimony in a speech?

when your topic is controversial

According to the textbook, looking for audience members that are smiling at you, making eye contact, and nodding

will make you feel more confident.

The types of outlines used most commonly in public speaking are:

working, final, and speaking.

Routine summaries at meetings, reports to the board, sales pitches to clients, and training seminars for coworkers are all examples of

workplace public speaking.

Aristotle defined XXXX as persuasion relying upon the credibility of the speaker.

ethos

Standing in front of an audience with one hand on your hip is a problem gesture termed

"broken wing."

In his speech on varying explanations of how the earth came into existence, Eduardo begins with opinions, moves to inferences, and uses scientific facts in support of his last point. What principle of supporting material organization is Eduardo reflecting in his speech?

"soft" to "hard" evidence

Mandy's "save the whales" speech was very effective because she started off with some stories about whales, then she moved into facts, statistics, and sources. Which principle of support material organization did Mandy effectively use in her speech?

"soft" to "hard" evidence

Which problem gesture consists of clasping hands in front of yourself, and letting them drop?

"the fig leaf clutch"

How many criteria were listed in the video lecture for what constitutes a good speech?

9

XXXX occurs when a sentence has two parts with parallel structures, but contrasting meaning.

Antithesis

Native speakers from XXXX tend to make their points indirectly, expecting audiences to determine the main ideas by analyzing the themes and messages of stories shared by the speaker.

Asia

Knowing that he was speaking to a culturally diverse audience, Buck arrived early to his speaking engagement to hear the presentations of some international persons whom he knew would be in his audience later. What kind of observations are most important for Buck to make in order to adapt his speech to that audience?

Buck should observe the speaker's eye contact and gestures.

Sheena's informative speech was on the life of Marie Curie. She covered Curie's early life and marriage, her scientific achievements despite the prejudice against her as a woman, and finally, the importance of Curie's discoveries on modern life. She concluded her introduction by previewing all the main points, then used an internal summary as a transition to each of the main ideas. In her conclusion, she summarized main ideas, emphasizing the importance of Marie Curie's life. What strategy to enhance audience recall was Sheena using?

Building in redundancy.

XXXX fonts are designed to convey a feeling or tone.

Decorative

The closer to the time for Dennis to present his speech, the more anxious he became. During the speech just before his, Dennis felt his heart pounding. He felt as though he would forget everything he planned to say. Which of the following statements best reflects this situation?

Dennis is experiencing a form of anxiety that is common to public speakers.

Alexis is using photographs of her recent trip to Greece in her informative speech about Modern Greek culture. How can she best incorporate her photos into the presentation?

Enlarge or project them.

Eric was an excellent cook and so decided to present a speech on "The American Art of Barbeque" to his German audience. He was quite flamboyant with a chef's outfit, broad gestures, and a real grill. His audience did not seem to appreciate his speech? What could be the problem?

Eric didn't realize that Germans are a low-context culture.

Which of the following statements about preparing presentation aids is recommended by your textbook?

Establish a consistent graphic theme.

The central idea for your speech on "Use sunscreen" just will not break itself down into logical divisions. Rather than forget this topic and try to find one that divides more logically, what does your text suggest you do?

Establish reasons why your central idea is true.

In Ted's speech on surfing, he is trying to decide whether or not to tell the audience in his introduction that he has been a surfer since he was just a kid. He wonders if this will help or hurt his credibility. What textbook advice about speaker credibility applies here?

Fairly early in the speech, Ted should give a brief, credibility-building explanation of his experience with the topic.

Ethnocentrism means that you value other cultures more than you value your own.

False

In a Reference page, you see an entry that looks like this: True/False: You can tell by its formatting that the reference style is MLA.

False

Tara was really nervous before her final class speech, but she just kept concentrating on how important she believed her message to be. She felt convinced in her message, and that conviction finally helped her to dispel her nervousness before the presentation. Which tip about developing confidence in public speaking does this example reflect?

Focus on the message rather than on your fear.

XXXX relies upon exaggeration, and is often humorous.

Hyperbole

A useful Internet index of periodicals, which contains a collection of indexes through a single company is

Info Trac.

The basic types of oral presentations are:

Informative, Persuasive, Special Occasion

Jason says in his speech: "Drug abuse in America's cities is on the rise every day. About 20% more elementary school kids get hooked on narcotics today than in the 1960's. So, we can easily see that we've got a big problem. Now let's talk about what we can do about it." What is Jason's error here?

Jason failed to cite the source of his supporting material.

Jason had thoroughly researched his speech on the art of tattooing. He had many different types of supporting material; the speech was well organized. He was certain that this was a great speech. In the library, right before the speech, he printed out his complete outline. When presenting his speech to the class, he had to read from his outline and became nervous and anxious. Which of the following statements best pertains to this situation?

Jason procrastinated and didn't have time to rehearse his speech aloud and on his feet.

Jason has thoroughly researched his speech on the art of tattooing. He had many different types of supporting material and the speech was well organized. He was certain that this was a great speech. Right before the speech, he printed out his complete outline, and used this when presenting his speech to the class, essentially reading directly from it. Which of the following statements best pertains to this situation?

Jason procrastinated and didn't have time to rehearse his speech aloud and on his feet.

Marcie was conducting an interview with the local homeless shelter supervisor. The supervisor kept answering "Yes" or "No" to all of Marcie's questions. Marcie was getting frustrated because she was not getting the material she needed. What was the problem here?

Marcie had planned only close-ended questions and forgot to follow up by asking "Why?"

XXXX are a type of visual aid that shows relationships between two or more variables.

Line graphs

Stuart has always been a nervous public speaker, but this time he's going to prepare an outline that will really help him calm his nerves and build his confidence. He's going to completely write out his introduction and conclusion and include them on his delivery outline. Is this advisable, according to your textbook?

No; he should only write the first sentence of the intro and final sentence of the conclusion, if needed.

"Sighted sub sank sub" is an example of what stylistic device(s)?

Omission

Your general speech topic is dog obedience, and you have arranged an interview with an authority. What is your next task?

Plan for the interview by conducting research and planning specific questions.

Once you have found adequate verbal sources as supporting material for a speech, what should you do, according to your text?

Plan possible presentation aids.

"For the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession," is an example of what stylistic device(s)?

Suspension

Regina's demonstration speech topic was "Three Ways to Improved Photography." In this speech, Regina showed a 35mm camera, used a chart with an enlarged diagram of the main components of the camera, and then showed 4" x 6" photographs--some good and some with errors--to the audience. Which of the following statements best summarizes Regina's use of presentation aids in this speech?

Regina should have enlarged the photographs so the audience could clearly see them.

XXXX refers to words that reflect a speaker and audience's geographical background.

Regionalism

How can you best use people as presentation aids in a speech?

Rehearse with the person; then, introduce the individual to the audience just before his or her participation.

You have been asked to present an after-dinner speech to the local Rotary club. This request fills you with terror since you're not a naturally funny person. What should you do?

Relate to the occasion, the audience and prepare a speech that is lighthearted.

XXXX occurs when a key word or phrase gives rhythm and power to a message, making it memorable.

Repetition

XXXX fonts are clean and clear, oftentimes conveying a feeling of strength.

Sans serif

XXXXX fonts imitate handwriting and can often be hard to read.

Script

Martina is concerned about her introductory speech for the guest speaker at her banquet. What should Martina keep in mind?

She should introduce the topic and the speaker, briefly and accurately.

Wanda, who is engaged, was excited about her informative speech because she liked her topic: planning a wedding. However, during the speech, the audience seemed distracted and disinterested. Given this information about the situation, what was Wanda's mistake?

She was speaker-centered rather than audience-centered in her topic selection.

XXXX is a figure of speech comparing two things using the term "like" or "as."

Simile

Overall, speakers from XXXX are more animated in their use of gestures.

The United States

Alan listened carefully to Raoul's speech about selecting the best beach for a spring break trip. He analyzed Raoul's effectiveness as a speaker and evaluated it as a success. Which three criteria did Alan use for the evaluation and analysis of a speech?

The message should be understood by the audience, achieve its purpose, and be ethical.

The speaker spoke so softly that audience members were straining to hear. They tried signaling the speaker by cupping their ears and giving a "thumbs up" sign so as to encourage the speaker to increase the volume. Finally, someone from the back of the room shouted "Louder please." Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

The speaker ignored important audience feedback.

Which of the following would be a preview statement for a speech on the films of American film-maker Steven Spielberg?

We'll focus on three key films that Steven Spielberg made: The Sugarland Express, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and the Indiana Jones series.

Maria worked on her preparation outline for a long time and is satisfied with it. She practices several times from it, and then transfers her speaking outline onto note cards. She decides to put her introduction on one card, each main idea on a separate card, her conclusion on another card. Each card is a different color. Is this a good idea?

Yes, because delivery notes are personal and can be any format

One day after a presentation, most audience members will remember

about half of it.

The willingness to listen to different viewpoints and understand beliefs and values other than your own is known as

accommodation.

Presentation aids help listeners do all of the following EXCEPT

act.

When a persuasive speaker attacks the person supporting an issue rather than the issue itself, which fallacy is the speaker committing?

ad hominem

The leadership style that works best when leading groups and teams is

adaptable to each situation.

Comparing a personal computer to a filing cabinet is an example of

analogy

As an audience member who is listening ethically, it is essential to

consider diverse cultural norms in the speech context.

When someone, who is a recognized authority in a specialized area, states his/her opinion, this is considered

expert testimony.

