Quiz #2

Automatic dialogue replacement (ADR)

computer rerecording

Four types of film sound

(1) vocal sounds, dialogue and narration, (2) environmental sounds, ambient sounds, effects and Foley sounds, (3) music and (4) silence

Motion capture

(also known as motion tracking or mocap) is a specific CGI effect in which a live-action subject wears a bodysuit fitted with reflective markers that enables a computer to record each movement as digital images.

Dailies

(or rushes) are synchronized picture/sound work prints of a day's shooting.

What is the length of a shot determined by?

1) the screenplay 2) the cinematography 3) the editing

Montage.

A mix that ideally includes multiple sources of diverse quality, levels, and placement and usually moves as rapidly as a montage of images

Fidelity

A sound's faithfulness or unfaithfulness to its source.

Special effects (SPFX or FX)

A term reserved for technology that creates images that would be too dangerous, too expensive, or in some cases simply impossible to achieve with the traditional cinematographic materials already discussed.

Cinematographic plan

A visual concept for telling the story.

Sound-stage

A windowless, soundproofed, professional shooting environment that is usually several stories high and can cover an acre or more of floor space.

Fast motion

Accelerates action by photographing it at less than the normal filming rate and then projecting it at normal speed so that it takes place more rapidly on screen.

Quality

Also known as the timbre, texture, or color of a sound includes those characteristics that enable us to distinguish sounds that have the same pitch and loudness.

outtakes

Any footage that will not be used.

Wild recording

Any recording of sound that is not made during synchronous shooting of the picture.

Costumes

Can contribute to setting and suggest specific character traits, such as social station, self-image, the public image that the character is trying to protect, state of mind, overall situation and so on.

Offscreen sound

Can either be diegetic or nondiegetic, derives from a source that we do not see.

Overlapping sound

Carries the sound from a first shot over to the next before the sound of the second shot begins.

Diegetic sounds

Come from a source from within a film's world; they are the sounds heard by both the movie's audience and characters

Nondiegetic sounds

Come from a source outside the film's world, and are heard only by the audience.

External sound

Comes from a place within the world of the story, and we assume that it is heard by the characters in the world. The source can be either on-screen or offscreen.

Mechanical effects

Create objects or events mechanically on the set and in front of the camera

Foley sounds

Created and recorded in sync with the picture.

In-camera effects

Created in the production camera (the regular camera used for shooting the rest of the film) on the original negative

Laboratory effects

Created on a fresh piece of film stock

Slow motion

Decelerates action by photographing it at a rate greater than the normal 24 frames per second (fps), so it takes place in cinematic time less rapidly than the real action that took place before the camera.

Open frame

Designed to depict a world where characters move freely within an open, recognizable environment.

Closed frame

Designed to imply that other forces such as fate, social or educational, or economic background, or a repressive governement, have robbed characters of their ability to move and act freely.

On-screen sound

Emanates from a source that we can see.

Ambient sound

Emanates from the ambience, or background, of the setting or environment being filmed, is either recorded during production or added during postproduction.

Set decorator

In charge of all the countless details that go into furnishing and decorating a set, supervises a variety of specialists.

Simultaneous sound

Is diegetic and on-screen.

Mise-en-scene

Literally means staging. The term refers to the overall look and feel of a movie - the sum of everything the audience sees, hears, and experiences while viewing it. A useful term for explaining how all the formal elements of cinema contribute to an interpretation of a film's meanings.

Process shot

Made by filming action in front of a rear-projection screen that has on it still or moving images for the background.

Internal sound

Occurs whenever we hear what we assume are the thoughts of a character within a scene.

Digital format

Offers greater flexibility in recording, editing, and mixing and this is fast becoming the standard.

Kinesis

One aspect of composition: what moves on the screen.

Framing

One aspect of composition: what we see on the screen.

Pitch

Or level, of a sound can be high, low, or somewhere in between

Art director

Outdated term used to refer to a type of executive who, in addition to creating and maintaining the studio's distinctive visual style, took full screen credit for art direction.

Script supervisor

Responsible for aspects of continuity.

Point of view (POV)

Single character, subjective. Or, can imply a view that seems to be coming from no one in omniscient.

Lon take

Sometimes referred to as a sequence shot because it enables filmmakers to present a unified pattern of events within a single period of time in one shot. Can run as long as there is sufficient media in the camera to record it.

Asynchronous sound

Somewhere between on-screen and offscreen sound. We are aware of it when we sense a discrepancy between things heard and things seen on the screen.

Amplitude

The degree of motion of the air within the sound wave. The greater the amplitude, the harder it strikes the eardrum and thus the louder the sound.

Computer-generated imagery (CGI)

The application of computer graphics to create special effects

Sound design

The art of creating the sound for a film.

Decor

The color and textures of the interior decoration, furniture, draperies, and curtains, and props.

Narration

The commentary spoken by either ofscreen or on-screen voices, is frequently used in narrative films, where it may emanate from a third person narrator (not one of the characters) or from a character in the movie

Composition

The organization, distribution, balance, and general relationship of actors and objects within the space of each shot. Helps ensure aesthetic unity, helps guide our looking - how we interpret the character's physical, emotional, and psychological relationships to one another.

Design

The process by which the look of the settings, props, lighting, and actors is determined.

Mixing

The process of combining different sound tracks onto one composite track synchronous with the picture.

Blocking

The process of planning the positions and movements of the actors and the cameras for each scene and, in rehearsals, familiarize the cast and camera operators with their plan.

Chiaroscuro

The use of deep gradations and subtle variations of lights and darks within an image.

Viewfinder

The window ones looks through when taking a picture that indicates the boundaries of the camera's point of view.

Harmonic content

can be measured as wavelengths, relates to the quality of sound.

Video assist camera

Used by script supervisors, it is mounted in the viewing system of the film camera and provides instant visual feedback so they can view a scene before sending the film to the lab for processing.

Production designer

Works closely with the director as well as the director of photography in visualizing the movie that will appear on the screen.

Figure

applies to anything concrete within a frame: an object, an animal, a person.

Frequency

defines the pitch with the speed with which it is produced, the number of sound waves per second.

Four phases of sound production

design, recording, editing, mixing

Dolby system

enhances fidelity by electronically reducing the hiss generated by analog sound recording

Sound crew

generates and controls the sound physically, manipulating its properties to produce the effects that the director desires

Sound effects

include all sounds artificially created for the sound track that have a definite function in telling the story

Nonsimultaneous sound

occurs familiarly when a character has a mental flashback to an earlier voice that recalls a conversation or a sound that identifies a place.

Rerecording

sometimes called looping or dubbing, is done manually, where the actors watch footage and synchronize their lips to it