PY 302 Exam 2

​Which of the following might help to explain the vast differences in the incidence of eating disorders among men and women

The fact that puberty brings boys' bodies closer to the societal ideal and girls' bodies further from the societal ideal

Which of the following statements is FALSE about dissociative identity disorder?​

The frequency of switching increases with age.

With regard to dissociative identity disorder, the term "alter" refers to within the individual.​

a different personality

The common feature in almost every case of DID is​

a history of severe child abuse

Binge-eating disorder is characterized by .

a lack of compensatory behaviors

Joe just ate six chili dogs and drank a liter of soda. If Joe suffers from illness anxiety disorder, he would probably interpret any resulting stomach discomfort as​

a sign that something is seriously wrong with his stomach.

According to your book, controlled drinking is believed to be

a variable alternative to absence

Sleepwalking is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT​

acting out a dream

Although most psychoactive substances interact with specific substances in brain cells, the effects of are much more complex because several different neurotransmitter systems are affected.​

alcohol

The probability that a person will recover from a major depressive episode within 1 year approaches 90% in

almost all cases

One aspect of the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is .​

amnesia

The chief motivating factor in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is

an overwhelming urge to be thin

​The most significant feature of bulimia nervosa is .

binge eating followed by compensatory behavior

A person who is physiologically dependent on a drug will experience​

both tolerance and withdrawal

The effectiveness of reassurance in treating Illness Anxiety Disorder is a "surprising" because​

by definition, patients with these disorders are not supposed to respond to reassurance.

Studies of faking, amnesia, and hypnosis, such as the one conducted by Spanos (1996), suggest that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder​

can be developed through therapist suggestion and reinforcement

​A common medical complication found in both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa is

cessation of menstrual cycle

​The peripartum onset specifier is used to characterize a severe manic or depressive episode with psychotic features that occurs in a woman immediately before or after

childbirth

All of the following analgesic substances are classified as opiates EXCEPT .

cocaine

Until 1903, Coca-Cola contained which of the following?​

cocaine

All of the following are hallucinogens EXCEPT .​

codine

The existence of a cross-gendered alter in dissociative identity disorder is

common

A component that seems to be an integral part of substance abuse therapy is

contingency management

Tom was in a coma after an automobile accident which killed his wife. His physical health improved and there is no medical reason why he should not be able to move his arms and legs. Tom may be suffering from:​

conversion disorder

Differences in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) rates among women who drink may be due to differences.​

cultural/race

Individuals with depersonalization show​

decreased emotional responsiveness.

Factitious disorder imposed on another is often characterized by​

deliberate actions directed toward making a child sick

Angelina has had difficulty falling asleep for some time. She started taking a prescribed sleeping pill every night for her insomnia. Now, she needs the pill to fall asleep. Without it, she will toss and turn all night, getting little sleep. Angelina is​

dependent and not drug abusive

Jason suddenly notices that the world looks weird to him. Some objects look bigger than normal and others look smaller. Cars passing by seem oddly shaped and people appear dead or mechanical. Joe is experiencing________.​

derealization

The drug called Antabuse helps people abstain from drinking alcohol by

disrupting breakdown of a byproduct of alcohol, leading to feelings of illness

A man who finds himself living in a small town in Alaska with no recall of how he got there may have___________.​

dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

The most common reason that anorexic individuals generally do not seek treatment on their own is that they

do not truly believe that they are too thin.

Stimulation of the neurons in the "pleasure pathway" (the site in the brain that seems to be involved in the experience of pleasure) probably causes the "high associated with cocaine use.​

dopamine

Being depressed the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack.

doubles

Of the following, the correct pairing is .

dyssomnia - inability to fall asleep

One method that is used to reduce the financial burden associated with somatic symptom disorder is____________.​

encouraging patients to speak to family and friends about their symptoms

A mother who repeatedly seeks medical treatment for her child's unusual illness and is overly involved in the child's treatment might need to be assessed for

factitious disorder imposed on another

Dissociative identity disorder is most commonly found in . ​

females

Although most impulse control disorders are considered rare, one that affects an increasing number of people is

gambling disorder

Which of the following would NOT be an example of substance use?

getting drunk

​The death rate (including suicide) due to anorexia nervosa is

higher than that any psychological disorder reviewed in your text.

All of the following are symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol EXCEPT____________.

hypersomnia

​Sam sleeps for 8 or more hours every night but never feels rested. He can't understand why he is always tired despite the fact that he reports no difficulties with the quality or quantity of his sleep. Of the following, Sam's most likely diagnosis is

hypersomnolence disorder

Illness anxiety disorder was formerly known as

hypochondriasis

​Between 1960 and 1995, most Western countries experienced a dramatic

increase in the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

​Genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve

inherited personality traits that may make development of an eating disorder more likely.

