Quiz 2: Ch. 5, 6 & 7
MC: Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?
Cell division
MC: An area of cytoplasm that coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules is called:
Centrosome
MC: A sequence of three bases forms a(n):
Codon
MC: Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Control center of the cell
MC: Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by:
Desmosomes
MC: All of the following are examples of passive transport except:
Endocytosis
MC: Phagocytosis is an example of:
Endocytosis
T/F: A 10% solution of NaCl has a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucose
False
T/F: A nucleotide of a DNA molecule consists of a ribose sugar, phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base
False
T/F: Active transport processes that use protein carrier molecules, or pumps, do not use cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients
False
T/F: Cilia are longer and generally less numerous than flagella
False
T/F: Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes because they require a carrier system such as a pump
False
T/F: Generally, the more active a cell is, the fewer mitochondria it will contain
False
T/F: Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells with lyse
False
T/F: The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic
False
MC: The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the:
Glycoprotein molecules
MC: Preparation of protein molecules for cellular exportation is the function of which of the following organelles?
Golgi Apparatus
MC: The organelles that can digest and destroy microbes that invade the cell are:
Lysosomes
MC: When the chromosomes align themselves across the equator of the spindle fibers, it is characteristic of which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
MC: ATP production occurs within which organelle?
Mitochondrion
MC: The pairing bases of a strand of DNA is obligatory. If a strand of DNA were composed of the base sequence of ATCG, what would be the obligated sequence of its opposing base pairs?
TAGC
T/F: A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein
True
T/F: An organelle called a vault, composed of RNA and protein, functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus
True
T/F: Both temperature and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme
True
T/F: Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA
True
T/F: Genes determine polypeptide structure, which determines the structure of enzymes and structural proteins, which determine the cell's functions and structure
True
T/F: Glycoproteins on the cell membrane would prevent someone with type A blood from accepting type B blood
True
T/F: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances
True
T/F: Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads from one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton
True
T/F: The action of a gene is determined by the arrangement of the obligatory base pairs in the nucleotides composing a DNA molecule
True
T/F: The mitochondria are unique organelles because they are able to replicate themselves
True
T/F: The size of a cell's nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces
True
Which of the following is not part of the cytoskeleton? a. chromosomes b. microtubules c. mincrofilaments d. intermediate fibers
a. chromosomes
The inside of the cell is composed largely of a gel-like substance called: a. cytoplasm b. organelle c. nucleus d. nucleoplasm
a. cytoplasm
Facilitated diffusion is not an active transport process because it: a. does not depend on cell energy b. transports material only inward c. transports material only outward d. cannot transport negative ions such as Cl-
a. does not depend on cell energy
RBCs are placed in an unknown solution. After 45 minutes, the cells are examined and determined to have decreased in size. The unknown solution is: a. hypertonic b. isotonic c. hypotonic d. osmotic
a. hypertonic
The interior of which organelle contains various kinds of enzymes capable of breaking down all of the main components of the cell? a. lysosome b. centrosome c. ribosome d. ER
a. lysosome
The component that distinguishes one nucleotide from another is the: a. nitrogen base b. phosphate groups c. five-carbon sugar d. hydrogen bond
a. nitrogen base
Osmosis can be defined as: a. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration b. an excretory process c. a process in which cells engulf particles d. a net movement of water molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
a. the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
The two processes of protein synthesis are: a. transcription and translation b. replication and duplication c. transcription and replication d. translation and duplication
a. transcription and translation
MC: Two solutions of different concentrations of glucose are separated by a membrane that allows both glucose and water to pass through. When dynamic equilibrium is reached, there will be:
an even exchange of material across the membrane
If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid molecules formed by glycolysis are prepared to enter the next phase of aerobic cellular respiration called the: a. electron transport system b. citric acid cycle c. lock and key model d. chemiosmosis cycle
b. citric acid cycle