Matt is listening to a persuasive speech on assisted suicide. He feels uncomfortable because he is beginning to question his own opinion. What is the best term for what Matt is experiencing?

cognitive dissonance

The sense of discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previous attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors is

cognitive dissonance.

Kevin argues that smoking marijuana must not be harmful because "everyone does it." He is using the ____ fallacy?

bandwagon / ad populum

Shylah states in her persuasive speech, "Marijuana is a safe alternate to alcohol. I know this because most of my friends use it and they're fine." You recognize this fallacy as

bandwagon.

Shylah states in her persuasive speech, "Marijuana is a safe alternate to alcohol. I know this because most of my friends use it and they're fine." You recognize this fallacy as

bandwagon/ad populum.

A good guideline for impromptu speaking is

be brief.

The three goals of an informative speech are to present information so that your audience will

be interested, understand, and remember.

When called upon to give an impromptu toast at a wedding, it is best to

be sincere, if you can't be witty.

Why should you use complete sentences in a preparation outline, according to the text?

because this will help you judge the coherence of the speech

Considering the needs, interests, and expectations of listeners during the entire speech preparation process is called

being audience-centered.

Something you understand to be true or false is a

belief.

In a psychological analysis, which of the following concepts are what the audience asserts are true or false?

beliefs

An informative speech has been assigned, so Angel starts to worry about what he can possibly present to his class. That night he takes out a blank sheet of paper and just starts writing down every possible idea for a speech topic that he can think of. What is Angel doing?

brainstorming

Malcolm is troubled by his attempts to find a topic for his persuasive speaking assignment. After thumbing through magazines and books to find a topic, Malcolm still can't come up with any decent ideas. When he thinks of something, he immediately dismisses it saying, "That's a lousy topic; the audience will be bored." What technique should Malcolm utilize in this situation?

brainstorming

When you make a list of your own interests, and just begin writing as many topics related to these as you can think of without stopping to consider them, you are using a technique known as

brainstorming

Lawanda just didn't want to change her stance on capital punishment, but Jack's argument did make her think twice about her position. However, instead of being persuaded, Lawanda dismissed the arguments by deeming Jack's facts unreliable. How has Lawanda responded to her own cognitive dissonance in this instance?

by attacking the credibility of Jack's sources

Speeches delivered to celebrate a past event or to honor a particular person are

commemorative addresses.

What is the best method to improve manuscript speaking?

speak with vocal variety

When your supervisor at work is giving you directions on how to handle a hostile customer, you would most likely be engaged in _____ listening.

comprehensive / informational / practical

Emily has been asked to speak to a group of her colleagues at work about a new project, but she wonders, "What do these people already know about this project, and are they excited about it?" These questions reflect Emily's

concern about the interests and knowledge of her audience.

The sending and receiving of messages during a speech is

concurrent (or simultaneous) between speaker and audience.

An effective way to keep an audience's attention is to tell a story. According to your text, what are elements that make a good story?

conflict, action, suspense

You used to have a nasty habit of using filler phrase ("um," "ah," "you know," etc.) when you spoke and, after intense focus, you think you have finally gotten rid of them. However, you find yourself slipping back into that bad habit unless you pay close attention to your behavior—then you can manage to communicate without those fillers. This is most likely an example of the _____ level of competency, according to Abraham Maslow?

conscious competence

Experienced speakers often avoid XXXX before speaking.

caffeine

Noise in the communication process

can be external or internal

When Jo argues in her speech that the reason that there are so many earthquakes in California is the presence of the San Andreas Fault, she is using what kind of reasoning?

causal

Bianca began her speech with a vivid description of the typical waiting area in an emergency room of a public hospital. After completing the description, she began to discuss why emergency rooms have come to represent a critical problem within the health care system. What organizational pattern can you detect in Bianca's speech?

cause-effect

Deanna makes the claim in her persuasive speech that unregulated car emissions in major urban areas worldwide contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer, which contributes to global warming. Which type of organizational pattern is reflected in this example?

cause-effect

Jim, an avid music fan, wrote as part of his speech outline: "Censorship of the music industry violates our First Amendment right to free speech." This statement reflects Jim's

central idea or thesis

Jim, an avid music fan, wrote as part of his speech outline: "Censorship of the music industry violates our First Amendment right to free speech." This statement reflects Jim's

central idea or thesis.

A complete, declarative sentence that summarizes your speech is known as the

central idea.

The general purpose of a persuasive speech is to

change or reinforce an audience's beliefs and/or urge action.

When a speaker alternately tenses and relaxes their muscles before speaking, this reflects a strategy of coping with nervousness that your text refers to as

channeling your nervous energy.

A form of dynamism, often projected through delivery, that occurs when a speaker is perceived as charming, talented, and magnetic is

charisma.

What technique in selecting a speech topic will best motivate both your research and delivery?

choose a topic of interest to you

For his informative speech, Javier wants to trace the development of strained relations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Army. Which organizational pattern lends itself best to this topic?

chronological

When explaining the progress of molecular discoveries, Guilherme began by discussing Mendel's 1866 studies about inheritance of biological traits in peas, ending with recent information about the human genome project. Which pattern of organization would best suit Guilherme's speech?

chronological

The ultimate goal of the planning period with your outline is to

ensure that all main ideas and sub points are clearly and logically arranged and adequately supported.

Communication that is truthful, fair, responsible, and shows respect for self and others is termed

ethical communication.

Our beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong are our

ethics.

The nineteenth-century practice of delivering famous speeches from history, instead of writing one's own speeches, is

declamation

When an audience member translates the speaker's verbal and nonverbal messages into information and ideas, this process is known as

decoding.

Which type of reasoning involves organizing an argument using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion?

deductive reasoning

A figurative analogy is

in the form of a metaphor or simile.

Malachi loves horses, so for his demonstration speech he wants to show his audience the proper way to groom a horse. Instead of bringing a live horse for the speech, what does your textbook suggest a speaker should do in Malachi's situation?

A speaker should use a three-dimensional model of an object when the object is too large to be easily used as a presentation aid for a speech.

Brent was presenting a speech on Type I diabetes, a disease that he had suffered from for years. He decided not to mention this fact to his audience. Which statement concerning Brent's speech is the most accurate?

A speaker's personal experience makes him more credible to his audience.

Alice knew that her speech was good. It was an interesting recounting of a classical music performance that her fellow orchestra members had enjoyed. But when delivering the same speech to her public speaking class, she noticed that the audience seemed bored and inattentive. What is the problem?

A speech must be adapted to your specific audience.

Jeb is really very intelligent, but when he gives speeches he tends to go monotone, and doesn't move around much or use many gestures. Most listeners have trouble tuning in to Jeb, even though his speech content is often excellent. Which tip to increase your listening efficiency best applies in this instance?

Adapt to the speaker's delivery by trying to find ways to benefit from the information.

Which of the following is a generally accepted principle of adult learning?

Adults like to be actively involved in the learning process.

Which of the following is a theory that helps explain how to motivate people?

All of the items listed are theories that explain how to motivate people

Which of the following is true about the use and types of presentation aids?

All of the items listed are true about the use and types of presentation aids.

XXXX occurs when a consonant sound is repeated several times in a phrase, clause or sentence.

Alliteration

In a speech about how Texas became a state, Martina provided three main points and delivered them in a chronological pattern. Two of her classmates, Anna and Donna, were discussing the speech the next day. Anna remembered Martina's three main points while Donna only remembered the story used in the introduction. Who was the better listener, according to the textbook's tips to enhance listening skills?

Anna was the better listener because she followed the tip, "Listen for major ideas."

XXXX is NOT considered an element of dialect.

Articulation pattern

What are the five steps, in order, of Monroe's Motivated Sequence? As this is auto graded, the format of your answers is key here: Put each word/step on a single line, separated by a comma and a space. Example: one, two, three, four, five Please try to spell the words correctly and use the wording Monroe did (for example, don't put "-ing" on the end if Monroe didn't put" -ing" at the end) This is NOT case sensitive, so you don't have to worry about that.

Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action

XXXX are a type of visual that consists of flat areas of varying lengths used to represent information.

Bar graphs

What two criteria are most important when making a speech of introduction?

Be brief and accurate.

Grace knew her speech backwards and forwards. She rehearsed it over and over, timing it to make sure she didn't run over the time limit. When she actually delivered the speech, she found herself much less nervous and much more confident than she expected to be. Which guideline for developing confidence provided in your text applies here?

Be prepared.

Cecily thought that she had a great speech. She had thoroughly researched and organized it, and had a good speaking outline. She read her outline silently to herself over and over before her presentation. When Cecily finally presented her speech, she lost her place, stumbled over words, and dropped her visual aids. What important preparation step did Cecily skip?

Cecily forgot to rehearse her speech out loud, standing, with her visuals.

During her speech to a student group about the importance of voter registration, Celine spoke very casually, sat on the table in the front of the room, and was dressed in shorts and an old t-shirt. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

Celine ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal than conversation.

If you say, "Steven Spielberg is one of the greatest American film-makers of all times, leading Time Magazine to list him in the number XX spot on their top 100 Greatest People of the 20th century," you are using which of the following methods of citing source?

Claim, Source, Support

For her speech about toxic waste dumping, Claire sets up an interview with a campus professor who has conducted extensive research on the subject. When Claire arrived at the interview, she had a hard time understanding the information due to her lack of specific knowledge. What was Claire's mistake?

Claire made a mistake in not having enough background information about the subject.