Because of its impact on GABA receptors, alcohol neuronal communication.​

inhibits

Nikki has decided to stop smoking (again). She can expect to experience which of the following withdrawal symptoms?

irritability

Ecstasy, or MDMA,​

is now used more than LSD

Samson knows that he has a cold but goes to the movie theatre anyway. When you confront him about being sick, he replies "misery loves company." Samson is showing evidence of:​

its NOT -Factitious disorder -somatic symptom disorder -conversion disorder

Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of ________ in the maintenance of sleep disorders

learning

​A relative of yours has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Your family is impressed when you mention that the preferred drug for this condition is .

lithium

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women include all of the following EXCEPT

low value placed on intimate relationships.

A person who fakes symptoms for a goal is called a___________, while a person who fakes a disease for no clear goal has a____________disorder:​

malingerer; factitious

​A 35-year-old individual named Manny has recently formulated an elaborate plan to cure AIDS with vitamin therapy. To provide funding for this cause, he has withdrawn all the money from his bank account and purchased thousands of jars of vitamins and small boxes in which to put them. When he appeared at a hospital emergency room loudly demanding names of patients with AIDS, he himself was hospitalized for psychiatric observation. What is your diagnosis of Manny?

manic episode

The increase in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has been referred to as a "collision between our culture and our physiology." The most accurate interpretation of this statement is that

media standards of beauty are increasingly unattainable for the average woman.

​Two factors that help regulate our natural sleep/wake cycles are

melatonin and light

​Susan, a woman of relatively normal weight, sometimes eats huge quantities of junk food with no ability to stop herself. She follows this with long periods of complete fasting. Based on this information, Susan

might be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.

Although it's name has changed from DSM-IV to DSM-5, hypochondriasis is essentially an emotional disturbance triggered by​

misinterpretation of normal physical sensations

​Bariatric surgery is

more successful than dieting for the treatment of the very obese.

While suddenly and unexpectedly falling asleep during normal waking hours, Sarah experiences vivid hallucinations of being in a horrible car crash. The experience is so realistic that she actually feels physical sensations as if the hallucination were real. Sarah's most likely diagnosis is

narcolepsy

​Yesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets. Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that, in behavioral terms, aspirin to remove a headache would be thought of as a ________ reinforcer.

negative

​The families of anorexia nervosa patients are typically characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

open communication

In studies conducted by Elizabeth Loftus and her colleagues (Loftus, 2003; Loftus, Coan, and Pickrell, 1996), individuals were told about false events that had supposedly occurred when they were children. The results of this study indicated that​

people can become quite convinced of events that never happened.

​Cataplexy as experienced by patients with narcolepsy can be characterized by

physical collapse

The most successful weight loss programs are

professionally directed behavior modification programs.

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy is:​

rare and considered child abuse.

​In regard to the relationship between stress and depression, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT

recurrent episodes of depression, but not initial episodes, are strongly predicted by major life stress

The part of the treatment plan for DID that is similar to the treatment plan for posttraumatic stress disorder is​

reliving the trauma (catharsis).

Minerva was extremely anxious and worried about everything. She thought that something terrible would happen and worried what people thought about her. Her doctor most likely prescribed to help her.​

sedative

​All of the following are examples of causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorder EXCEPT ____________.

sleep rebound

Which of the following terms is the definition of hypnotic?

sleep-inducing

With regard to the treatment of somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder, research exploring the use of reassurance in a process called "explanatory therapy" showed that

some significant gains were achieved.

The modern view of the causes of conversion disorder is​

somewhat similar to the causes that Freud described for this disorder.

​Medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices, and .

surgery

In dissociative identity disorder, the transition from one personality to another is called a .​

switch

Cravings seem to be exacerbated by​

the availability of drugs. specific moods ​places and objects associated with drug taking.

Seriously obese adolescents are most likely to lose weight with

the use of behavioral treatments.

The prevailing view that alcohol abuse usually follows a predictable downward spiral was based on Jellinek's mid 20th century survey of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members that asked them how alcohol had affected them physically and psychologically. Data from this survey are now considered inaccurate because​

too few AA members answered the survey questions.

With regard to the studies of DID described in your text regarding faking, amnesia, and hypnosis, as well as the studies regarding the physiological changes that occur in the different personalities, the most accurate statement is​

while DID symptoms can be faked or developed through suggestion, many physiological changes observed in DID patients would be very difficult to fake.

An essential element of illness anxiety disorder is

worry

An essential element of illness anxiety disorder is .​

worry

Which of the following young women appears to be at the highest risk for developing an eating disorder?

​Bonnie, whose family is perfectionistic, successful, and eager to maintain harmony

The correct pairing of the names, causes, and symptoms of two types of organic brain syndromes that may result from chronic, long-term alcohol abuse are​

​Broca's disease - confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and unintelligible speech caused by a deficiency of the vitamin called thiamine.

​Which of the following is NOT TRUE about a hypomanic episode?

​It causes marked impairment in social or occupational functioning.

According to Jellinek's model (no longer considered accurate but still of scientific interest), an individual with alcoholism progresses through four stages. Which of the following INCORRECTLY describes the characteristic behaviors associated with each of Jellinek's stages?

​Prealcoholic stage - hangovers, DWI or DUI charges, blackouts

Which of the following is an accurate statement about alcoholism?​

​The factors that determine a drinker's susceptibility to alcoholism are not yet fully understood.