Diffusion moves: a. up a concentration gradient b. down a concentration gradient c. equally within a concentration gradient d. all of the above
b. down a concentration gradient
Proteins that act as catalysts are called: a. substrates b. enzymes c. inhibitors d. activators
b. enzymes
Ribosomes are organelles that: a. are attached to the Golgi apparatus b. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the ER c. are found only in the nucleus d. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the centrioles
b. float in the cytoplasm and attach to the ER
A spherical membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell and is often referred to as the "command center" of the cell is the: a. nucleolus b. nucleus c. mitochondrion d. chromosome
b. nucleus
The outer boundry of a human cell is called the: a. cytoplasm b. plasma membrane c. nucleus d. cell perimeter
b. plasma membrane
RNA makes proteins by: a. transcription b. translation c. replication d. duplication
b. translation
In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passages for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called: a. receptor proteins b. transport proteins c. signal proteins d. amino acids
b. transport proteins
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called a(n): a. substrate b. end product inhibition c. allosteric effector d. proenzyme
c. allosteric effector
A chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a(n): a. substrate b. activator c. catalyst d. inhibitor
c. catalyst
Which area of the cytoplasm near the nucleus coordinates the building and breaking of microtubules in the cell? a. peroxisome b. chromosome c. centrosome d. lysosome
c. centrosome
A major function of the cell membrane is to: a. adhere to adjacent cells b. manufacture proteins c. control what enters and leaves the cell d. produce nucleic acids
c. control what enters and leaves the cell
Glycolysis occurs in which part of the cell? a. mitochondria b. plasma membrane c. cytoplasm d. nucleus
c. cytoplasm
Locations on the cell surface at which cells are held together like "spot welds" are called: a. tight junctions b. cell junctions c. desmosomes d. gap junctions
c. desmosomes
Which of the following is an active transport process? a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. osmosis
c. endocytosis
Which of the following is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body? a. cilia b. flagella c. microvilli d. microfilaments
c. microvilli
In the electron transport system, the final electron acceptor is: a. carbon dioxide b. water c. oxygen d. hydrogen ions
c. oxygen
The cell process that involves microorganisms or other large particles being engulfed is called: a. pinocytosis b. secretion c. phagocytosis d. endocytosis
c. phagocytosis
MC: A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site, changes shape, and released the solute on the other side of the cell membrane. This describes the process of:
carrier-meditated transport
Which type of junction is formed when membrane channels of adjacent plasma membranes adhere to each other? a. tight junction b. cell junction c. desmosome d. gap junction
d. gap junction
Which organelle is involved in processing and packaging proteins for export out of the cell? a. ER b. lysosome c. ribosome d. golgi apparatus
d. golgi apparatus
Mitosis is subdivided into four phases, including all of the following except: a. prophase b. anaphase c. metaphase d. karyophase e. telophase
d. karyophase
Often referred to as the "power plant" of the cell, which organelle is the site of ATP production? a. ER b. perioxisome c. lysosome d. mitochondrion
d. mitochondrion
Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis into that solution is called _____ pressure. a. hydrostatic b. barometric c. facilitated d. osmotic
d. osmotic
An organelle is a: a. small part of an organ b. group of tissues working together c. group of organized cells d. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm
d. tiny structure found in the cytoplasm
Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiosis? a. four haploid gametes b. a reduction division c. two steps of cell division d. two haploid gametes
d. two haploid gametes
If RBCs containing 10% solute are placed in a solution containing 10% solute, what will happen? a. nothing will happen b. water will move into the cells c. water will move out of the cells d. water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates
d. water will move into and out of the cells at equal rates
MC: In the cell membrane, the hydrophobic part of the phospholipid molecule:
is in the center of the phospholipid layer
MC: A list of the cell from largest to smallest is:
microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
MC: The correct order of the phases of mitosis is:
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
MC: The nucleolus is composed chiefly of:
rRNA
MC: A DNA molecule is characterized by all the following except:
ribose sugar
Diffusion can be defined as: a. the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration b. the movement of water across a membrane that permits free movement of water, but not solutes c. an excretory process d. a process in which cells engulf particles
the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
MC: If a cell were placed in a hypertonic solution:
there would be a net loss of water out of the cell