Quiz 2 Tissues

In mammals this response is known as fever, but it is known to raise body temperature in other bacterially infected animals, including lizards, fishes, and cockroaches. a.) sweating from skin glands b.) growth of hair on the limbs c.) decreased thermogenesis in brown fat d.) reduced metabolic rate e.) a change in the body's thermostat "set point"

a change in the body's thermostat "set point"

An example of a connective tissue is the a.) blood. b.) cuboidal epithelium. c.) nerves. d.) skin. e.) smooth muscles.

a.) blood

A matrix of connective tissue is apparent in________. a.) chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. b.) actin and myosin of muscle. c.) the axon of a neuron. d.) nervous tissues. e.) spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells.

a.) chondroitin sulfate of cartilage.

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass. a.) elephant; mouse b.) human; penguin c.) penguin; mouse d.) mouse; snake e.) elephant; human

a.) elephant; mouse

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipates excess heat by a.) evaporation. b.) acclimation. c.) vasoconstriction. d.) countercurrent exchange. e.) hibernation.

a.) evaporation.

The nourishment, insulation, and support for neurons is the result of activity by the a.) glial cells. b.) adipose tissue. c.) intercalated disks. d.) endocrine system. e.) smooth muscles.

a.) glial cells.

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up a.) organs. b.) organ systems. c.) organisms. d.) membranes. e.) organelles.

a.) organs.

The specialized function shared by the cells that line the lungs and those that line the lumen of the gut is that both types of cells a.) provide abundant exchange surface. b.) have exceptionally high numbers of cellular organelles in the cytoplasm. c.) receive their oxygen directly from inhaled air and ingested foods. d.) offer greater protection due to increased membrane thickness. e.) have a lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperative exchange between cells.

a.) provide abundant exchange surface.

All skeletal muscle fibers are both a.) striated and under voluntary control. b.) smooth and operate independently of other skeletal muscle fibers. c.) smooth and under voluntary control. d.) smooth and under involuntary control. e.) striated and electrically coupled to neighboring fibers.

a.) striated and under voluntary control.

Interstitial fluid is a.) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells. b.) the internal environment inside animal cells. c.) identical to the composition of blood. d.) found only in the lumen of the small intestine. e.) the fluid inside the gastrovascular cavity of Hydra.

a.) the route for the exchange of materials between blood and body cells.

The absorptive epithelia in the gut are considered "polarized" because a.) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface. b.) they must fire action potentials to absorb most nutrients. c.) the colors seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. d.) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. e.) thick and thin filaments are present.

a.) the structures on the apical surface are different than those on the basal surface.

The similar fusiform body shape of diverse animals, such as sharks, penguins, and aquatic mammals, has evolved because a.) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly. b.) respiration through gills is enhanced by having a fusiform shape. c.) natural selection typically has no limits when different organisms face the same challenge. d.) all three types evolved from the same ancestral form, which flew in air rather than swam in water. e.) the fusiform shape is coded by the same genes in all three types of aquatic animals.

a.) this is the body shape that makes it possible for aquatic animals to swim rapidly.

Ingested foods inside the digestive tract of snakes are typically digested by a.) chemiosmosis. uric acid. b.) enzymatic hydrolysis. c.) biosynthesis. d.) metabolic heat.

b.) enzymatic hydrolysis.

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the a.) penguin. b.) green frog. c.) house sparrow. d.) bluefin tuna. e.) gray wolf.

b.) green frog.

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the_________. a.) subcutaneous layer of the skin. liver. b.) hypothalamus. c.) medulla oblongata. d.) thyroid gland.

b.) hypothalamus.

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is composed of a.) a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells. b.) several layers of boxlike cells. c.) a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells. d..) a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane. e.) an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells.

b.) several layers of boxlike cells.

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that a.) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems. b.) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it. c.) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors. d.) the effector's response increases some parameter (such as body temperature), whereas in negative feedback it can only decrease the parameter. e.) positive feedback benefits the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental.

b.) the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite to it.

Most types of communication between cells utilize a.) the exchange of cytosol between the cells. b.) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. c.) a direct electrical connection between the cells. d.) the exchange of DNA between the cells. e.)the movement of the cells.

b.) the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable when a.) the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. b.) an increase in body temperature results from fever. c.) an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering. d.) a decrease in body temperature results from shock. e.) an increase in body temperature results from exercise.

c.) an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering.

An overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired thermoregulatory response when its a.) behavioral response takes it to a cooler location. b.) metabolic heat production decreases. c.) blood vessels near its skin increase vasoconstriction. d.) body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature. e.) evaporative heat loss increases.

c.) blood vessels near its skin increase vasoconstriction.

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with a.) connective tissue. b.) adipose tissue. c.) epithelial tissue. d.) neural tissue. e.) smooth muscle cells.

c.) epithelial tissue.

All types of muscle tissue have a.) intercalated disks that allow cells to communicate. b.) a response that can be consciously controlled. c.) interactions between actin and myosin. d.) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope. e.) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated.

c.) interactions between actin and myosin

Seasonal changes in snake activity are due to the fact that the snake a.) is more active in summer as a result of being disturbed by other animals. b.) is more active in summer because that is the period for mating. c.) is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction. d.) is less active in winter because the food supply is decreased. e.) is less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators.

c.) is more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction

Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal a.) has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. b.) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. c.) is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. d.) has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. e.) has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours.

c.) is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day.

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because a.) all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures. b.) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. c.) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. d.) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. e.) flying, pregnancy, and gill-breathing all require similar adaptations in form.

c.) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming.

Among these choices, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of a.) food eaten in one day. b.) carbon dioxide produced in one day. c.) water consumed in one day. d.) oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. e.) heat generated in one day.

c.) water consumed in one day.

