Public Speaking Exam

a: forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist, and usually both are undesirable

A false dilemma fallacy

Which of the following is suggested as a reason for anxiety in public speaking?

A mindset that the speech must meet a standard of perfection.

Using another person as a visual aid is effective if:

All of the above Answers: You ask the person's permission ahead of time You only touch them minimally or only as necessary It is helpful to the speech The person is dressed appropriately

Organization of speech ideas and materials involves three steps, in this order: ordering, labeling and subordinating.

False

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "Eliminating the space program is clearly the right thing to do. A recent poll by CBS polling organization showed that 65 percent of Americans thought we should abolish the program."

bandwagon or appeal to popularity

Post hoc, ergo proper hoc, meaning "after the fact, therefore because of the fact," is a fallacy associated with reasoning.

causal

The objective or literal meaning shared by most people using a word or symbol is the _______ meaning

denotative meaning

Which of the following is not a psychographic characteristic according to textbook?

emotion what they are: belief value need attitude

"The main cause of climate change is human activity" is a proposition of

fact

Speeches that are read to the audience are _____ speeches.

manuscript

Works that are published on an ongoing, regular basis are called

periodicals

A _____ is something that represents something else with which it has no inherent or direct relationship.

symbol

Which is not a general purpose for a speech?

to articulate

Speeches that are given with little or no preparation, "spur of the moment" are _____.

impromptu

What type of connective is this? "So far in the speech I have discussed the purpose of the Eifel Tower in French history and who its designers were."

internal summary

In this list of numbers, what is the median? 97, 96, 95, 93, 93, 90, 87, 86, 84, 78, 75, 74, 70, 68, 65.

86 just the one in the middle

Which of these statements is true about organization of speeches?

All audiences need organization and need help understanding the organization.

Which of the following is a basic objective of a speech introduction?

All but one of a-d Provide the direction of the speech with a thesis and preview Gain attention of the audience Establish rapport with the audience

________ is sharing meaning between two or more persons.

Communication

Mary wants to use a short survey to prepare her class speech. Her thesis is "Drivers over the age of 75 should be retested to renew their drivers licenses every two years." Her first question is "Do you oppose or support stricter regulations on elderly drivers to keep the roads safer?" Critique her first question.

It is not good because the wording is biased.

How is public speaking like other forms of communication such as conversation?

It requires a sensitivity to your audience and dependence on feedback.

Which of the following statements is true, according to the textbook?

The audience will not see your nervousness to the degree you feel it.

This textbook's preferred model of communication is

Transactional

Practice makes perfect, according to the textbook

True under some circumstances

Ben starts his speech this way: "Did you know that every year 2.7 million animals are euthanized in shelters? I don't know about you, but I find that number shocking. It's up to people like you to do something about this huge problem. In my speech I'll discuss this issue." Which is a good critique of this introduction?

Two of these are true. Ben has a good start, but he doesn't give a source on the statistic. Ben does not help his credibility with this introduction.

Which is true about attention as a psychological principle?

What we pay attention to is affected by past training or educational experiences.

Audiences are asking two basic questions while listening to a speaker.

Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker?

"To persuade my fellow communication majors to take part in a for-credit internship in their senior year" is a good specific purpose statement.

Yes, it is in the right format and specific

What is missing from this definition of public speaking, according to the textbook? "A face-to-face attempt to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people through words, physical delivery, and visual or audio aids."

a and b above the concept of organization the concept of intentionality or purposefulness

The analogy used in the book between an outline of a speech and the speech itself was between

a blue print and a house

what is denotative meaning

a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea comparing a word's denotation with its connotations

The meaning of heterogeneous is ___.

a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics

Which best defines a special occasion speech?

a speech designed to address and engage the context and audience's emotions at a specific event

Models of communication are helpful in understanding it, but limited because ___

communication is a dynamic process

To create interesting language in a special occasion speech, use a thesaurus for synonyms.

false

You are unlikely to give many special occasion speeches unless you are in sales, business, or marketing.

false

Three terms that are used interchangeably in regard to research are

peer-reviewed, academic, scholarly

According to the textbook, beliefs have certain characteristics that can make them hard to change (although not impossible). Which one is not one of the characteristics?

performance what they are: saliency strength centrality stability

You use a study done by a professor at the University of Arizona in your research. In this study, he did an experiment on perception involving college students and movie advertisements, and he published it in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. What type of research is this?

primary

If you find an article on the Internet that you want to use is behind a paywall, what should you do?

see if it's available in your college's library database

A major difference between a typical persuasion speech and a motivational speech is ______.

the motivational speech depends mainly on emotional arousal.

The meaning of connotative is ___.

the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual

Which is not an example of feedback?

the temperature in the room

When we say that values, needs, beliefs, and attitudes are "constructs," we mean

they are a way of describing and understand sources of human behavior

One tip for preparation that the textbook suggests is _________.

to eat protein for breakfast.