When you make an acceptance speech, what is important to keep in mind?

Comment on the meaning or the significance of the award to you.

Travis presented a speech that consisted of a long list of statistics on auto sales in the United States. What technique should he have used to clarify and add interest to these statistics?

Compare the statistics to something the audience knows.

Travis presented a speech that consisted of a long list of statistics on auto sales in the United States. What technique should Travis have used to help clarify and add interest to these statistics?

Compare the statistics to something the audience knows.

Which of the following is true about using computer-generated graphics (clip art, animations, etc.) in a presentation?

Computer graphics can be over-used, resulting in distracting rather than aiding the presentation.

You think you want to do your persuasive speech on capital punishment, taking the stance that capital punishment is barbaric and should be abolished. But before you craft this speech, you would like to learn your audience's views on the subject. What should you do?

Conduct an analysis to reveal your audience's attitudes on the subject.

What is the best advice for timing the use of presentation aids in a speech?

Display presentation aids to correspond with points in your speech.

Sandy decided that she needed almost all of her material on her delivery outline because she had so many statistics and direct quotations. She liked to use note cards, but was distressed to find she had fifteen. When delivering the speech, she dropped her cards and lost her place. What can help a speaker avoid a situation like this?

Don't have too many cards, if possible; always be sure and number them.

In his speech on how to prepare the perfect cup of coffee, Marco says, "I've been working at Starbucks coffee for 2 years now, and in that time I've learned many tricks to make sure coffee is brewed right." True/False: In this case, Marco is establishing extrinsic ethos.

False

In the movie, Cool Hand Luke, Captain claims, "What we have here is a failure to communicate." True/False: This demonstrates the belief that communication is such a powerful tool that it can overcome all problems, which is one of the principles of communication.

False

James begins his speech on the history of garlic with, "According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, early 18th-century French gravediggers added this common plant to wine to protect them from the plague, and during both World Wars I and II, soldiers were given this same plant to prevent gangrene. What am I talking about? Something every single one of you likely has in your spice cabinet: Garlic." True/False: This would be an example of an illustration technique for a speech introduction.

False

James begins his speech on the history of garlic with, "According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, early 18th-century French gravediggers added this common plant to wine to protect them from the plague, and during both World Wars I and II, soldiers were given this same plant to prevent gangrene. What am I talking about? Something every single one of you likely has in your spice cabinet: Garlic." True/False: This would be an example of an illustration technique for a speech introduction.

False

The preparation outline is typically used by a speaker during the speech.

False

True/False: "It is wrong to avoid jury duty" is a proposition of policy.

False

True/False: "My life is a roller coaster ride, complete with the dips and curves along the way" is an example of antithesis.

False

True/False: "The National Epilepsy Foundation notes that one in ten adults will experience a seizure at some point in their lifetime" is an example of making a problem relevant to your audience.

False

True/False: "The U.S. Department of Education reports that one in five U.S. adults reads below a 5th grade level" is an example of making a problem relevant to your audience.

False

George shows Laura his delivery outline for an upcoming speech. After glancing at it, Laura criticizes George for including supporting material and signposts in his delivery outline. Who is right?

George is right because supporting material and signposts should be included in a delivery outline.

Gina shows her preparation outline to a classmate, Fran, who says that Gina has done it wrong because she used complete sentences instead of key phrases or single words. According to your textbook, who's right?

Gina, because a preparation outline should be drafted in complete sentences.

The group got together at Ted's apartment to work out a problem. First they made sure everyone had a clear sense of what the problem was; then they began to analyze it. What is going on in this group situation?

Group members are effectively going through the reflective thinking process.

Thomas was asked to make a presentation to a Sunday-morning church school class of senior citizens, so he decided to treat the event like an after-dinner speech and planned a humorous speech. What error did Thomas make in preparing for this speech?

He forgot to consider the audience and the occasion.

When John gave his speech about the college application process to his fellow high school seniors, they seemed to enjoy it. However, when he gave the same speech to an audience of junior high age students, they appeared bored. What mistake did John most likely make?

He needed to accommodate his audience.

When John gave his speech about the college application process to his fellow high school seniors, they seemed to enjoy it. But when he gave the same speech to junior high age students, they appeared bored. What mistake did John make?

He needed to accommodate his audience.

Savannah, a native of Georgia, has a strong southern accent. Should Savannah try to tone down her dialect when she makes public presentations?

If Savannah's dialect is so pronounced that audiences can't understand her, then she should attempt to tone down her dialect.

What is the major benefit of using correct outline form?

It points out relationships between ideas and material.

Jewel had carefully planned presentation aids for her speech on "Quilting." She thoroughly demonstrated how to sew together the squares by hand, which required her to concentrate her eye contact on the quilt. What guideline for using presentation aids did Jewel violate?

Jewel focused on the presentation aid instead of the audience.

When Kalia quoted Samuel Jones in supporting her opposition to the war in Afghanistan, John became concerned. What aspect of critical listening had alerted John?

John did not know if Jones was an expert source as Kalia had not qualified him.

Karl is researching a speech on euthanasia. He knows that there are some excellent journal articles on the subject, but his university's small library doesn't carry the journals in which the articles appear. Karl has only a few days until he must give the speech; what should he do?

Karl should use a full-text database, like LEXIS/NEXIS, to attempt to locate complete texts of the journal articles.

How does your text advise you to adapt your speech delivery style for a high-context listener?

Keep your gestures and your facial expressions toned down.

In his persuasive speech, Li used several illustrations some brief, some extended, and some hypothetical. He decided that this form of supporting material would be more powerful and memorable than dry statistics or definitions. Which of the following statements best applies to this situation?

Li's over-reliance on illustrations shows that he ignored the text's advice about using a variety of types of supporting material.

In his persuasive speech, Li used several illustrations—some brief, some extended, and some hypothetical. He decided that this form of supporting material would be more powerful and memorable than dry statistics or definitions, so he relied exclusively on this type of supporting material—not using alternative forms of support such as statistics or testimony. Which of the following statements best applies to this situation?

Li's over-reliance on one type of supporting materials (in this case, illustrations) shows that he ignored the textbook's advice about using a variety of types of supporting material.

When setting up a preliminary bibliography, it is necessary to use a consistent format in order to have all the information needed to locate and verify your sources. The two most commonly used formats for citing sources in a bibliography are

MLA and APA.

You've been assigned an informative speech in your public speaking class. You want to make a good grade and to present material the audience finds useful and interesting. What is the best way to accomplish your goals, according to your text?

Make sure the audience benefits from your speech.

Which of the following statements is the best guideline for using gestures in a speech?

Make your gestures appropriate to the situation and audience.

Marian is speaking to a group from China, which she knows is a high-context culture. How should she adapt her delivery style to this culture?

Marian should concentrate on her nonverbal delivery.

Mary Anne spoke to the local Chamber of Commerce, attempting to influence the members to work together to generate a more hospitable city for tourists. However, the members expected Mary Anne merely to tell them her findings on the city's progress in the last two years. Which of the following statements best pertains to this situation?

Mary Anne's problem was in her general speech purpose; she persuaded when she should have informed the audience.

In his speech about American loyalty and patriotism, Mike thought he had really reached everyone in his audience. However, after receiving classmates' written critiques of his speech, it seems as though his delivery and content offended a couple of international students in his class. Which of the following statements best explains this situation?

Mike's presentation likely contained an ethnocentric approach, one which has the potential to offend members of other cultures.

Barney was giving a speech on animal-borne diseases. When discussing each disease, his slides contained a definition, symptoms, risks, treatment and ways to prevent the disease. Was this an effective strategy?

No, because he didn't include a manageable amount of information on each slide.

Dick's delivery outline is five pages long and includes full paragraphs of explanation so that he won't forget anything during his speech. Is this wise, according to your textbook?

No, because the delivery outline should contain key words or phrases, not paragraphs.

Elena was giving her speech on why college athletes should be paid. In her PowerPoint, she uses an image of an attractive football player posing with his shirt off. Was using this picture helpful in persuading her audience?

No, because the image didn't complement the image created by her spoken words.

Sam was giving a speech on fast food restaurants and made each PowerPoint slide the representative color of individual chains. Was this an effective strategy?

No, because using too many colors often detracts from the message.

In a persuasive speech, you tell a hypothetical story in your introduction and represent it as actually happening to you. Is this appropriate?

No, because you are violating an ethical principle which requires that speakers be honest.

For a speech assignment, you find several articles on the Internet that are perfect for your speech topic. You copy the articles, then cut and paste the parts that you'll read as your speech. Is this ethical?

No, because you committed patchwork plagiarism.

Howard taped pictures of rainbows all around the room as presentation aids for his speech. He never referred to them, but simply created an atmosphere for his presentation. Was this appropriate?

No, because you should explain your presentation aids, not just show them.

Troung taped pictures of rainbows all around the room as presentation aids for his speech. He never referred to them, but felt they simply created an atmosphere for his presentation. Was this an appropriate use of presentation aids?

No, because you should explain your presentation aids, not just show them.

In a speech about organ donation, Nathan gave the audience a handout about the need for organs and the process for becoming an organ donor before his speech. Is this an effective use of presentation aids?

No; Nathan should have waited until the conclusion to hand this out as audience members will read what you give them.

In her keynote speech for a convention in town, Rose decided to announce her candidacy for mayor of the city. Her speech consisted mainly of her stances on various campaign issues. Was this appropriate for a keynote speech?

No; Rose's keynote address should stress the topic or purpose of the meeting and set a theme or tone.

