Quiz 2: Ch. 5, 6 & 7

MC: Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?

Cell division

MC: An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called:

Centrosome

MC: A sequence of three bases forms a(n):

Codon

MC: Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Control center of the cell

MC: Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:

Desmosomes

MC: All of the following are examples of passive transport except:

Endocytosis

MC: Phagocytosis is an example of:

Endocytosis

T/F: A 10% solution of NaCl has a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucose

False

T/F: A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base

False

T/F: Active transport processes that use protein carrier molecules, or pumps, do not use cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients

False

T/F: Cilia are longer and generally less numerous than flagella

False

T/F: Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes because they require a carrier system such as a pump

False

T/F: Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain

False

T/F: Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells with lyse

False

T/F: The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic

False

MC: The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:

Glycoprotein molecules

MC: Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation is the function of which of the following organelles?

Golgi Apparatus

MC: The organelles that can digest and destroy microbes that invade the cell are:

Lysosomes

MC: When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

MC: ATP production occurs within which organelle?

Mitochondrion

MC: The pairing bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligated sequence of its opposing base pairs?

TAGC

T/F: A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein

True

T/F: An organelle called a vault, composed of RNA and protein, functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus

True

T/F: Both temperature and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme

True

T/F: Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA

True

T/F: Genes determine polypeptide structure, which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins, which determine the cell's functions and structure

True

T/F: Glycoproteins on the cell membrane would prevent someone with type A blood from accepting type B blood

True

T/F: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances

True

T/F: Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads from one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton

True

T/F: The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule

True

T/F: The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves

True

T/F: The size of a cell's nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces

True

Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton? a. chromosomes b. microtubules c. mincrofilaments d. intermediate fibers

a. chromosomes

The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called: a. cytoplasm b. organelle c. nucleus d. nucleoplasm

a. cytoplasm

Facilitated diffusion is not an active transport process because it: a. does not depend on cell energy b. transports material only inward c. transports material only outward d. cannot transport negative ions such as Cl-

a. does not depend on cell energy

RBCs are placed in an unknown solution. After 45 minutes, the cells are examined and determined to have decreased in size. The unknown solution is: a. hypertonic b. isotonic c. hypotonic d. osmotic

a. hypertonic

The interior of which organelle contains various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all of the main components of the cell? a. lysosome b. centrosome c. ribosome d. ER

a. lysosome

The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the: a. nitrogen base b. phosphate groups c. five-carbon sugar d. hydrogen bond

a. nitrogen base

Osmosis can be defined as: a. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration b. an excretory process c. a process in which cells engulf particles d. a net movement of water molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration

a. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

The two processes of protein synthesis are: a. transcription and translation b. replication and duplication c. transcription and replication d. translation and duplication

a. transcription and translation

MC: Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be:

an even exchange of material across the membrane

If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration called the: a. electron transport system b. citric acid cycle c. lock and key model d. chemiosmosis cycle

b. citric acid cycle

Diffusion moves: a. up a concentration gradient b. down a concentration gradient c. equally within a concentration gradient d. all of the above

b. down a concentration gradient

Proteins that act as catalysts are called: a. substrates b. enzymes c. inhibitors d. activators

b. enzymes

Ribosomes are organelles that: a. are attached to the Golgi apparatus b. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the ER c. are found only in the nucleus d. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the centrioles

b. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the ER

A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the "command center" of the cell is the: a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. mitochondrion d. chromosome

b. nucleus

The outer boundry of a human cell is called the: a. cytoplasm b. plasma membrane c. nucleus d. cell perimeter

b. plasma membrane

RNA makes proteins by: a. transcription b. translation c. replication d. duplication

b. translation

In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passages for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called: a. receptor proteins b. transport proteins c. signal proteins d. amino acids

b. transport proteins

A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a(n): a. substrate b. end product inhibition c. allosteric effector d. proenzyme

c. allosteric effector

A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n): a. substrate b. activator c. catalyst d. inhibitor

c. catalyst

Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? a. peroxisome b. chromosome c. centrosome d. lysosome

c. centrosome

A major function of the cell membrane is to: a. adhere to adjacent cells b. manufacture proteins c. control what enters and leaves the cell d. produce nucleic acids

c. control what enters and leaves the cell

Glycolysis occurs in which part of the cell? a. mitochondria b. plasma membrane c. cytoplasm d. nucleus

c. cytoplasm

Locations on the cell surface at which cells are held together like "spot welds" are called: a. tight junctions b. cell junctions c. desmosomes d. gap junctions

c. desmosomes

Which of the following is an active transport process? a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. osmosis

c. endocytosis

Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body? a. cilia b. flagella c. microvilli d. microfilaments

c. microvilli

In the electron transport system, the final electron acceptor is: a. carbon dioxide b. water c. oxygen d. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

The cell process that involves microorganisms or other large particles being engulfed is called: a. pinocytosis b. secretion c. phagocytosis d. endocytosis

c. phagocytosis

MC: A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and released the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of:

carrier-meditated transport

Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? a. tight junction b. cell junction c. desmosome d. gap junction

d. gap junction

Which organelle is involved in processing and packaging proteins for export out of the cell? a. ER b. lysosome c. ribosome d. golgi apparatus

d. golgi apparatus

Mitosis is subdivided into four phases, including all of the following except: a. prophase b. anaphase c. metaphase d. karyophase e. telophase

d. karyophase

Often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? a. ER b. perioxisome c. lysosome d. mitochondrion

d. mitochondrion

Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. a. hydrostatic b. barometric c. facilitated d. osmotic

d. osmotic

An organelle is a: a. small part of an organ b. group of tissues working together c. group of organized cells d. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm

d. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm

Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? a. four haploid gametes b. a reduction division c. two steps of cell division d. two haploid gametes

d. two haploid gametes

If RBCs containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will happen? a. nothing will happen b. water will move into the cells c. water will move out of the cells d. water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates

d. water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates

MC: In the cell membrane, the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule:

is in the center of the phospholipid layer

MC: A list of the cell from largest to smallest is:

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

MC: The correct order of the phases of mitosis is:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

MC: The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:

rRNA

MC: A DNA molecule is characterized by all the following except:

ribose sugar

Diffusion can be defined as: a. the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration b. the movement of water across a membrane that permits free movement of water, but not solutes c. an excretory process d. a process in which cells engulf particles

the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

MC: If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution:

there would be a net loss of water out of the cell