public speaking exam 1
specific purpose statements should be
a full statement that commits to one distinct idea
central idea
a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
specific purpose
a single phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
preview statement
a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
open ended questions
answer however you want
possible organizations of a speech
chronological, spatial (directional) causal, problem-solution, topical
aim of informative speech
convey knowledge or information
delivery cues
directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech
guidelines of informative speech
don't overestimate what the audience knows, relate the subject to the audience, avoid being too technical, avoid abstractions, personalize ideas, be creative
steps for developing speech
focus topic, develop topic
demographic audience analysis
focuses on age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, race, culture, ethnicity
sponsorship
if an organization published the material, is it impartial enough to cite
3 judgements of informative speeches
info communicated accurately, clearly, and is interesting to audience
organization of a speech
introduction, body, conclusion
audience-centeredness
keep the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
types of informative speeches
on objects, processes, events, concepts
three methods for brainstorming are
personal inventory, clustering, internet search
fixed alternative questions
questions that offer a choice btwn two or more alternatives
recency
recent info?
scale questions
require responses at fixed intervals along a spectrum of answers
situational audience analysis
size of audience, physical setting, and disposition of the audience
three kinds of supporting materials
statistics, examples, testimony
peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
general purpose
the broad goal of a speech (such as to inform or persuade)
visual framework
the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker's ideas
egocentrism
the tendency of people to be concerned with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
residual message
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech
authorship
who is the author of a document
