Python chapter 1
The smallest value that can be stored in a byte is
0
What number does a bit that is turned on represent? What number does a bit that is turned off represent?
1,0
ASCII is an encoding scheme that uses a set of __________ to store characters in a computer's memory
128 numeric codes
The largest value that can be stored in a byte is
255
he maximum value that can be stored in two bytes is
65,535
One byte is only enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.
8 bits
Programmer or Software Developer
A person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs.
What is a program?
A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.
software
A program or instructions that give directions to the computer.
assembler
A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Brain of the computer that performs instructions defined by software
What type of program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program?
Compiler
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
Compiler translates code into machine language. An interpreter both translates and immediately executes the code that it translates.
A mistake that is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator is called a logical error.
False
Any data that is stored in binary is known as analog data.
False
True or False : Assembly language is considered a high-level language.
False
True or False : Images, like the ones created with your digital camera, cannot be stored as binary numbers.
False
True or False : Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, and macOS are all examples of application software.
False
True or False : Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and games are all examples of utility programs.
False
True or False : syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.
False
True or False: Today, CPUs are huge devices made of electrical and mechanical components such as vacuum tubes and switches
False
Secondary Storage Devices
Hard disk, floppy disks, CD, DVD, jump drives
What term refers to the physical devices, or components, of which a computer is made?
Hardware
assembly language
Instead of using binary numbers for instructions, assembly language uses short words that are known as mnemonics
Why is the CPU the most important component in a computer?
It's the "brain" of the computer. Everything else is peripheral.
A CPU understands instructions that are written only in
Machine language
how do you convert negative numbers and real numbers to binary format?
Negative numbers are encoded using a technique known as two's complement, and real numbers are encoded in floating-point notation.
System software typically includes the following types of programs:
Operating Systems, Utility Programs, Software Development Tools
A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the CPU executes it?
RAM
the CPU is designed to perform operations such as the following:
Reading a piece of data from main memory Adding two numbers Subtracting one number from another number Multiplying two numbers Dividing one number by another number Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another Determining whether one value is equal to another value
machine language
The language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the computer
source code or code
The statements that a programmer writes in a high-level language
What encoding scheme is extensive enough to represent the characters of many of the languages in the world?
The unicode
A high-level programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works.
True
The binary numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s.
True
True or False : An interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language program.
True
True or False : Any piece of data that is stored in a computer's memory must be stored as a binary number.
True
True or False : Machine language is the only language that a CPU understands.
True
If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see
a string of binary numbers
output device
allows the user to view or listen to the data a computer processes such as a monitor, printer, headphones, or speakers
Word processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?
application software
Optical devices (CD or DVD)
are also popular for data storage.
The---------- translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.
assembler
What format uses short words that are known as mnemonics?
assembly language
The term bit stands for
binary digit
A tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off is called a
bit
A(n)---------- program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.
compiler
application software
computer software created to allow the user to perform a specific job or task
Secondary storage
consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage
Solid-state drives
data storage devices that serve the same purpose as a hard drive and store data in memory chips
In the------ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.
decode
The amount of memory enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number is one bit.
false
When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?
fetch-decode-execute cycle
The ENIAC
first programmable computer
What part of the computer collects data from people and from other devices?
input device
When programming in _________ mode, the interpreter waits for you to type a Python statement on the keyboard and then executes it.
interactive
The program that can read Python programming statements and execute them is called a Python
interpreter
compiler
is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program.
ASCII
is a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.
Unicode
is an extensive encoding scheme that is compatible with ASCII, but can also represent characters for many of the languages in the world.
Input
is any data the computer collects from people and from other devices.
The words that make up a high-level programming language are called
keywords
What are the words that make up a high-level programming language called?
keywords
Computers can only execute programs that are written in
machine language
What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?
main memory
mnemonics
memory aids such as " add, mul, mov."
The CPU is also often known as the
microprocessor
What are the short words that are used in assembly language called?
mnemonics
Input Devices
mouse, keyboard, scanner
What fundamental set of programs control the internal operations of the computer's hardware?
operating system
What type of software controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?
operating system software
What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?
output device
utility program
performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data.
When programming in _________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and executes each statement as it reads it.
script
What part of the computer holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?
secondary storage
A program is a(n) ________ that a computer follows to perform a task.
set of instructions
Programs are commonly referred to as
software
Software development tools
software tools that programmers use to create, modify, and test software
Main Memory (RAM)
storestores data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance.s data and information and is usually volatile; its contents are lost when electrical power is turned off. It plays a major role in a computer's performance.
Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is this set of rules called?
syntax
The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called
syntax
bits
tiny electrical components that can hold either a positive or a negative charge.
What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or a data backup program?
utility program