​Which of the following is NOT true about the relationships between the media and attitudes about body shape?

​The media has no impact on body image.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about tricyclics?

​They can be accompanied by very unpleasant side effects.

Relapse prevention refers to a treatment mode that views relapse as

​a failure of cognitive and behavioral coping skills

​In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to as the crucial factor in depression.

​a sense of hopelessness

One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means

​an inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

Legally available narcotic medications, including morphine and codeine, are used primarily as

​analgesics

Studies of foreign-born students who are attending Western universities show that

​anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are observed in some students who were raised in countries where these disorders do not exist

One reason that DID can be misdiagnosed as psychosis is that​

​auditory hallucinations are common in both disorders

In a laboratory research study involving "drug addiction" in animals, it was demonstrated that the positive reinforcing effect of drugs was​

​free from social and cultural influences.

In trying to understand why some people continue to use drugs until they become dependent on them and others are able to stop before this happens, it is important to conside

​how sensitive a person is to the positive effects of alcohol when it is first ingested and to the positive effects a few hours later

Although Jill feels fine now and believes that she is healthy, she still worries endlessly about developing a serious illness. Most likely Jill would be diagnosed with​

​illness anxiety disorder.

Which of the following is NOT true about dieting:

​is less problematic than previously thought.

The best conclusion about the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for the diagnosis of depression is that

​it is not useful as a diagnostic tool.

Jill has been in treatment for anorexia nervosa for the past 2 months. Over this time, she has gained weight to the point where her weight is in the average range for a woman of her height. The fact that she gained weight fairly quickly in treatment means

​little in terms of how likely she is to be successful in the long term.

​With regard to treatment for eating disorders, Prozac is considered to be an effective treatment in the long term for

​neither anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

In behavioral terms, drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they

​stop a person from feeling pain

​Recent evidence indicates a higher level of ______ in patients with bipolar disorder that was marked by a rapid cycling pattern compared to those with a non-rapid cycling pattern.

​suicide

During a dissociative fugue state, it is not uncommon for individuals to​

​take on a new identity.

The antidepressant medications known as imipramine (Tofranil) and amitriptyline (Elavil) are included in the class of drugs called

​tricyclics.

Possible reasons for the higher rates of depression found in women relate to the disadvantages experienced by women in the United States such as

-Discrimination and poverty -abuse and sexual harassment

​Recent research suggests that

-electroconvulsive therapy seems to produce neurogenesis in the hippocampus -low hippocampal volume may precede and contribute to the onset of depression -the suppression of neurogenesis in the hippocampus is due to the connection between high stress hormones and depression.

With respect to eating disorders, drug treatments

-had no benefit in preventing relapse in patients with anorexia nervosa. -have not been found to be effective in the treating of anorexia nervosa. - ​do not have long-lasting effects on bulimia nervosa.

The drugs that directly stimulate the internal reward center or pleasure pathways in the brain include

-​amphetamines and cocaine -​the opiates

How many symptoms must a patient display to meet the DSM-5 diagnoses of a severe Substance Use Disorder?​

1

The overwhelming majority of people with anorexia are ____ of their normal weight.

10%

The average number of alter personalities observed in individuals with dissociative identity disorder is______________.​

15

"Depressive neuroses" were more formalized and named Mood Disorders beginning in the: ​

1980s

A report from the Substance Abuse and Health Services Administration (2012) indicates that just under of Americans reported binge drinking in the month preceding the report.

24%

How many symptoms must a patient display to meet the DSM-5 diagnosis of a moderate Substance Use Disorder?​

4

​In research looking at the biological causes of mood disorders, studies have shown that if one of a set of twins has a mood disorder, the probability that the other twin will have a mood disorder is .

66%

Goodman et al. (2003) interviewed 175 individuals with documented child abuse histories and found that ______ of the subjects remembered and reported the abuse.​

81%

​Studies have found that adolescent girls of which race/ethnicity had less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive body image when compared to Caucasian adolescent girls?

African Americans

Which of the following types of drugs typically is used in large amounts to commit suicide?​

Barbiturates

​A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nervosa indicates that one year after treatment,

CBT was superior to IPT

​According to your textbook, which of the following treatments is considered MOST effective for bulimia in adults:

CBT-E

​Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to the treatment of binge-eating disorder?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-help appear to be effective.

​In comparing the length of untreated depressive episodes to untreated manic episodes, which of the following is an accurate statement?

Depressive episodes generally last longer

For which of the following groups has Alcoholics Anonymous shown to have mixed results?

Experience for all of these groups has been mixed.

Which of the following neurotransmitters affects the emotion of anxiety during alcohol use?

GABA

​The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT

GABA inhibitors

Among the so-called recreational or illicit "designer drugs" is a dissociative anesthetic that produces a sense of detachment along with a reduced awareness of pain. It is called .​

K or special K

Which of the following is a reason why physicians do not thoroughly explain illness to people with Illness Anxiety Disorder?​

Lack of time

Martin sits up every night screaming. He does not remember these terrors nor is he easily awakened or comforted. What should Martin's mother do?

Use scheduled awakenings to briefly awaken Martin before an attack occurs.