On her way to public speaking class, Delaney decided to add one last presentation aid to her speech. Was this a good idea, according to your textbook?

No; because Delaney didn't have a chance to rehearse with the new aid.

A renowned philanthropist and well-respected national speaker gave the commencement address at Audrey's graduation ceremony. Audrey spoke of his concerns about rising crime rates for juveniles, of the problem of gang violence, and about crimes against women. Was this appropriate content for a commencement address?

No; because he didn't praise, inspire, or challenge the graduating class.

Although Bailey lives in a state where carrying concealed weapons is legal and socially acceptable, she wants to persuade her listeners that stricter handgun legislation is needed. Is she likely to persuade her audience to carry out this policy change?

No; but they might consider her argument.

Cass cited The National Enquirer as a source for a statistic she used on her speech about UFOs. Does this meet the text's guidelines for using statistics effectively in a speech?

No; she violated the guideline which states that you must use reliable sources for statistics.

When Keith gave his speech of introduction about an associate who was to be the main dinner speaker, Keith told a story about the colleague getting upset at a ball game and yelling at the umpire. Did Keith give an appropriate introduction?

No; the introducer should emphasize the credibility of the main speaker, not poke fun.

Eric wanted to use an excerpt from a Nightline episode, as both an audiovisual aid and a source for his speech. But he only agreed with and wanted to use one of the two guests' interactions with Ted Koppel, so he edited out the second guest and showed the edited videotape. Was this ethical?

No; this kind of "sound biting" violates the ethical guideline of using sound evidence and reasoning.

At his best friend's wedding, Ethan gave a long toast in which he told funny stories about high school days, past romances including broken hearts, and his first impressions of his best friend's new bride. Was this appropriate, according to your textbook advice on giving a toast?

No; toasts should be brief and appropriate for the audience and the occasion.

Shantal had a speech to prepare. She selected a topic, did her research, and sat down to draft the speech. She wrote out the introduction first, then wrote a version of the intro that she would use as a conclusion. Then she outlined the main points of the body of the speech. Is this a "textbook" way to organize a speech?

No; your text suggests starting with the body of the speech first, then going back and drafting the intro.

Peter is listening to a speech on stem cell research. He's trying to take down everything the speaker is saying because it seems that everything is important. Is this considered good listening, according to your text?

Not really, because taking down everything said can cause a listener to miss major ideas.

XXXX occurs when two or more clauses or sentences have the same grammatical pattern.

Parallelism

Mary Anne's group has been working hard and has now come up with several solutions to their problem. At this point, Mary Anne says, "Let's just list these and vote on the best one. It's the democratic way." What step has Mary Anne overlooked in the problem-solving process?

She forgot to have the group consider the pros and cons of each solution.

When Joan cited the huge numbers of people who were dying of starvation every day in Angola, her audience responded apathetically. Joan made every attempt to support her topic in provocative, ethical ways, but just couldn't seem to elicit the interest she wanted from her listeners. What suggestion best relates to this situation?

The information may not have had enough proximity to people's lives to generate interest.

Maggie has decided on an informative speech on the topic of dreaming. She finds three different articles that cover areas that she believes will be of interest to her audience. Although she credits these sources in her written citation page, she imports, intact, the ideas and support from these sources as her speech's main ideas and supporting material, without orally crediting the sources. Which of the following statements best pertains to this situation?

There is an ethical violation here known as patchwork plagiarism.

Todd gave a speech on the poor quality of local water. He brought in a test kit and demonstrated its impurity. He then advised purchasing a water filter pitcher guaranteed to remove these impurities. At the end of his speech, Todd mentioned that he worked for the company that made the pitcher, and had them for sale. What was Todd's biggest mistake?

Todd violated the ethical guideline of having a responsible goal for a speech.

Tracie is gathering sources of support for her persuasive speech on animal testing for medical purposes. She makes use of Web sources and has a great deal of relevant material. However, when outlining the speech, she can't find the source of many of the facts and statistics she plans to use. What is Tracie's problem?

Tracie needed a preliminary bibliography with all necessary material to locate the sources.

True/False: If the audience doesn't know who you are, one technique recommended to improve your credibility is to cite evidence by quoting or paraphrasing your research (along with its source).

True

True/False: If using any words at all, speakers should present only the key words on a presentation aid if the audience feels a need to jot them down.

True

True/False: If you divide a point into sub points, you must have at least two sub points to make this division.

True

True/False: If you have subpoint A in your preparation outline, you must have subpoint B as well (unless your single subpoint is an example).

True

True/False: If your audience seems confused or doesn't understand your point, you should be more redundant.

True

True/False: In explaining "why," a speaker can set up the causes for a cause-solution speech.

True

True/False: In informative speaking, it is important that your audience understand the new words and concepts you discuss in your speech.

True

True/False: In most cases, it is perfectly acceptable to have an assistant help you with presentation aids during your speech.

True

True/False: In terms of outcomes for persuasive speeches, the most difficult speech to be successful with is the speech to convince.

True

True/False: In terms of placement, the thesis/preview of your speech should come at the end of your introduction, right before you transition to the first main point of the body.

True

True/False: Inspirational appeals are a way to conclude a speech.

True

True/False: It is essential to evaluate Web resources before using them for speech research.

True

True/False: Japan would be considered a high-context culture.

True

True/False: John is a national candidate speaking to a local audience. He should customize his standard speech to include mention of the local community.

True

True/False: Keeping backup supplies is a good way to avoid unexpected problems with your visual aids.

True

True/False: Knowing an audience's cultural identity is a necessary part of audience analysis.

True

True/False: Knowing the criteria for what makes a good speech will help in non-speech situations, such as job interviews, contributions in group meetings, written memos, etc.

True

True/False: Listeners are more likely to be persuaded if you help them solve their problems or meet their needs.

True

True/False: Making direct reference to the audience is an excellent tactic if they seem inattentive.

True

True/False: Many times, something you read when scanning a Web directory like Yahoo can generate a great idea for a speech topic.

True

True/False: Miyuki is listening to a speech when she suddenly remembers something she was supposed to do earlier that day. Her facial expression changes from an attentive look to a displeased frown. Even though Miyuki's nonverbal expression isn't due to what was being said in the speech, Miyuki is still sending the speaker feedback.

True

True/False: Monroe felt so strongly about the importance of including visualization in a persuasive appeal that he called it out as its own step in his Motivated Sequence.

True

True/False: Monroe's Motivated Sequence and Problem (Cause) Solution are, in essence, very similar to each other.

True

True/False: Most designers agree that you should NOT use more than two (2) different fonts on a single visual aid.

True

True/False: Most people can agree on the denotative meaning of a word.

True

True/False: Most speakers summarize the speech at the end of the conclusion.

True

True/False: Non-native English speakers sometimes speak too quickly for full comprehension.

True

True/False: Nonverbal devices can create humor for after-dinner speakers.

True

True/False: One of the purposes of a conclusion is to motivate the audience to act.

True

True/False: One theory suggests that seemingly trivial matters, such as catchy music, can persuade people.

True

True/False: Oral language styles tend to use more pronouns than written language styles.

True

True/False: Periodicals are more up-to-date than books, but newspapers are more current than periodicals.

True

True/False: Providing closure in a conclusion lets the audience know that the speech is finished.

True

True/False: Public speaking is more planned and formal than conversation.

True

True/False: Recent research indicates that there is a direct link to the intensity of the fear appeal and the likelihood that listeners will be persuaded by the message.

True

True/False: Referring to a female top executive as "chairman of the board" is sexist.

True

True/False: Reflective thinking is the name of John Dewey's five-step method of problem solving.

True

True/False: Rehearsal is an important step for excellent extemporaneous speakers.

True

True/False: Sensitivity to the audience response during the speech can enable the speaker to make appropriate adjustments.

True

True/False: Sexist language directly stereotypes and discriminates.

True

What is a hyperlink?

Web pages or sites which are automatically linked

A short illustration of no longer than a sentence or two is called

a brief illustration.

As maid of honor, Rhonda's toast at her best friend's wedding was as follows: "To the best girlfriend that ever graced my hometown, the best person to cry with, to laugh with, and to be happy with, on her happiest day; I wish you both all the best." Was this effective, according to the criteria discussed in the chapter on special-occasion speaking?

Yes, because it was sincere.

While researching, Gabe found a tragic story about a young girl who died from a drunk driving accident. In presenting his speech, Gabe told the story as if this girl was his sister. The speech was quite moving and after the speech, everyone told Gabe how sorry they were for his family. At this time, he told them it wasn't really his sister but thought that telling it that way was more effective for this speech. Was this unethical?

Yes; Gabe violated an ethical principle that requires speakers not to misrepresent information.

When Jonathan began his report to the company vice-presidents, he acknowledged the reason why everyone was there. He then explained how he gathered the information for his report. According to your book, would this be considered a good beginning?

Yes; Jonathan demonstrated the first two guidelines related to presenting reports.

Meg has just finished her last main point, with its subpoints and supporting material. She concludes by saying "Finally..." then refers back to her introductory story. Does this describe an appropriate conclusion?

Yes; Meg provided closure by tying the introduction and conclusion together.

Serena found an excellent source for her speech on quilting. She incorporated a few passages from the source into her speech outline. Is this ethical?

Yes; Serena is behaving ethically as long as she credits the source orally in the speech.

On the evaluations for your previous two speeches, you received a comment about a "speedy vocal delivery." You want to make sure not to repeat that mistake on your next speaking assignment, so you write in the margins of your note cards "Slow down." Is this proper for speaking notes?

