Python chapter 1

The smallest value that can be stored in a byte is

0

What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent?

1,0

ASCII is an encoding scheme that uses a set of __________ to store characters in a computer's memory

128 numeric codes

The largest value that can be stored in a byte is

255

he maximum value that can be stored in two bytes is

65,535

One byte is only enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

8 bits

Programmer or Software Developer

A person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs.

What is a program?

A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

software

A program or instructions that give directions to the computer.

assembler

A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software

What type of program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?

Compiler

What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?

Compiler translates code into machine language. An interpreter both translates and immediately executes the code that it translates.

A mistake that is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator is called a logical error.

False

Any data that is stored in binary is known as analog data.

False

True or False : Assembly language is considered a high-level language.

False

True or False : Images, like the ones created with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.

False

True or False : Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and macOS are all examples of application software.

False

True or False : Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.

False

True or False : syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False

True or False: Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches

False

Secondary Storage Devices

Hard disk, floppy disks, CD, DVD, jump drives

What term refers to the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made?

Hardware

assembly language

Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics

Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer?

It's the "brain" of the computer. Everything else is peripheral.

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in

Machine language

how do you convert negative numbers and real numbers to binary format?

Negative numbers are encoded using a technique known as two's complement, and real numbers are encoded in floating-point notation.

System software typically includes the following types of programs:

Operating Systems, Utility Programs, Software Development Tools

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?

RAM

the CPU is designed to perform operations such as the following:

Reading a piece of data from main memory Adding two numbers Subtracting one number from another number Multiplying two numbers Dividing one number by another number Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another Determining whether one value is equal to another value

machine language

The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the computer

source code or code

The statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language

What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the languages in the world?

The unicode

A high-level programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works.

True

The binary numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

True

True or False : An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.

True

True or False : Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.

True

True or False : Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.

True

If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see

a string of binary numbers

output device

allows the user to view or listen to the data a computer processes such as a monitor, printer, headphones, or speakers

Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

application software

Optical devices (CD or DVD)

are also popular for data storage.

The---------- translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

assembler

What format uses short words that are known as mnemonics?

assembly language

The term bit stands for

binary digit

A tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off is called a

bit

A(n)---------- program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

compiler

application software

computer software created to allow the user to perform a specific job or task

Secondary storage

consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage

Solid-state drives

data storage devices that serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips

In the------ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

decode

The amount of memory enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number is one bit.

false

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

fetch-decode-execute cycle

The ENIAC

first programmable computer

What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?

input device

When programming in _________ mode, the interpreter waits for you to type a Python statement on the keyboard and then executes it.

interactive

The program that can read Python programming statements and execute them is called a Python

interpreter

compiler

is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.

ASCII

is a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.

Unicode

is an extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII, but can also represent characters for many of the languages in the world.

Input

is any data the computer collects from people and from other devices.

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called

keywords

What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called?

keywords

Computers can only execute programs that are written in

machine language

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

main memory

mnemonics

memory aids such as " add, mul, mov."

The CPU is also often known as the

microprocessor

What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?

mnemonics

Input Devices

mouse, keyboard, scanner

What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

operating system

What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

operating system software

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

output device

utility program

performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data.

When programming in _________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and executes each statement as it reads it.

script

What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

secondary storage

A program is a(n) ________ that a computer follows to perform a task.

set of instructions

Programs are commonly referred to as

software

Software development tools

software tools that programmers use to create, modify, and test software

Main Memory (RAM)

storestores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance.s data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance.

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?

syntax

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called

syntax

bits

tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge.

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?

utility program