Py201 -Chapter 12

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. a. the fundamental attribution error b. the self-serving bias c. groupthink d. the actor-observer effect

A

Standards that define what is socially acceptable in a given situation are known as . For example, when in class, students raise their hand before asking a question. a. gender roles b. stereotypes c. social norms d. social roles

C

When Ginger goes on runs with her friends, she runs much faster than when she is alone. What is this an example of? a. social facilitation b. social loafing c. groupthink d. entrapment

A

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? a. because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities b. because girls are found to spend more time online c. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites d. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

D

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. a. fatuous b. companionate c. romantic d. consummate

B

Cognitive dissonance results when: a. one's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent. b. attraction is high between two people. c. a person makes the fundamental attribution error. d. stereotypes are confirmed through experience.

A

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. a. social norm b. social role c. heuristic d. script

A

Nick is a landlord. He believes that people with mental disorders are dangerous. As a result, he refuses to rent an apartment to anyone with a mental disorder. Nick's behavior of refusing to rent his apartments is an example of: a. discrimination. b. diffusion of responsibility. c. a stereotype. d. altruism.

A

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. a. John Cacioppo b. Stanley Milgram c. Solomon Asch d. Philip Zimbardo

D

While stuck in a traffic jam, Yani notices a frustrated driver frequently honking his horn. Yani thinks to himself, "That driver is a real jerk!" This is an example of a attribution. a. situational b. social c. cognitive d. dispositional

D

John believes that all Americans are lazy and rude. This is an example of: a. a stereotype. b. the self-serving bias. c. a situational attribution. d. discrimination.

A

Mike begs his mom to go to his friend Will's house for dinner. She agrees and after dinner, Mike calls his mom to ask if he can also spend the night. Mike is using the compliance technique. a. bait-and-switch b. foot-in-the-door c. door-in-the-face d. lowball

B

What is a social role? a. group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members b. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting c. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group d. group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

C

When Ruby wrecked her car, she told her parents that the sun was in her eyes, which caused her to crash. When Ruby received a perfect score on her math test, she attributed her success to her intelligence. Ruby is demonstrating: a. the actor-observer effect. b. social norms. c. the self-serving bias. d. prejudice.

C

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. a. effort justification b. in-group bias c. confirmation bias d. scapegoating

D

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. a. equal status b. equipoentiality c. just-world d. come-uppance

C

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? a. your similarity to others you meet b. your physical attractiveness c. your financial wellbeing d. the amount of contact you have with people

D

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. a. compliance b. peripheral c. central d. haloed

B

Lenny and Ruth have a love relationship characterized by high levels of intimacy and commitment. They have been married for 14 years and report that they haven't experienced passion in their relationship for some time. Using the triangular model, their love would be described as: a. fatuous love. b. companionate love. c. consummate love. d. romantic love.

B

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? a. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year b. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking c. getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether d. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

C

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. a. self-fulfilling prophecy b. representativeness bias c. availability heuristic d. confirmation bias

D

The tendency to attribute behavior to dispositional causes without regard to situational influences is known as: a. the actor-observer effect. b. the fundamental attribution error. c. prejudice. d. the self-serving bias.

B

When people explain their own behavior by making a situational attribution and the behavior of others by making a dispositional attribution, it is called: a. stereotyping. b. the actor-observer effect. c. self-serving bias. d. self-fulfilling prophecy.

B

Janice leads a team of 20 employees. If Janice wants to reduce the chances of social loafing in her team, she should do all of the following EXCEPT: a. evaluate performance for the group as a whole. b. give public feedback on each team member's performance. c. increase the appeal of the team's task. d. increase the visibility of each individual's contribution in the group.

A

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. b. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. c. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. d. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior.

A

Which of the following is an example of a dispositional attribution? a. Don helped his friend, Matt, study for his math test because he is a caring person. b. Dave received a raise at work because his uncle is his boss. c. Kelly cheated on her history test because she didn't have time to study due to taking care of her sick nephew. d. Sheila was late to work because she had to drive her neighbor to his doctor's appointment.

A

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? a. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use b. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking c. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week d. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? a. foot-in-the-door technique b. door-in-the-face strategy c. effort justification strategy d. lowball technique

A

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. a. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting b. written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities c. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation d. prescription for psychotropic medicine

A

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. a. discrimination b. prejudice c. a stereotype d. conformity

B

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? a. Simon retreats to a corner and mopes b. Simon bites his mother c. Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon d. Simon goes to sleep

B

Daniel's friends are a year older than him. They took calculus last year and constantly complained about the difficulty of the class. Daniel is taking calculus this year and he doesn't expect that he is capable of passing the class. As a result, he never does his homework or studies and he ends up with a failing midterm grade. This is an example of: a. cognitive dissonance. b. a self-fulfilling prophecy. c. the actor-observer effect. d. the self-serving bias.

B

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. a. groupthink b. reciprocity c. altruism d. infatuation

B

In 1963, a psychologist at Yale University conducted a study in which an authority figure (the experimenter) instructed participants to shock who they thought was another participant each time they answered a question incorrectly.__________ conducted this experiment in order to study __________. a. Stanley Milgram; conformity b. Stanley Milgram; obedience c. Solomon Asch; obedience d. Solomon Asch; conformity

B

Lamar asks his dad for a new Lexus for his birthday. When his dad quickly shuts his request down, Lamar asks his dad for a much less expensive used Chevy and his dad agrees. What compliance technique is Lamar using? a. bait-and-switch b. door-in-the-face c. foot-in-the-door d. lowball

B

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. a. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion b. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition c. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics d. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

B

According to research discussed in your textbook, prejudice is reduced when: a. members of different groups are forced to live with one another. b. an intellectual argument against prejudice is made. c. members of different groups are made to work together to achieve a common goal. d. groups are asked to pretend they like each other.

C

Personal explanations formed about causes of behavior or events that we see are called: a. self-fulfilling prophecies. b. attitudes. c. attributions. d. social schemas.

C

When making a group decision, Corey and colleagues typically discourage debate about various ideas and focus on building consensus for their manager's ideas. This practice is typical in: a. diffusion of responsibility. b. social loafing. c. groupthink. d. legitimization of authority.

C

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. a. Situationism b. Collectivism c. Dispositionism d. Moralism

C

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. a. companionate b. romantic c. fatuous d. consummate

D

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? a. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers b. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions c. when they feel sure of their own decisions d. when the correct choice is unclear

D

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. a. associate b. union c. ally d. confederate

D

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? a. when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone b. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority c. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately d. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

D

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. a. sympathy b. infatuation c. instrumental support d. empathy

D

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? a. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. b. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. c. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. d. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

D

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? a. voting publicly in front of group members b. having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins c. avoiding the development of any contingency plans d. having group members vote anonymously

D

Which statement about groupthink is correct? a. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. b. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. c. Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. d. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

D