Yes; comments like this are effective delivery reminders on speaking notes.

Adam saw a television program last night which gave him a topic idea for an upcoming speech. Is this an ethically appropriate way to brainstorm speech topics?

Yes; getting ideas from television programs is an option suggested by the textbook.

Adam saw a television program last night which gave him a topic idea for an upcoming speech. Is this ethically appropriate?

Yes; getting ideas from television programs is an option suggested in the text.

Matthew presented a persuasive speech on achieving one's goals. He discussed ways that persons should challenge themselves in terms of striving for prominent positions in their communities, working hard to gain respectability in their jobs, and by being responsible citizens. Matthew used good movement, eye contact, vocal variation, and was dressed in khaki slacks and a polo-type shirt. According to your text, did Matthew make any delivery mistakes?

Yes; he probably should have worn a tie and a more professional shirt, so that his speech topic and his appearance matched.

Shiloh was presenting a speech about the different types of classical music. He had a PowerPoint slide of each type covered and played a selection of that music as he revealed and explained each type. Had Shiloh planned well for his use of presentation aids?

Yes; he used a combination of different types of aids effectively.

In her speech about cancer, Bonnie included information from a friend's mother who had undergone chemotherapy and whose cancer was in remission. Was this appropriate supporting material for the speech?

Yes; the information from the friend's mother was considered lay testimony about cancer.

In her introduction to her speech about eating disorders, Sheila told the story of her friend who almost died of anorexia. In her conclusion, she reminded her audience of what all her friend went through and explained that her friend was currently doing well in her battle against the disease. Was this an appropriate strategy for her speech?

Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as a reference to the introduction.

In her speech about eating disorders, Sheila began by telling the story of her friend who almost died of anorexia. In her conclusion, she reminded her audience of what all her friend went through and explained that her friend was currently doing well in her battle against the disease. Was this an appropriate strategy for her speech?

Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as a reference to the introduction.

Before planning his class speech on gun control legislation, Brad passed around a brief questionnaire asking whether his classmates were for or against gun control, did they agree with the current laws, etc. Was this a good idea, according to your text?

Yes; this is a form of psychological audience analysis a good thing to do for any kind of audience.

Bernard is rehearsing a class demonstration speech that he has to present in two days. As he rehearses from his delivery outline, he continues to revise the outline. He changes the order of some points, deletes some extraneous detail, and reworks his conclusion. According to your textbook, is this kind of revision advisable?

Yes; this kind of revising of the delivery outline is expected and helpful during rehearsal.

In a speech on skin cancer, you cite a number of statistics from a Web page by saying, "As stated in www.skincancer.org...." What is the problem with this oral citation?

You have not provided sufficient information for oral citation from an online source.

You're worried that your speech to the PTA (the Parent Teacher Association) at your child's school on the need for more parental volunteerism will cause the audience to lose attention. What should you do?

You should build in redundancy and make your ideas really clear, so as to avoid the speech rate-thought rate difference.

In your speech on gays in the military, you make a reference to "those homosexuals." As an audience-centered speaker, what error did you make?

You were not sensitive in the use of your language regarding sexual orientation.

Yvonne was really nervous about her upcoming speech. On the day of the speech, she arrived early, used mental and physical relaxation techniques, and felt like she knew the speech. But all she could think about was how the audience wouldn't laugh at her funny moments in the speech and how the applause would be weak and disappointing. What tip for reducing delivery jitters that your textbook advises did Yvonne ignore?

Yvonne forgot to visualize her success; instead she visualized her failure.

"I'm going to talk about the sport of racquetball, including the history of the game, some of the basic equipment used when playing racquetball, and some of the health benefits derived from the sport." An audience member would recognize this as

a blueprint statement.

The statement, "Years ago when we were kids, my friends and I never thought twice about tossing trash out into the street from our car windows. Now most of us wouldn't even think about littering like this," is a form of supporting material termed

a brief illustration.

In a speech to the neighborhood watch group, cranky Mr. Simmons made the following statement, "If you see someone running down the sidewalk in our neighborhood and you don't recognize that person, you must assume that person has committed a crime. Act immediately. Call 911." Some members of the audience recognized this statement as an example of

a causal fallacy.

Nita, when speaking to persuade the class that prayer in schools should be restored, argues, "The reason that there is so much crime nowadays is that we no longer have prayer in schools." You recognize this fallacy as

a causal fallacy.

The pattern of speech organization used in a speech topic that progresses in order of time is

a chronological pattern.

"An article in the January, 2002 issue of Newsweek about the failure of Enron asserts, 'Many of Enron's 20,000 employees lost their retirement savings when the company collapsed...By contrast, chairman Ken Lay made $205 million in stock option profits in the past four years alone....'" This is an example of

a citation of supporting material.

You're deciding on a speech topic, but need some information from your audience. Rather than asking them to give their opinions out loud on a couple of topics, you design a short questionnaire. The questionnaire asks whether a person agrees or disagrees with a series of statements regarding various topics. What form of survey are you using?

a closed-ended, formal audience analysis survey

On the first anniversary of John F. Kennedy's death, a group of close friends and the Kennedy family gathered to pay tribute to JFK's life and accomplishments. Then President Johnson gave a brief speech at the event. What is the textbook term for this speech?

a commemorative address

When a group agrees to support and commit to the decision of the group, they have reached

a consensus.

A listener who is able to evaluate the reasoning, logic, and quality of the speaker's ideas is

a critical listener.

In Fernando's speech, he says, "Hamas is an Arabic acronym for the Islamic Resistance Movement, a Palestinian Islamic fundamentalist organization established in 1987. Hamas is an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood which has carried out numerous terrorist attacks on Israelis." This type of supporting material is known as:

a definition.

Samantha is giving a speech on binge drinking. She uses supporting material that says, "A binge drinker is a man who drinks five or more drinks in one sitting or a woman who drinks four." This type of supporting material is

a definition.

A group leader who is objective, encourages group discussions and decisions, and guides when necessary is

a democratic leader.

Collecting information about an audience concerning their age range, gender, and ethnicity is part of

a demographic analysis.

"Rachael Flatt is the future of figure skating in America. She has elegance far beyond her years, combined with a dazzling athletic ability." This statement is a form of supporting material known as

a description.

When Selena said, in her speech about women's rights, "Just like Sojourner Truth said over 150 years ago, 'If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.'" What form of supporting material was she using?

a literary quotation from Sojourner Truth's famous speech

A smaller version of a large object that is used as a presentation aid is

a model.

A planned pause in a speech may be used as

a nonverbal signpost.

The most unpredictable presentation aid a speaker could use is

a person or animal

When illustrating how data is distributed in a given category or area with a presentation aid, your audience will most readily understand the information with

a pie graph.

Just as a traveler needs a map for a journey, a speaker needs a map for a speech. This detailed map of a speech is

a preparation outline.

In Katarina's speech about competitive ice-skating, she tells the audience in the introduction that she is going to discuss the history of the sport, some of the recent judging changes, and the outlook for the future of the sport. What type of signpost is Katarina demonstrating?

a preview

When stating your central idea in a persuasive speech, it is useful to state it as

a proposition.

"After all, who wants to be responsible for an accident or the death of another person just because you were busy answering your cell phone?" This statement is an example of

a question.

"I encourage everyone to understand that prejudice negatively affects our society." This statement is an example of

an inspirational appeal.

You are just beginning your speech and you feel your body start tensing up. Your hands start sweating, your heart races, those butterflies start swarming uncontrollably—you interpret these symptoms as nervousness. You are experiencing the XXXX state in the General Adaptation Syndrome (how our bodies handle stress).

alarm

When should you quote or paraphrase in a speech or paper? When:

all of the items listed are appropriate reasons to consider quoting or paraphrasing in a speech.

Many companies use literary techniques in their brand names. Dunkin' Donuts, Bed Bath & Beyond, Coca Cola, and Krispy Kreme all use the literary technique of:

alliteration

How does your textbook (and your professor) say is the best way to rehearse a speech?

aloud, standing just as you will when you deliver the speech to your audience

What does your textbook say is the best way to rehearse a speech?

aloud, standing just as you will when you deliver the speech to your audience

A special-occasion speech in which you briefly express your heartfelt thanks is

an acceptance speech.

When you focus on and mentally summarize the speaker's message, and work to understand the information presented, you are said to be

an active listener.

In an introduction to a persuasive speech, Fran said, "There was a time when I thought I would never have a job, a decent life, a boyfriend, or any pleasure in life. But, after working as an intern at Channel 3, I know what I really want to do with my life and that gives me great satisfaction. I encourage you all to become interns, so that you, too, can discover that there is something in life that inspires passion in you... that you're willing to work for...to work hard for...to be successful...to be happy." What type of message did this speaker effectively use in this introduction?

an appeal to emotion

In Montana's persuasive speech against assisted suicide, she quoted the Bible, saying, "Thou shalt not kill." What type of appeal was Montana using in this speech?

an appeal to myth

Tiphani, in her persuasive speech, says the following: "So, by using these simple steps, you will save time, money, and energy." What form of persuasive appeal is this?

an appeal to positive motivation

In his speech about registering to vote, Dan explains the new legislation that allows voter registration to coincide with driver's license renewal. But he concludes by stating that anyone who is not registered should immediately register in time for the next election. Finally, Dan reiterates: "Everyone please register to vote; it's your right and your duty as a citizen." What aspect of effective conclusions has Dan utilized?

an appeal to respond on the part of the audience

A speaker who analyses the listeners and the occasion and adapts the speech to them is defined by your text as

an audience-centered speaker.

