public speaking exam 1

specific purpose statements should be

a full statement that commits to one distinct idea

central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

specific purpose

a single phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

preview statement

a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body

open ended questions

answer however you want

possible organizations of a speech

chronological, spatial (directional) causal, problem-solution, topical

aim of informative speech

convey knowledge or information

delivery cues

directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech

guidelines of informative speech

don't overestimate what the audience knows, relate the subject to the audience, avoid being too technical, avoid abstractions, personalize ideas, be creative

steps for developing speech

focus topic, develop topic

demographic audience analysis

focuses on age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, race, culture, ethnicity

sponsorship

if an organization published the material, is it impartial enough to cite

3 judgements of informative speeches

info communicated accurately, clearly, and is interesting to audience

organization of a speech

introduction, body, conclusion

audience-centeredness

keep the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

types of informative speeches

on objects, processes, events, concepts

three methods for brainstorming are

personal inventory, clustering, internet search

fixed alternative questions

questions that offer a choice btwn two or more alternatives

recency

recent info?

scale questions

require responses at fixed intervals along a spectrum of answers

situational audience analysis

size of audience, physical setting, and disposition of the audience

three kinds of supporting materials

statistics, examples, testimony

peer testimony

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

general purpose

the broad goal of a speech (such as to inform or persuade)

visual framework

the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas

egocentrism

the tendency of people to be concerned with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

residual message

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

authorship

who is the author of a document