python Ch 1

What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

A syntax error

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

A utility program

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

ASCII

What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program?

An interpreter

3. The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________.

CPU

What do the terms "digital data" and "digital device" mean?

Digital data is data that is stored in binary, and a digital device is any device that works with binary data.

True or False RAM is used to store data permanently

False

True or False Main memory is also known as RAM

True

An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is __________. a. binary numbering b. ASCII c. Unicode d. ENIAC

Unicode

What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off?

a bit

What do you call a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?

a compiler

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called __________. a. an output device b. an input device c. a secondary storage device d. main memory

an input device

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

application software

The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. interpreter

assembler

In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. a. hexadecimal b. binary c. octal d. decimal

binary

A byte is made up of eight __________. a. CPUs b. instructions c. variables d. bits

bits

A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. a. byte b. bit c. switch d. transistor

byte

A(n) __________ program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. a. assembler b. compiler c. translator d. utility

compiler

In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform. a. fetch b. decode c. execute d. immediately after the instruction is executed

decode

True or False Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches.

false

True or False Images, like the ones you make with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

false

True or False Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs

false

What are the basic operations that the CPU is designed to perform?

fetch -track all instructions and the CPU exucutes. decode- code is a binary instructions. code is translated into assmebly instructions. execute- example, calculations in ALU move data from one memory locations to another or jump to a different address. store= cpu give feedback after executing an instruction and the output data is written o the memory

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

input device

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________. a. binary instructions b. mnemonics c. commands d. key word

key word

Computers can only execute programs that are written in __________. a. Java b. assembly language c. machine language d. Python

machine language

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number?

one byte

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

output device

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________. a. bits b. bytes c. color packets d. pixels

pixels

A(n) __________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

program

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called __________.

secondary storage

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?

syntax

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________. a. syntax b. punctuation c. key words d. operators

syntax

Determine the value of 11001011.

this is a binary representation of positive and negative 0 or 1

What is a translator program? Describe its various kinds.

translator program is a computer program that performs that translation of a program written in any programming language: for example: python java raptor etc...

.True or False In a computer system, bits are tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge

true

True or False Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

true

True or False An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a highlevel language program

true

Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique. a. two's complement b. floating point c. ASCII d. Unicode

two's complement

What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the languages in the world?

unicode

When the computer is turned off, the contents of main memory are erased because it is __________.

volatile

What is a program?

A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________. a. 1 b. -1 c. 0 d. "no"

0

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

A compiler translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program. An interpreter both translates and executes the instructions of a high-level program.

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

A high-level language

What is hardware?

Hardware is all the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made

The Python interpreter is commonly called the __________ when it is running in interactive mode. a. Command prompt b. Python shell c. IDLE d. Interpreter terminal

IDLE

IDLE stands for a. Interactive Development Environment b. Integrated Development Environment c. Interprocess Development Environment d. Interface Development Environment

Integrated Development Environment

What is assembly language?

It is an alternative to machine language. Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics.

What is the purpose of ASCII?

It is an encoding scheme that uses a set of 128 numeric codes to represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters. These numeric codes are used to store characters in a computer's memory. (ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.)

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

Machine language

The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________.

Main memory

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

Main memory

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

Main memory, or RAM

What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Operating System

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

Secondary storage

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

The CPU

Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer

The CPU is the most important component in a computer because without it, the computer could not run software.

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

The binary numbering system

List the five major components of a computer system

The central processing unit (CPU), main memory, secondary storage devices, input devices, and output devices

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

The fetch-decode-execute cycle

What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent?

The number 1 represents a bit that is turned on. A bit that is turned off is the number 0.

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

The operating system