A style of leadership characterized by superiority, the giving of orders, and control over group members is termed

an authoritarian style.

Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence. He made the statement, "Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country, except the police and military, or we can expect massacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents

an either-or fallacy.

Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence. He made the statement, "Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country, except the police and military, or we can expect massacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents

an either-or fallacy/false dilemma.

Using sound evidence and reasoning in a speech is an example of

an ethical guideline

In his speech about drinking and driving, Cal told the story of what happened to three friends of his. He went into detail about how they had been partying, how they wouldn't let anyone sober drive them home, and how their lives ended when the car they were in wrapped around a tree in the middle of the night. What kind of supporting material did Cal use in his speech?

an extended illustration

A lengthy illustration with a plot beginning, climatic point, and end is called

an extended illustration.

"I fell in love with Hawaii for its 75 degree weather, its volcanoes and its sea life." This is an example of

an illustration.

When Bob asked his class, "How many of you just don't have enough time to do all the things you want to do in a day?" as his speech introductory device, almost everyone in the audience raised their hands. Bob took this audience reaction as

an indication of nonverbal responsiveness.

In a speech of tribute to a person, you are essentially what kind of speaker?

an informative speaker

A speech that is designed to teach, define, illustrate, clarify, or elaborate on a topic reflects

an informative speech purpose

After your conversation with a representative from the health and wellness program at a local hospital, you organize your notes and decide which statements to quote in your speech. This form of supporting material is termed

an interview

Asking a question such as "What do you believe the state should do about funding education?" is an example of

an open-ended question.

The type of reasoning in which one thing, person, or process is compared to another to predict how something will perform or respond is

analogy.

The art and science of teaching adults to learn is

andragogy

"Even though there are a lot of non-profit organizations similar to this one, this is your chance to make a donation to your school and to help keep this tradition alive." This is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

"I challenge you to go out and support Outward Bound and make a contribution." This statement is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

"In less than two weeks summer will begin. We will all have our beach trips planned and our weekends at the lake to look forward to. Please consider using sunscreen." This is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

"With all that I have presented here today, how could you not put your money into Company X?" This is an example of a(n)

appeal to action.

The process of producing language and speech sounds that are clear and distinct is termed

articulation

How many aids should you have in a typical informative speech? (Not necessarily the informative speech assignment I gave you for this course, but if you were doing an informative speech in general.)

as many as the speech or the occasion, itself, requires (based upon your topic and approach).

In general, how many aids should you have in an informative speech? (Not necessarily the informative speech assignment I gave you for this class, but if you had to do an informative speech in general.)

as many as the speech requires (based upon your topic and approach)

Leah walked to the podium, wrapped a large black scarf around her head, neck, and shoulders, then asked the audience: "How would you feel if someone, looking like this, got on a plane with you?" What introductory device was Leah using?

asking a rhetorical question

Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech discussed in this chapter?

assonance

When we, as listeners, focus on the message, we are said to

attend

When a speaker uses terms like "African-American" and "Asian-American" the speaker is

attending to ethnic elements of demographic audience analysis.

A learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something is

attitude.

In a psychological analysis, which of the following are reflections of the audience's likes or dislikes?

attitudes

Which of these characteristics would be examined as part of a psychological audience analysis?

audience beliefs about topic

All of the following occur when speakers use too much information on a presentation aid (such as a wordy PowerPoint slide) EXCEPT:

audience reads and absorbs information

All of the following occur when speakers use too much information on a presentation aid EXCEPT:

audience reads and absorbs information

Presentation aids enhance your audience's understanding of your speech because

audiences are accustomed to visual reinforcement.

This piece of information appears first in a typical bibliographical entry using the MLA format.

author's name

According to members of Lee's unit at work, Lee is an excellent manager. He knows what has to be done, gives his people clear orders, stays focused in the present, and generally directs people with skill. What type of leadership style best describes Lee?

authoritarian

The Internet delivery system that brings information to your computer as text, graphics, audio, and visual images is known as

the World Wide Web.

You are doing a speech on the films of American film-maker Steven Spielberg. You are planning to focus on his early films, then his breakthrough films, and finally his most recent films. You would be organizing/arranging your speech using which of the following organizational arrangements?

chronological

The rhetoric of diversity refers to a speaker

considering such factors as culture, ethnicity, and gender.

An person who likes their information delivered with lots of facts and details is likely a

content-oriented listener.

"All United States citizens have a First Amendment right to free speech. The members of the KKK are citizens of the United States. Therefore, the members of the KKK have a right to express their opinions." This is an example of

deductive reasoning.

Finding out that your speech will be given to an all-male audience around the age of 30 is a form of

demographic analysis.

When Chloe told a story about her mother's illness, you could have heard a pin drop in the room. The audience was riveted because she described her own emotions in coping with the situation, using vivid language and examples to make the experience more real. What technique was Chloe using?

describing how listeners would feel if they experienced Chloe's situation

Producing word pictures that allow your audience to mentally see, hear, smell, touch, or taste something is a process known as

description

In an informative speech, when you talk about how an object feels, how something tastes, or how an emotion feels, you are invoking the power of

description.

Searching for logical divisions in a subject is a strategy for

determining your main ideas.

In a public relations presentation, the speaker should anticipate and prepare for criticism by

developing a plan to counter objections and problems.

Terms like "finally," "in conclusion," and "in closing" are examples of

devices that provide closure for a speech.

When developing a preparation outline, you should write out everything but

directions for delivering your speech.

After speakers have organized their main points, what is the next step?

dividing main points into sub points

When in doubt about information commonly known, as a speaker you should

document it.

Turn of the nineteenth century speakers who expressed their emotions through prescribed dramatic postures, movements, gestures, facial expressions, and tones of voice were known as

elocutionists.

In a speech in which he attempted to persuade the audience to support legislation restricting tobacco use, former Vice President Al Gore told the story of how his sister died of lung cancer. Gore said, "I loved my sister more than life itself," and "I saw her body savaged by this disease." He closed the story by citing a statistic about how another 13-year-old girl would start smoking tomorrow, just like his sister had many years ago. From this description, which textbook tip for persuasion did Gore use effectively?

emotion-arousing words to trigger audience response

The minister pounds his fist on the podium when he says the words "sin" and "evil." What function does this form of nonverbal communication serve?

emphasizing

Rachel is called on to speak in front of her Theories of Education class. She has gained confidence and competence in her public speaking class, a term that your text calls

empowerment

Rachel is called on to speak in front of her Theories of Education class. She has gained confidence and competence in her public speaking class, a term that your text calls

empowerment.

Translating ideas and images in the speaker's mind into verbal or nonverbal messages that an audience can understand is termed

encoding.

When participating in a group presentation, it is imperative to

ensure everyone understands the assignment.

If, as supporting material for a speech, you give reasons or causes for a policy, principle, or event, you are

explaining why.

Given the task of preparing a speech, Susan decides to speak from an outline that can help her sound conversational and spontaneous. She wants to be able to adapt her remarks to the feedback she receives from the audience. She also wants to make more eye contact with the audience. What method of delivery will be best, given Susan's speech goals?

extemporaneous speaking

Delivering a speech in a conversational style from a well-developed and researched outline is termed

extemporaneous speaking.

During the O. J. Simpson trial, his lawyers were attempting to prove he was not guilty. In persuasion, this is known as a proposition of

fact

The statement "Osama bin Laden was responsible for the September 11 tragedy," is a proposition of

fact

Frances is delivering a speech to "prove" that marijuana is physiologically addictive. You recognize that this is a proposition of:

fact.

Sam presented an informative speech on hurricanes. He described the origins of earthquakes, how they develop, which areas of the earth are prone to hurricanes, how hurricanes are rated, the damage they do, and what to do when one hits. The speech was dry and the audience was bored. From this description, what was Sam's mistake?

failing to narrow his topic

Reasoning that occurs when one attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate is a(n):

fallacy.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the linear model of communication?

feedback

Which of the following is not a part of a linear model of communication?

feedback

Head nods, murmurings, facial expressions, and eye contact from audience members are all forms of

feedback.

When a speaker watches and listens for audience response and adapts the delivered message to that response, the speaker is reacting to audience

feedback.

When you structure your speech topic into main points, based on a reasonable, appropriate progression of ideas, what aspect of organization are you accomplishing?

finding logical divisions

In your speech about American government, you simply subdivide your central idea into the three branches of government. How are you subdividing your central idea?

finding logical divisions in your central idea

In your speech about American government, you simply subdivide your central idea into the three branches of government. How are you subdividing your central idea?

finding logical divisions in your central idea

Jan is in speech class, listening to a lecture. But she's had a very busy week, with lots of assignments. How can she maximize her listening experience in class?

focus on the major ideas

According to your textbook, complete sentences are used in your preparation outline

for your main ideas and subpoints.

For her informative speech assignment, Carol has chosen biomedical ethics as her topic. But before she begins, she compiles a questionnaire for the audience to determine their personal knowledge, interest, and attitudes about this issue. What is the term for this technique?

formal audience analysis

"To inform," "to persuade," "to inspire," are all examples of the:

general purpose of a speech.

Speeches that you present will be either to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. This goal for your speech is knows as its

general purpose.