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? a.) a hydra b.) a snake in a temperate forest c.) a marine jelly (an invertebrate) d.) a desert bird e.) a desert insect

d.) a desert bird

Multicellular organisms must keep their cells awash in an "internal pond" because a.) their membranes will crystallize if not in contact with interstitial fluid. b.) terrestrial organisms have not adapted to life in dry environments. c.) their cells need to be protected from dissolved nitrogen gas in the blood. d.) an aqueous medium is needed for the cellular exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes. e.) this prevents the loss of water due to osmosis.

d.) an aqueous medium is needed for the cellular exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes.

In a typical nerve cell, the nucleus is found in the a.) synaptic terminals. b.) axonal region. c.) synapse. d.)cell body. e.) dendritic region.

d.) cell body.

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is a.)epithelial tissue. b.) skeletal muscle. c.) nervous tissue. d.) connective tissue. e.) smooth muscle.

d.) connective tissue.

When the temperature of the outside air exceeds their internal body temperature, jackrabbits living in hot, arid lands will________. a.) dilate the blood vessels in their large ears to transfer more body heat to the environment. b.) increase motor movements to find a sunny area to maximize heat transfer into their bodies. c.) increase pigmentation in their ears, darkening them to maximize their capacity to take up heat. d.) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears. e.) begin involuntary shivering of their skeletal muscles in order to generate more metabolic heat.

d.) constrict the blood vessels in their large ears to reduce transfer of external heat to the blood in their ears.

Panting by an overheated dog achieves cooling by a.) acclimatization. b.) torpor. c.) shivering thermogenesis. d.) evaporation. e.) nonshivering thermogenesis.

d.) evaporation.

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed a.) balanced equilibrium. b.) physiological chance. c.) static equilibrium. d.) homeostasis. e.) estivation.

d.) homeostasis.

To increase the effectiveness of exchange surfaces lining the lungs and the intestines, evolutionary pressures have a.) increased the volume of the cells in these linings. b.) increased the number of cell layers in these linings. c.) decreased the metabolic rate of the cells in these linings. d.) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches. e.) increased the thickness of the membranes in these linings.

d.) increased the exchange surface area with folds and branches.

In a survivably cold environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm________. a.) metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm. b.) has greater insulation on its body surface. c.) maintains a higher basal metabolic rate. d.) invests little energy in temperature regulation. e.) expends more energy per kg of body mass than does the endotherm.

d.) invests little energy in temperature regulation.

Fibroblasts secrete a.) interstitial fluids. b.) chondroitin sulfate. c.) calcium phosphate for bone. d.) proteins for connective fibers. e.) fats.

d.) proteins for connective fibers.

The specialized structures of complex animals have evolved because a.) the environment imposes identical problems regardless of where the animals are found. b.) the simplest animals are those with the most recent appearance among the biota. c.) the most complex animals are the ones with the most ancient evolutionary origin. d.) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes. e.) the development of the specialized structures in an animal is influenced by the animal's ability to learn.

d.) they permit adjustments to a wide range of environmental changes.

Hibernation and estivation during seasons of environmental stress are both examples of a.) shivering thermogenesis. b.) nonshivering thermogenesis. c.) acclimatization. d.) torpor. e.) evaporative cooling.

d.) torpor.

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment? a.) countercurrent heat exchanger b.) feathers or fur c.) vasoconstriction d.) wind blowing across the body surface e.) blubber or fat layer

d.) wind blowing across the body surface

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is a.) stratified squamous epithelium. b.) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. c.) simple cuboidal epithelium. d.) simple columnar epithelium. e.) simple squamous epithelium.

e.) simple squamous epithelium.

Breathing is accomplished via the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of a.) smooth muscle. b.) smooth muscle and skeletal muscle. c.) cardiac muscle. d.) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. e.) skeletal muscle.

e.) skeletal muscle.

Cardiac muscle cells are both a.) striated and under voluntary control. b.) smooth and under involuntary control. c.) striated and operate independently of other cardiac cells. d.) smooth and under voluntary control. e.) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks.

e.) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks.

As body size increases in animals, a.) reproduction becomes limited to terrestrial environments. b.)there is greater variability in metabolic rate. c.) it becomes more difficult to conserve body warmth in cold environments. d.) migration to tropical areas becomes necessary for thermoregulation. e.) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.

e.) there is a decrease in the surface-to-volume ratio.

If thermoregulation is considered to be a secondary function of the large ears of jackrabbits, then the primary function of the ears is a.) to optimize nutrient intake through the thin, permeable surfaces on the ears. b.) to protect offspring from bright sunlight by the positioning of the ears to cast the maximum shadows. c.) to protect against pathogens by having a thick, waxy surface on the ears. d.) to alter the rate of gas exchange, based on the adjustable radius of the ears' blood vessels. e.) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal.

e.) to detect predators by using the large size and flexible positioning of the external ears to channel sound waves into the ear canal.

Positive feedback has occurred when a.) an increase in calcium concentration increases the secretion of a hormone that promotes the storage of calcium in bone. b.) a decrease in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that increases the conversion of glycogen to glucose. c.) a decrease in blood calcium increases the amount of the hormone that causes the release of calcium from bone. d.) an increase in blood sugar increases the secretion of a hormone that stimulates the movement of sugar out of the blood. e.) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus.

e.) uterine contractions needed for the birthing process are expedited by the pressure of a moving baby in its mother's uterus.

Endothermy a.) is a characteristic of mammals but not of birds. b.) is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature. c.) is seen only in insects and in certain predatory fishes. d.) is a characteristic of most animals found in tropical zones. e.) is a term equivalent to cold-blooded.

is a characteristic of animals that have a fairly constant body temperature.