Public Speaking Final

True

A paradigm is a pattern that describes distinct concepts or thoughts in any scientific discipline or other epistemological context. T/F

True

A speaking outline is used for the presentation of a speech and contains only enough information to remind the speaker of what to say. It is essentially a list of short key words or phrases that help the speaker stay on track and promotes good eye contact with the audience. T/F

thesis statement

According to your textbook, _____ is one sentence or statement that succinctly and accurately lets the audience know what the speech will be about and what the speaker plans to accomplish in the speech.

Proposition of Fact

Choose the most appropriate propositional type for the following speech topic: "To persuade my audience that Walmart hurts/helps small towns and businesses."

Proposition of Value

Choose the most appropriate propositional type for the following speech topic: "To persuade my audience that hunting is cruel treatment of animals."

Proposition of Policy

Choose the most appropriate propositional type for the following speech topic: "To persuade my audience that stricter laws should be passed for elderly drivers."

Simile

Comparisons made by speaking of one thing in terms of another using the word "like" or "as" to make the comparison are called __________.

True

Demographics are widely used by advertising and public relations professionals to analyze specific audiences so that their products or ideas will carry influence. T/F

True

Encoding is the process of taking a mental image, associating the image with words, and then speaking those words. T/F

our moral principles.

Ethical communication is an exchange of responsible and trustworthy messages determined by ___________________.

True

Ethical standards, or moral principles, are the set of rules we abide by that make us "good" people and help us choose right from wrong. T/F

True

Even if you do not plan to run for office, learning about public speaking helps you to listen more carefully to and critically evaluate other's speeches. T/F

Class

Example of personal public speaking.

TV Announcer

Example of professional public speaking.

Democracy

Example of public speaking.

True

Examples of commemorative or entertainment speeches include a toast, such as a best man's speech at a wedding reception; a eulogy to praise the dead; a commencement speech at graduation; or presenting an award. T/F

She is fishing in troubled waters.

Give an example of a metaphor.

Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

Give an example of a simile.

The soul selects her own society. -Emily Dickinson

Give an example of alliteration.

You're easy on the eyes-hard on the heart. -Terri Clark

Give an example of antithesis.

Splash

Give an example of onomatopoeia.

False

Global plagiarism occurs when most of the speech is the speaker's original work, but quotes or other information have been used without being cited. T/F

False

Informative speeches include a sales pitch to potential customers, a politician's campaign speech, or a debate during a public forum. T/F

1. Profanity 2. Exaggeration 3. Powerless Language

List THREE language pitfalls speakers should AVOID, according to the textbook.

Transitional Statements: phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct-but-connected idea to another. Internal Previews: lay out what will occur during your speech. Summaries: provide a recap of what has already been said

List and define the three types of signposts that may be used in a speech to help connect main points.

Situational Analysis Demographic Analysis Psychological Analysis Multicultural Analysis Topic Interest and Prior Knowledge Analysis

List the 5 different types of audience analysis:

Prepare Well Visualize Success Avoid Gimmicks Breathe and Release Minimize what you Memorize Practice Out Loud

List the 6 techniques from chapter 3 for building confidence in public speaking.

1. Prepare the audience for the end of the speech 2. Present any final appeals 3. Summarize and close 4. End with a clincher 5. Appeals and challenges

List the five functions of an effective speech conclusion.

1. Personal Appearance 2. Movements and Gestures 3. Facial Expressions 4. Eye Contact

List the four aspects of non-verbal delivery according to the textbook.

1. Gain attention and interest 2. Gain goodwill 3. Clearly state the purpose 4. Preview and structure the speech

List the four functions of a speech introduction.

personal appearance

No matter the speech topic or audience, which type of visual aid requires your consideration in every speech?

False

One's frame of comprehension is the context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or evaluative criteria within which a person's perception and thinking seem always to occur; and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities. T/F

True

Patchwork plagiarism is plagiarism that occurs when one "patches" together bits and pieces from one or more sources and represents the end result as his or her own. T/F

Reasoned Arguments

Persuasion may be defined as "the art of convincing others to give favorable attention to our point of view." It is propelled by which of the following:

Hedges

Powerless phrases such as "I thought we should," "I sort of think," or "Maybe we should" that communicate uncertainty are _______________.