What is the first step in the motivated sequence?

get attention

Lee presents a speech to a group of police officers about managing job stress. He opens by asking the officers to think about specific times when, on duty, they felt a high level of stress. What principle of andragogy is Lee using?

getting them actively involved in the learning process

The ability to monitor your audience's response and adjust your message accordingly is a benefit of

good eye contact.

Which resource will include a Superintendent of Documents classification number, which should be included in your bibliography?

government documents

The Catalog of U.S. Government Publications and the American Statistics Index are described in your textbook as examples of

government documents.

Everyone has a range between the highness and lowness of their voice during normal conversation. This level is referred to as your

habitual pitch.

Everyone has a range between the highness and lowness of their voice during normal conversation. This level is referred to as your

habitual pitch.

If you attempt to convince listeners that they should find small ways to "get back at the government" by cheating on their income tax returns, you are violating a speaking ethic which expects speakers to

have a clear, responsible goal.

If you attempt to convince listeners to do something illegal, you are violating a speaking ethic which expects speakers to

have clear, responsible goals

Group members are generating ideas at rapid speed and the problem-solving process is clipping right along when suddenly Ripp blurts out, "Will somebody please give me a clear picture of all the things we've talked about so far?" By saying this, Ripp is

helping the group summarize its progress.

What is the first source of supporting material a speaker should rely upon?

her or his own personal experience and knowledge

Lindsay decides to give a persuasive speech on the right to vote. She says that voting is important because it reveals one's patriotism while also upholding democracy in national, state, and local governments. Her statements most clearly reflect

her values.

"I hope that you will find that thank-you notes are tremendous windows of opportunity. These windows are doors of determination into our destiny...even if you just crack yours a little." This statement is an example of

humor

An informative speech that discusses principles, concepts, and theories is classified as a speech about

ideas

One way to signpost your speech is to enumerate your main ideas. This means that you

identify the ideas with numbers.

Jon attends a campus speech as an assignment for his public speaking class. When he evaluates the speech, what three elements should he look and listen for in order to deem the speech effective?

if the speech was understandable to the audience, if it achieved its intended purpose, and if it was ethical

UnansweredQuestion 6 0 / 0.5 pts TJ is giving a speech on reasons why recycling is everyone's responsibility. During this speech, TJ notices that his audience isn't making eye contact with him, that there is a lot of restless movement, and that the audience members' faces seem blank. How should TJ respond to this negative feedback?

illustrate the point with a funny, personal example

"When it comes to water safety, remember the story of my family on vacation when my left shoulder was pulled into the vent of a hot tub." This statement is an example of

illustration

According to the XXXX principle, people move closer to things they like and away from things they dislike.

immediacy

A few minutes remain in the class period. The teacher assigns a student to stand before the class and give a brief speech on effective study habits. What method of delivery is utilized in this situation?

impromptu speaking

A few minutes remain in the class period. The teacher assigns a student to stand before the class and give a brief speech on effective study habits. What method of delivery is utilized in this situation?

impromptu speaking

When asked to deliver a speech at the last moment, the type of delivery style you will use is

impromptu.

In your speech to a group of high school students, you explain how you have seen people do stupid things at parties as a result of drinking, you've seen how drunk people put themselves at risk, and you've heard of people's reputations being ruined because of alcohol-related incidents. Because of what you've seen, you want to encourage your listeners to avoid drinking in social situations no matter the peer pressure. What form of reasoning have you used in this speech?

inductive

Observing your audience and asking questions about them are forms of

informal audience analysis.

"Keep the components of health care in mind to ensure you will have a happy child you can love and keep safe." This statement is an example of a(n)

inspirational appeal.

"Think about your life and whether you would forsake a mother, father, son, daughter, sister or brother a long life full of the things we take for granted." This statement is an example of a(n)

inspirational appeal.

When you state a main idea, cite the source, present the material, and then explain how the material supports the main idea, you are

integrating supporting materials smoothly.

Throughout Clay's speech on the environment, he reviewed and re-emphasized points previously discussed in his first point before he moved onto his next point. What is the textbook term for this technique?

internal summary

Discussing your speech topic with someone who is knowledgeable on the subject is a method of gathering support material known as

interviewing

A properly worded central idea or thesis statement

is a single sentence summarizing your speech.

Analyzing and adapting to your audience as you speak

is necessary as part of the complete audience-centered speaker.

In a persuasive speech, a speaker should present information that opposes his point of view, because

it is his ethical responsibility to help the audience reach an informed decision.

When Hillary begins her speech about women in the workplace, Donald thinks to himself, "Oh no; not more of that feminist stuff again." What listening problem is Donald exhibiting?

jumping to conclusions about the message

The main reason to use previews, summaries, and signposts in a speech is to

keep your audience on track with your speech.

The main reason to use previews, summaries, and signposts is to

keep your audience on track with your speech.

The example used in the Outlining lecture is:

knitting

An opinion stated by a "person on the street" when interviewed by a local television station reporter about a local tax issue is providing

lay testimony.

Which of the following is NOT a primary consideration when selecting a presentation aid?

length of the speech

A speaker's ability to use shorter words and phrases characterizes what quality of oral from written language?

less formal

All of the following EXCEPT XXXX are true characteristics of oral style.

less use of pronouns

When Alec tries to persuade listeners to take action against the pollution of the Earth's atmosphere, he is appealing to

listeners' physiological needs.

This kind of listening would be prominent place during math class.

listening for information

In her speech about the homeless problem in the United States, Charlotte becomes a bit emotional, her voice choking up a little. This causes Amy, an audience member, to become emotional too. What type of listening is occurring in this situation?

listening to empathize

Kari has lunch with a friend who has been just diagnosed with cancer. What kind of listening is likely to occur?

listening to empathize

Richard says in his speech, "In the words of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 'The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself.'" What form of supporting material is Richard employing?

literary quotation

Lenny's speech on rodeos focused on three different events. His central idea was "The modern rodeo has many interesting events including bronco busting, calf roping, and bull riding." Lenny's central idea could be readily broken down into main ideas based on

logical division of the central idea.

In her speech about the benefits of car air bags, Karen states: "In December, 2001, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 8,369 people are alive today because of their airbags. Over 8,000 people. That's about half the number of students at the college here. Imagine, all those lives saved, by a simple airbag." What guideline about the use of statistics is Karen following in her speech?

making statistics understandable and memorable

In her speech about the benefits of car air bags, Karen states: "In December, 2014, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 7,585 people are alive today because of airbags. Over 7,500 people! That's about half the number of students at college here. Imagine: all those lives saved—by a simple airbag." What guideline for the use of statistics is Karen following in her speech?

making statistics understandable and memorable

If you use the word "subscription" when you meant to say "prescription" (as in, "I need to stop by the pharmacy to pick up my subscription"), you would be using:

malapropism.

When facing public speaking anxiety, the goal for the speaker should be to

manage it positively.

When facing public speaking anxiety, the primary goal for the speaker should be to:

manage the anxiety and, if possible, help it work for you.

When the President of the U.S. delivers his State of the Union speech, the type of speech, classified by method of delivery, will be

manuscript

Reading a speech word-for-word from material written out on a page is termed

manuscript speaking.

Writing down your main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material, then using geometric shapes and arrows to indicate logical relationships is a technique known as

mapping

What is an advantage of memorized speaking?

maximum eye contact with audience

Kara is entering a national speech contest. She wants to use a method of delivery that has the most potential for eye contact with the audience, because she wants to really "drive home" her points. What method of delivery would be best?

memorized speaking

Which of the following is a figure of speech that uses an implied comparison?

metaphors

A speaker's ability to state, restate and provide examples characterizes what distinction of oral language?

more repetition

All of the following except XXXXX are ways speakers can provide closure in a speech.

moving in front of the podium

Persuasion using XXXX is an emotional appeal that reaches the audience through shared beliefs based on cultural heritage or faith.

myth

Both Monroe's Motivated Sequence and Problem (Cause) Solution are examples of:

needs-based organizational structures.

In her persuasive speech, Martha spoke about the possibility of dirty nuclear weapons being used against the United States by Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. She challenged them to monitor Senate hearings on the problem and to get involved by writing or emailing their legislators. What form of motivation did Martha successfully employ in her speech?

negative motivation, based on a fear appeal

In the communication process, what is the term for something that interferes with the communication process?

noise

Which of the following is NOT a common mistake novice speakers make when preparing or delivering a demonstration speech?

none of the items listed (all of the items listed are common mistakes novice speakers make)

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for choosing a topic for an informative speech?

none of the items listed (all of the items listed are considerations when choosing topics)

A change in facial expression, a pause, an altered vocal pitch or speaking rate, or a movement all may indicate a

nonverbal transition.

Timeria needed room to move during her speech, but when she arrived to make her presentation, she learned that she would have to use a microphone affixed to a lectern. What was Timeria's mistake?

not conducting a pre-speech situational analysis

Kelly really prided himself on his knowledge of British royal history. He had three main points in his informative speech, his first being the ancient lineage of Queen Elizabeth. By the time he got through his first point, his audience looked bored from all these facts. What was Kelly's error in this situation?

not pacing the flow of his information

Jack used Internet sources for his informative speech about gun control. However, his over-reliance on the National Rifle Association site caused his speech to be slanted in one direction, rather than presenting multiple sides of the issue. Which of the six criteria for evaluating Internet sources did Jack ignore?

objectivity

The type of informative speech that concerns anything you can see or touch is a speech about

objects

When a person decides not to overestimate or falsify an insurance claim just to have the extra money, this action is based on

one's code of ethics.

