Quiz 1: Digestive System
Part of the nephron in the kidney
Bowman's capsule
The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.
False
What are two hormones secreted by the pancreas to aid digestion?
Glucagon and insulin.
What is starch?
a polymer of sugar
small intestine
fats
The "voice box," which contains the vocal cords in the neck
larynx
Cancer of the leukocytes, a disease more common in children
leukemia
A white blood cell
leukocyte
The common bile duct receives secretions from the:
liver, gall bladder, pancreas
A descending and ascending limb of kidney tubules
loop of Henle
Interstitial body liquid that is between the cells, not in them or in the circulation
lymph
Beadlike structures within the lymphatic system that purify the lymph
lymph nodes
The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland.
medulla
The back part of the throat cavity
pharynx
Blood vessels which carry blood to the heart are
superior vena cava, veins, and pulmonary veins.
The contraction of the ventricles, which pumps blood through the aorta and pulmonary arteries
systole
The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder.
ureter
the tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside
urethra
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.
urinary bladder
The thick, muscular cavities in the heart which pump the blood
ventricles
fingerlike projections which serve to increase the inner surface area for absorption of food
villi
What does the blood plasma contain?
water, waste materials, clotting factors, minerals, water, proteins, and nutrients.
Which arteries carry oxygenated blood?
- the arteries carrying blood to the body - the aorta
What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli?
Blood coming in from the cells releases CO2 and blood going to cells receives O2
All veins carry dark CO 2 rich blood.
False
External respiration includes expelling CO 2 from the cells.
False
The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis
abdominal cavity
taking in nutrients through the small intestine
absorption
Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the respiratory surface
alveoli
An irritation of the stomach lining results in
an ulcer
between the left ventricle and the aorta
aortic valve
Conducts the signal from the atria node to the ventricles
atrio-vertricular node
One of the two thin-walled chambers that receive blood into the heart from the veins
atrium
The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:
break down food so that nutrients can be absorbed into the blood
The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung
bronchi
Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs
bronchial tube
A very tiny tube that dead ends in a sac within the lungs
bronchiole
mouth and small intestine
carbphydrates
What is the function of bile?
causes fats to dissolve in water
Short filaments which wave to move mucus and debris out of the lungs
cilia
Heart attacks are associated with:
clogged coronary arteries
The outer part of organs like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney
cortex
The relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers during which they are filled with blood
diastole
responsible for changing the food we eat into simpler substances which can be used as nutrients for the body
digestion
A graph detecting the electrical changes in the heart as it beats
electrocardiogram
An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue
epiglottis
The end product of successive blood clotting chemical reactions is:
fibrin
The process of removing impurities from the blood
filtration
What can block the common bile duct?
gall stones
A hereditary disease in which the victim's blood does not clot well
hemophilia
The primary digestive substance in the stomach is
hydrochloric acid
a hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar
insulin
bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material
intestinal flora
a condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color
jaundice
Most absorption of water occurs in the:
large intestine
The sum of all body chemistry
metabolism
between the left atrium and the left ventricle
mitral valve
The functioning unit of the kidney for urine production
nephron
The central region or cavity of the kidney where urine collects
pelvis
The sac around the heart
pericardium
The process of a cell engulfing its food, sometimes called "cell eating"
phagocytosis
The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called
physiology
The liquid portion of the blood
plasma
The solid structures within the blood which are important in clotting
platelet
stomach and small intestine
proteins
A chemical involved in the clotting process of blood
prothrombin
between the right ventricle and the lungs
pulmonary valve
the valve at the lower end of the stomach
pylorus
What is the function of the cilia?
remove particles which have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus
Arteries taking blood into the kidneys
renal artery
Which veins carry oxygenated blood?
right and left pulmonary veins and all veins entering the left atrium
The liquid portion of the blood from which clotting factors have been removed
serum
A hereditary disease in African-Americans
sickle-cell anemia
A small mass of cardiac muscle that generates a normal heart beat
sino-atrial-node
Most absorption of food occurs in the:
small intestine
The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:
small intestine
The liver and pancreas are connected to the:
small intestine
The excretory system is involved with eliminating:
solid, liquid, and gas waste
An organ concerned with the storage and filtration of blood
spleen
between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
