public speaking ch 12

In his speech on concerts, Dan referred to the overture (which comes at the beginning of a performance) as being at the end of the performance. What mistake did he make?

He did not use language accurately

During his speech, Ari quoted article 1, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution to his class without further explanation: "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed." In what ways did Ari not follow rules of good language?

He did not use words likely to be familiar to the audience. He did not use language clearly.

Which of the following is the most likely to weaken the credibility of a speaker?

Using language inaccurately

Which of the following questions would be the most likely to improve the accuracy of the language used in a speech?

What exactly do I mean? What am I really trying to say?

Select the word that best continues the pattern of alliteration in the following sentence: "For us to achieve lasting change, we must constantly petition the government, we must poke, prod, and

push."

Hilario includes the following passage in a speech on his recent visit to a national park: "Even though it was the height of summer, I felt cool standing in the dappled shade beneath the ancient trees. All around me I could hear the chirp of small birds and the rustle of leaves stirred by a breeze." By including this passage, Hilario has created a

word pic

Consider the vague statement, "The guy said your vehicle would be ready in a while after a small problem is fixed." Which of the following revisions puts this sentence in the most concrete terms?

"Pete said your truck will be ready at 3 p.m. He needs to replace a cracked hose in the cooling system."

Which of the following are benefits of using repetition to create rhythm?

Emphasizing a single idea by stating it more than once Creating a strong emotional effect Unifying a sequence of ideas

True or false: As long as language is accurate, clear, and vivid, it will be appropriate to use in any speech.

False

True or false: It is safe to assume that if the meaning of a word is clear to you, it will be clear to your audience.

False

Words that refer to which of the following are considered concrete words?

People Things Places

What guideline for using language effectively did Deshari violate when she used basketball terms such as "zone defense" and "pick and roll" to discuss her ideas to her speech class?

She did not use language appropriate to the audience.

Which of the following sentences is an example of antithesis?

These martyrs died so that we may live.

The primary aim of antithesis is to create rhythm by

juxtaposing contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.

Jess is the coach of a youth basketball team, and she gave several speeches to her team during a recent game. When she described how to run a certain play, she used plain and direct language. When she wanted to motivate her team to play to the best of their abilities, she used elevated language filled with metaphors and alliteration. In this example, Jess was using language that is appropriate to the

topic.

True or false: Including rhythm and vivid imagery in your speech will make it more interesting for your listeners.

true

Galena is giving a speech on a play she recently saw, and she wants to use concrete language to help her listeners feel like they are watching the play with her. Which of the following examples best accomplishes this goal?

"The murmurs of the audience quiet as the room dims, and a spotlight illuminates a tall, brown-haired man in a business suit."

Which aspect of United States society does inclusive speech reflect?

Growing respect for diversity

Which of the following are components of vivid language?

Imagery Rhythm

How does rhythm help create more vivid speeches?

It reinforces and enhances the impact of the speaker's words.

What method of creating imagery did Lana use when she said, "He slithered into town quietly so that no one would notice when he dug in his fangs and slowly poisoned their minds."

Metaphor

What is the primary difference between metaphors and similes?

Metaphors make implicit comparisons, whereas similes make explicit comparisons.

What method of creating rhythm did Miguel employ when he said, "In Venice and Paris, in London and Berlin, all of Europe watched with anticipation."

Parallelism

Bill Clinton once said, "Somewhere at this very moment a child is being born in America. Let it be our cause to give that child a happy home, a healthy family, and a hopeful future." Which methods for creating rhythm did he use in the second sentence?

Parallelism, alliteration

What is the best way to develop a personal speaking style that is clear, vivid, and appropriate?

Read and listen to effective speakers and blend their techniques with your own language style.

Which of the following is a method for reducing verbal clutter in a speech?

Record the speech and listen to it for wasted or distracting words that can be removed.

Why is it important to avoid clichéd similes, such as "busy as a bee," when giving a speech?

They make the speaker appear dull, and they bore the audience.

A word's literal meaning (without emotional associations) is its _________ meaning

denotative

What method for creating rhythm did Mildred use in her presentation when she said, "Your boat must be ready to launch immediately, stem, sail, and stern"?

Alliteration

Which of the following rhythmic techniques most often relies upon stating in close succession a series of different words that share an initial consonant sound?

Alliteration

Which of the following is the most likely to call up mental images of specific sights, sounds, tastes, or smells?

Concrete words

Which of the following are benefits concrete words have that abstract words lack?

Concrete words can be easier to recall. Concrete words are clearer.

Cambrianne tells Juan about her new dog, a canine named Skippy. Discussing her new pet, Cambrianne is using the ______ meaning of the word dog.

Denotative

Thomas is giving a keynote speech at a formal convention of highly respected medical researchers. Which of the following greetings would be the most appropriate to the occasion?

Distinguished guests:

Which of the following is a technique that creates rhythm in a speech?

Parallelism

Maria is giving a speech on inexpensive vacationing to a group of seniors and says the following: "A rad place to find cheap flights is on Web sites like Kayak or Orbitz. There y'all can easily compare different flights from different carriers. Be sure to look out for deals on first class, too. They're still loads more expensive than coach, but YOLO, right?" Which of the following did Maria do in her speech?

She failed to use appropriate language.

To ensure that your speech uses language appropriately, you should make sure it is appropriate to which of the following?

The speaker The topic The occasion The audience

Which of the following is a good rule of thumb to follow when considering whether language is appropriate to an audience?

When in doubt—don't.

Devin is writing a speech for science class about the Cretaceous period, and he wants to give his audience vivid mental images of the specific sights, sounds, and smells of the time period. To do so, Devin should use

concrete words.

To make your speech clear and understandable, use words with which the audience will be

familiar.

Which of the following is likely to engage the audience's five senses?

vivid imagery

A speech that places the audience in the middle of an experience and stirs up an emotional response can be described as

vivid.

In her speech paying tribute to her aunt, Julia said, "The sadness of her youth led to the youthfulness of her old age." What method was she using to establish rhythm?

Antithesis

The meaning of a word that elicits an emotional response from a listener is the word's ______ meaning.

connotative

At a retirement party for a colleague, Eric used plain, unemotional language to describe his colleague's time with the company. Afterward, a coworker mentioned that the speech did not pay proper tribute to how much the departing colleague meant to the company. Which rule of using language appropriately did Eric violate?

Appropriateness to the topic

In her speech, Vanessa stated, "It is important that leaders are not overly autonomous or merely satisficing when using a combinatorial rather than positional decision-making process." What mistake did she make in her language choice?

She did not emphasize clear, familiar language.

Barack Obama once said, "Tonight, if you feel the same energy that I do, if you feel the same urgency that I do, if you feel the same passion that I do, if you feel the same hopefulness that I do, if we do what we must do, then I have no doubt that all across the country, from Florida to Oregon, from Washington to Maine, the people will rise up in November." Which of the following did he use to create rhythm in this passage?

Repetition

Sara has prepared a speech to give at her best friend's wedding about the history of their friendship. Although she was acquainted with everyone in in the audience, she chose to avoid using slang and overly familiar language out of respect for the ceremony. In this instance, Sara used language that was appropriate to the

occasion

Which of the following are used to create rhythm in a speech?

Choice of words Arrangement of words

Winston Churchill once said, "We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." Which of the following did he use to achieve rhythm in this passage?

Repetition