In terms of outlining form (in a formal outline), all of the following are true EXCEPT:

only full-sentences should be used in formal outlines

Allowing the speaker and audience to interact characterizes what distinction between oral and written styles of language?

oral is more personal

The primary reason that we use preview statements, transitions, and summary statements in speeches relates to which of the following differences between oral and written communication styles?

oral is more repetitious than written

Tara comes into the classroom early on the day of her speech. She closes the blinds, checks the room temperature, and sets up the transparency machine. Which barrier to listening is Tara trying to overcome?

outside distractions

All of the following EXCEPT XXXX are word structures with figurative imagery.

parallelism

According to Aristotle, if you are using an emotional story to persuade your audience on an issue, you are using the rhetorical proof of:

pathos

The term used by Aristotle to describe appeals to human emotion is

pathos.

A captive audience would best be described as

people who must attend.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs asserts that the most basic human needs must be satisfied before listeners can be motivated using any higher needs. These basic needs are

physiological.

Lifting key passages from sources you do not credit in your speech is an unethical practice known as

plagiarism

You want to do a speech on the importance of daily exercise, but you don't want to come across as scolding the audience for laziness. You simply want to uplift them, to make them feel good about their own potential, and to motivate them to raise their level of self-esteem through an exercise regime. If you do this, what persuasive strategy will you be using?

positive motivation

Knowing what your listeners value or need, and appealing to those values or needs is known in persuasion as

positive motivation.

When delivering a commencement address, the speaker should

praise the graduating class.

When the audience has clearly decided before you even begin to speak that the message has no value for them, the listening barrier to overcome is

prejudice.

Just as a traveler needs a map for a journey, a speaker needs a map for a speech. This detailed map of a speech is a(n)

preparation (or working) outline.

In an informative speech to a group of high school juniors, Tori talked about how college can change your life, about the change in her confidence level from her first year to her senior year. Although college seemed a long way off for her audience, they listened intently. Tori made her speech interesting by

presenting information that related to their lives.

A speech topic that presents an issue that needs resolving can effectively be organized as

problem-solution.

In a speech about the rules of the British sport of cricket, the speaker uses jargon that you don't understand. What are you experiencing?

problems with decoding

When the 1999 election ended with a decision by the Supreme Court, Jeb knew he had his persuasive speech topic. He developed an argument that the electoral college system used in the United States has outlived its usefulness. Jeb is using which kind of proposition as his central idea?

proposition of fact

What is the technique called when a speaker makes reference to the introduction in the conclusion?

providing a sense of closure

The term, "constructive criticism" refers to:

providing useful feedback intended to help or improve something, often with an offer of possible solutions

In his speech about date rape on college campuses, Nathan cites statistics from state and county law enforcement documents; then he includes statistics from incidents on his own campus. Which principle of selecting the best supporting material is Nathan using?

proximity

Colin had researched, outlined, and practiced his speech carefully, but on the day he was to give the speech, his girlfriend broke up with him. He found it impossible to keep his mind on his speech or his audience and continually lost his place. What public speaking term best describes this situation?

psychological noise

"Remember, Jackie Gleason once said, 'The greatest waste of money is to keep it.'" This statement is an example of what method for creating effective conclusions?

quotations

"So, take the advice of a great song "Go on and make a change, just once in your life. It will feel real good, it will make a difference, it will make it right." This statement is using what method for effective conclusions?

quotations

Marco ended his speech with, "Remember, as Pablo Casals once noted, 'To the world you might just be one person, but to one person you might just be the whole world.'" This is an example of

quotations

A listener who suffers from a fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting messages is said to have

receiver apprehension.

Janine organized her three statistics on organ transplants according to their significance. She saved her "clincher" point about how easy it is to indicate your willingness to donate by signing the back of your driver's license for the last point before her conclusion. What pattern of supporting material did Janine demonstrate in this speech?

recency

When you save the most important material for last, you are using the principle of

recency

"I have given you several reasons to study abroad, told you how it could improve your job hunt, and explained that it is more than just school work." This statement is an example of a(n)

reference to the introduction.

John Dewey's method of problem solving, which involves a five-step process, is called

reflective thinking.

When Kelsey says, "How many of you have ever donated money to causes that support the homeless?" as she extends the palms of her hands toward the audience. Kelsey's nonverbal communication serves what function?

regulating

When Kiko reviewed the main points in her informative speech, she slowed down her rate of speech, decreased her volume, made sure to articulate each word clearly, and paused between each point. What technique of enhancing audience recall did Kiko effectively employ?

reinforcing key ideas nonverbally

Jason is informing the audience about an impending tuition hike at the college. Jason says, "Please, listen to this. This is important and affects all of us in this room; it affects our attitudes about school, our pocketbooks, and our stress levels." This strategy to enhance audience recall is

reinforcing key ideas verbally.

When listeners can recall ideas and information presented to them, they are said to

remember

Tom is speaking on a stage, behind a rather tall podium. His audience is made up of elementary school children. What does Tom need to do to immediately improve his speech?

remove the physical barriers

Tom is speaking on a stage, behind a rather tall podium. His audience is made up of elementary school children. What does Tom need to do to immediately improve his speech?

remove the physical barriers

Gestures that help your verbal message, such as holding your hands out to show how long an object is, are termed

repeating.

You are in the middle of your speech and you have finally started to calm down—a bit. Your senses are still operating at higher-than-normal levels, but nowhere near the almost debilitating nervousness you experienced when you first began your speech. You are experiencing the _____ stage in the General Adaptation Syndrome (how our bodies handle stress).

resistance

Because we hear so many sounds simultaneously, the first stage of listening is to

select

The personal need to achieve our highest potential is

self-actualization.

All of the following EXCEPT XXXX are examples of biased language.

server

The delivery outline is

shorter than the preparation outline.

The delivery outline

should be brief and have speaking notes.

Transitions, previews, and summaries are all examples of

signposts

"Life is like ice cream" is an example of what stylistic device?

simile

Because of newer, simple to use computer technology, this type of presentation aid is being used less frequently.

slides

Interaction between three to twelve people who share a common goal, a sense of commitment, and who attempt to influence one another is known as

small group communication.

A speaker who analyzes the audience's income, occupation, and education is interested in their

socioeconomic status.

Hypothetical illustrations, description, and opinions are considered to be

soft evidence.

All of the following except XXXX are collections of related typefaces.

soft fonts

The use of audio or video recorders can be a liability in an interview because

some people are more self-conscious and intimidated when being recorded.

If your speech topic concerns something that occupies physical space, the organizational pattern may be

spatial

In her presentation to the school board about plans for the new physical fitness facility, Ms. Anderson described the various workout areas, gyms, locker rooms, and physical therapy facilities. Which organizational pattern was Ms. Anderson using in her presentation?

spatial

Which of the criteria for what constitutes a good speech did the video claim is an overarching criterion? (meaning that attention to this criterion will very likely translate into automatic consideration of the remaining criteria.)

speaker commitment

When we, as speakers, consider our beliefs, values, and moral principles when writing and presenting a speech, we are

speaking ethically

When Sharon was asked to be the after-dinner speaker for the senior honors dinner, she responded with great enthusiasm. She viewed this as an opportunity to reflect on their past years at college as well as bring a smile to her fellow seniors' faces, to make them feel the excitement of the event, and to help them enjoy themselves. In this situation, Sharon would be

speaking to entertain.

Using the term "gasping for breath" instead of "sick" is an example of what language style technique?

specific and concrete

"At the end of my speech, my audience will understand the basic principle of flight" is an example of a:

specific purpose.

The speaker's statement as to the behavioral change she or he wants from the audience is known as the

specific purpose.

When wording the statement of your XXXX, use verbs that refer to observable or measurable behavior.

specific purpose.

For your persuasive speech supporting assisted suicide, you decide to first provide a definition of the term and talk generally about the current status of the problem. Then you will bring up individual incidences in which assisted suicides have prevented needless suffering in the victim, while the family member who assisted has been imprisoned. Which strategy of support material organization is this plan reflecting?

specificity

Libraries' collections of books are generally called

stacks

When speaking to a very diverse audience in the United States, it is best to use:

standard U.S. English

When citing your sources orally in a speech, you should

state briefly the author, title, year.

Outlining is based upon the principles of:

subordination and coordination

What action should a speaker take if his or her speech topic calls for an illegal or dangerous presentation aid?

substitute an appropriate representation or model

What your professor describes as a 2-prong solution in a persuasive policy speech is:

suggesting ways the audience can help, as well as ways "others" can help (like governmental organizations, political entities, etc.).

What your professor describes as a 2-prong solution is:

suggesting ways the audience can help, as well as ways "others" can help (like governmental organizations, political entities, etc.).

What should a speech conclusion do?

summarize the main ideas

"Writing has many educational, psychological, and physical benefits." What is this speaker doing in their example?

summarizing the speech

The specific group of audience members that you, as a speaker, most wish to address or influence is your

target audience.

The difference in information speaking and persuasive speaking is that only in persuasive speaking does the speech

target change or advocate action from your audience.

The difference in information speaking and persuasive speaking is that, only in persuasive speaking does the speech

target change or advocate action from your audience.

The type of credibility when a speaker establishes common ground with the audience, supports an argument with believable evidence, and presents a well-delivered speech is

terminal credibility.

Although the First Amendment of the Constitution guarantees freedom of speech, that freedom is I in speeches

that present a clear and present danger.

What resource would you use in order to conduct a Boolean search?

the Internet

The address of each Web site or page is known as

the URL, or uniform resource locator.