False

Preparing for a speech by memorizing a written script engages your mind just like that of a conversant speaker. T/F

True

Research indicates that 20% or more of the U.S. population has a high degree of communicative apprehension. T/F

Antithesis

Rhetorical strategy that uses contrasting statements in order to make a rhetorical point is called a/an __________________.

diction or enunciation

The accent, inflection, intonation and sound quality of a speaker's voice is called

Articulation

The act of producing clear, precise and distinct speech is called __________.

True

The best way to gain the audience's attention and interest in a speech introduction usually depends on the topic, the audience, and the occasion. T/F

Gaining goodwill of the audience by establishing credibility

The following passage from a speech introduction is an example of _____. After attending a seminar on currency security, I became fascinated by the technology developed by the Treasury Department to prevent the counterfeiting of paper money. I learned more about the subject by reading information from the Treasury Department, as well as by interviewing Donna Marshall, a security expert at Bank of America.

True

The popular online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, is a great source for general information, but it should not be used or cited as a credible source in your speech. T/F

Tempo

The rate, pace, or rhythm of speech is called

False

The transactional model of communication is seen as a one-way process of transmitting a message from one person to another person. T/F

to set and meet responsible speech goals.

The two most important aspects in ethical communication include your ability to remain honest while avoiding plagiarism and ________________.

True

To evaluate sources and narrow the support you use for a speech topic, you should always evaluate each source based on quality and credibility. T/F

Slang

Type of language that most people understand but that is not considered acceptable in formal or polite conversation is called _____________.

Inflection

Variations, turns and slides in pitch to achieve meaning is ______________.

a bond between the speaker and the audience.

We analyze our audience because we want to discover information that will help create ________________________.

Cognitive dissonance

What do you call the psychological discomfort felt when a person is presented with two competing ideas or pieces of evidence?

A paraphrase shares information in the speaker's own words. A direct quote conveys the original source's idea word for word and requires a source citation.

What is the difference between paraphrasing and directly quoting a source?

False

When designing a presentation, it is acceptable to incorporate a large variety of bright colors along with numerous special effects, such as glitzy transitions, wipes, fades, moving text, sounds, etc. T/F

False

When designing slides for a presentation, it is acceptable to have a slide that shows 2-3 different concepts as long as it can be understood by the audience in less than 10 seconds. T/F

Library Database

When doing online research for an academic assignment, which search engine should you always check first to find the most credible sources?

False

When your general purpose is to persuade, you act as a teacher or lecturer. T/F

Visuals may be complicated as long as they look professional.

Which of the following is NOT true of visual aids?

Topical

Which speech organizational style would be best for a speech with this specific purpose statement: To inform my audience about the four major elements necessary for rope climbing

PowerPoint slides with photos

Which visual aid would be most appropriate for showing an audience how to distinguish between poisonous and non-poisonous snakes?

Boolean Operators

_____ are words or symbols that illustrate the relationship between search terms and help the search engine expand or limit results.

Identification

__________ is the connection that is fostered between the speaker and his/her audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes.

Propositions of policy

an argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action

Propositions of value

an argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something

Propositions of fact

an argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false

Extemporaneous

carefully prepared and rehearsed but delivered using notes of key words and phrases to support the speaker

Pathos

emotional appeal

Message

involves those verbal and nonverbal behaviors, enacted by communicators, that are interpreted with meaning by others

Logos

logical means of proving an argument

Impromptu

made up on the spot- unprepared and unrehearsed

Chronological Speech

main points are delivered according to when they happened and could be traced on a calendar or clock

Topical Speech

main points are developed separately and are generally connected together within the introduction and conclusion

Trait-Anxiety

meaning that it is a type of anxiety that is aligned with an individual's personality

State-Anxiety

meaning that it is a type of anxiety that is derived from the external situation which individuals find themselves

Worldview

overall framework through which an individual sees, thinks about, and interprets the world and interacts with it

Communicator

refers to all of the people in the interaction or speech setting

Noise

refers to anything that interferes with message transmission or reception

Ethos

speaker's credibility

Frame of reference

the context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or evaluative criteria within which a person's perception and thinking seem always to occur; and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities

Encoding

the process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message

Decoding

the reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning those words into mental images

Manuscript

the speech is written and the speaker reads it word for word to the audience

Channel

very simply the means through which the message travels

Memorized

when the manuscript is committed to memory and recited to the audience verbatim

Spatial Speech

which arranges main points according to their physical and geographic relationships

Scrutiny Fear

which stems from an activity that does not necessarily involve interacting with other people, but is simply the fear of being in a situation where one is being watched or observed, or one perceives him or herself as being watched, while undertaking an activity

Context

which the speech or interaction takes place