What is the best use of hands in a speech?

to use them to emphasize meaning and points

"Decode" is the process of the listener or receiver understanding the words and symbols of a message and making meaning of them.

true

A speaker wanting to use humor in his/her presentation should be sure to practice the joke or anecdote to maximize its effectiveness.

true

An anecdote is best used in the conclusion to a persuasive speech because of the emotional appeal.

true

An example of the denotative meaning of "park" is "a piece of land reserved for recreation and natural conservation."

true

Beliefs that we hold have two sources: our experiences and authorities we hold to be credible.

true

It is possible to use one organizational pattern for the main points and another for the subpoints.

true

One of the biggest mistakes you can make when standing to deliver a special occasion speech is to underprepare.

true

Some microphones are directional, meaning that they are only effective when you speak directly into them.

true

When the textbook states "Public speaking requires muscle memory" it means public speaking is a physical activity that relies on practice.

true

You should approach the concept of your audience's demographic characteristics both positively and negatively.

true

What should a presentation speech include?

two of a-c what the award involves (money, etc.) why the recipient is being awarded it

The term "planned redundancy" refers to _____.

using preview and summary statements and internal previews

"Truncated" in terms of researching materials refers to ____.

using the stem letters of a word that might appear in different forms

Which is not a factor of attention

visual aids factors of attention: conflict novelty suspense familiarity

Sounds and words such as "uh" or "you know" or "like" are called ___.

vocalized pauses

the term "tone" applied to slides means

how the design used supports the attitude the speaker wants to convey

Which of the following is a good use of statistical material in a speech?

Comparing large numbers to more recognizable concepts, like the national debt to the distance to the moon.

The text on slides should probably not go smaller than _____ font.

22 point

If your speech is supposed to be 6-8 minutes long, which of these is best to shoot for when you time and practice your speech, so you are not under time nor over time?

7:00

The set of three statements that exemplifies deduction (such as, "All DSC students are intelligent," etc.) is called

A syllogism

Tanya wanted to use a flipchart for her speech on the flaws in capital punishment laws. What should she be concerned about?

All of a-c Answers: Because it does not look as professional as slides, it may lessen her credibility Flipcharts are for interactive speeches, and hers is not interactive. The audience may not be able to see it equally.

Which of the following is not one of the canons of rhetoric?

Appearance

If you were going to give a speech on the average number of A grades freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors got in Spring 2016 at your college, which graph would be best?

Bar graph

Which is not good advice for using statistics in a speech?

Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech devoted to statistical material.

Which is an example of the concept of "chunking"?

Combining a series of 15 steps into 4 basic categories of steps in a demonstration speech.

Ned wants to give a speech in his class about a subject he is very interested in, his band. He feels he is an expert because of his experience. His specific purpose is "To inform my classmates why starting a band is a cool idea." Which of the following is a reasonable response to this specific purpose statement?

He needs to reword the specific purpose statement mostly to focus on the communication word being fulfilled in the speech.

The purpose of the lectern is to _____.

Hold speakers' notes

What is the idea behind the canons of rhetoric?

It is a traditional way of explaining the process of public speaking.

Which statement is not true about attitude?

It is similar to mood. what is true: It is studied a great deal. It is closely linked to action or behavior. It is about the positive or negative response to something or someone

Janna is giving a speech about reducing the amount of carbohydrates in our diets. She says, "Many people think that we should have six or seven servings of carbohydrates every day. But they are wrong."

Janna should bring up what people think, but not so bluntly.

Which is most true about speaking locations?

Outdoors can be the most challenging.

Which of the following is not true?

Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience.

The acronym WIIFM refers to

The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them.

Which is not a principle of slide design?

Use of different transitions for each new slide

Which is not a principle of slide design?

Use of different transitions for each new slide what they are: Visibility Tone as shown in color and fonts Scale and proportion balance and symmetry

How can movement/activity be applied as a factor of attention in a speech?

Use transitions to keep the sense of movement in the speech.

Contrast in color is important to slides for what reasons?

Visibility of font against the background Emphasis Show hierarchy and organization of ideas All of a-c

Why should a speaker use clipart on the slides?

When it is appropriate for the tone and purpose of the speech

A straw man argument takes place when

a speaker takes a weak or faulty but small part of an opponent's position and blows it up out of proportion.

Wikipedia's value to you as you research your speech is

a. to get common knowledge, basic material on a source b. to get other sources you can use

What is one of the errors toast-makers commit?

all of a-c Answers: they talk about themselves they talk too long they speak to the audience instead of the toastee

Why is it best to consider persuasion as a change or movement in the audience's mind that happens on a continuum or range over time?

all of a-c So that you can see any movement toward the right as progress. So that you can be realistic about not moving the audience from -3 to +2 So you can get a visual idea of where your audience is "located" on the range.

Which of these is an example of writing style as a test of a website?

all of a-c loaded language errors use of name-calling

"Dan is a political science major. Therefore, he should be elected Student Government President." This is probably an example of:

an enthymeme

This definition: "Diabetes is a disease affecting the endocrine system" is an example of

classification and differentiation

"The system of learned and shared symbols, language, values, and norms that distinguish one group from another" is

culture

Which of the following types of supporting materials work for "proof" as opposed to clarifying?

expert testimony

In a speech of introduction you should be sure to _______.

explain why the speaker is qualified, why the audience should listen, or care about topic, and the topic/title of the speech

The specific purpose "To persuade my audience that sex education reduces teen pregnancy" is a proposition of

fact

A central idea statement is the same as the specific purpose statement.

false

An introvert is unlikely to become an effective public speaker.

false

Anecdotes are almost always the most effective way to start a speech, regardless of the topic.

false

Attention is the audience members' responsibility and not something the speaker can directly affect.

false

Beliefs are true statements about the world around us that determine our behavior.

false

If a public speaker has several good reasons in support of his/her proposition, it is unnecessary to bring up and discuss the objections his/her audience may be thinking about in regard to the proposition.

false

In the communication process, one person does the encoding and the other person does the decoding.

false

It is a realistic goal to move your audience from a negative 3 position to a plus 1 position on the continuum.

false

Learning from other public speakers, and emulating their techniques, is unethical.

false

Parallelism is a requirement for organized speeches.

false

Planned redundancy is not relevant to introductions and conclusions.

false

Secondary sources are not reliable and you should stay away from them for college research.

false

Since the commencement speech is about the graduates, speakers should refrain from referring to themselves or their own experiences.

false

The concept of "target audience" means that you only have a certain number of people in the audience who care about the topic and you should therefore not be concerned about the others.

false

The text, quoting Dr. Caulfield, suggests that students go downstream of the source to see who else is using the information in their writing.

false

The textbook for your class is an example of a primary source because it was written by college professors.

false

In terms of public speaking, how should you approach using animals and persons as presentation aids?

get permission from the person and forewarn the instructor and audience about animals in the room.

Cicero formulated the canons of rhetoric. Which is the correct order?

invention, organization, style, memory, delivery

Humor is never appropriate in a eulogy.

it depends

Which statement is not necessarily true about a central idea statement?

it is identical to a thesis statement as you would do for English Composition class.

Which statement is true about the action step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the problem

Which is a researched-based observation about how men and women communicate differently?

men are socialized to solve problems even when it's not expected

This is a valid argument. "All tall people are from a European background. Benjamin is over 6'5". He is therefore from a European background."

no

This is a valid argument. "All working registered nurses in this hospital have passed the state boards. Marian has passed the state boards. She is therefore working in this hospital."

no

Anything that disrupts, interrupts, or interferes with the communication process is

noise

The textbook's preferred definition of persuasion _____.

notes that persuasion is a symbolic process

If you were giving a speech on the need for labor unions to be strong in American society, which of the following would be the most relevant demographic characteristic?

occupation

The correct name for a raised platform or stage is ____.

podium

What kind of logical fallacy is this argument? "Governor Deal should not have been elected. After he was re-elected in 2014, the water bills of everyone in my neighborhood went up 20%."

post hoc ergo propter hoc

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "Why should we be concerned about climate change? There are human problems in this country, like poverty, that need our attention."

red herring

Speech topics such as supporting the police, buying a security system, or investing for retirement appeal to the ____ level of Maslow's hierarchy.

safety and security needs

Statistics include numerical facts, ratios, percentages, and more complex ways of analyzing and comparing numerical data.

true

The meaning of channel is ___.

the means through which a message gets from sender to receiver

When the textbook discusses the concept of "reservations," it means ____.

the rebuttals the audience is thinking about during the speech

In decades past, economists used to joke that the stock market went up and down with the length that the fashion world prescribed for women's skirts; if the stock market went down, skirts were worn longer. What kind of reasoning were they using?

this is sign reasoning, but a fallacious example, because the two are not really connected

"Jenna is as mean as a snake before she gets her coffee in the morning" is a figurative analogy.

true

An example of a presentation aid that utilized the gustatory would be samples of a particular food about which you are speaking.

true

Conclusions from inductive reasoning can be disproven by examples that contradict the pattern.

true

One way that emotions in an audience can be activated is by the speaker's use of visuals.

true

The correct sequence for formulating your central idea statement is to start with how your own interests, your audience, and your speech context flow together to create the specific purpose and then the central idea.

true

Today's library catalogs include electronic books as well as physical books on the shelves, or "stacks" of the library you are accessing.

true

Using research properly relates to the ethics and credibility of a speech.

true

When choosing evidence, choose evidence your audience is unlikely to have been exposed to before hearing your speech.

true

Manuscript speeches are best for _____.

very formal occasions where exact wording is needed

In the example, "According to a study by the University of Washington, single men in the United States develop heart disease at an average of 40 percent higher than single women. It seems clear, then, that being male is a contributing factor in developing poor health." Is a fallacy committed?

yes, false cause