marine science module 3 exam

Cobia are fish found off the eastern coast of the United States. Cobia prefer colder waters. Which of the following migration pattern would you predict cobia follow?

Stay in the south during autumn and winter, and migrate to northern locations in the spring and summer.

Refraction

The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another

Reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.

constructive interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude

destructive interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude

trough

the bottom part of a wave

kinetic energy

the energy an object has due to its motion

Law of Conservation of Energy

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another

equilibrium (wave)

the middle of the trough and crest (middle of bottom and top of wave)

frequency (wave)

the time it takes for successive crests or troughs to pass through a given location. (how long it takes a wave to "crash")

crest

the top part of a wave

wave height

the vertical distance from the crest of a wave and the following trough

diurnal tide

A tidal cycle of one high tide and one low tide per day.

Symbiosis

A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.

chemical energy

A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

salinity

A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid

Most aquatic organisms are adapted to a narrow range of salinity. Why must aquatic organisms living in coastal areas be adapted to survive in both low and high salinity?

During low tide, the ocean water becomes concentrated, increasing salinity.

An closed system is best characterized as a system in which:

Energy can enter and leave, but matter can do neither

Estuaries are bodies of saltwater mixed with freshwater. Why do estuaries have an abundance of aquatic organisms?

Estuaries provide shelter, nursery grounds, and food sources.

semi-diurnal tide

Having two high tides and two low tides each day.

amplitude (wave)

Height of a wave measured from the equilibrium to the trough or crest

An open system is best characterized as a system in which:

Matter and energy can freely enter and leave.

Diffraction

Occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it

Outgoing tides can pull organisms out of the intertidal zone and into the open ocean. How does this limit the number of organisms that can live in the intertidal zone?

Returning to the habitat is difficult.

high tide

The time at which the tide reaches its highest level

low tide

The time at which the tide reaches its lowest level

thermal energy

The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance (heat energy)

Absorption

The transport of dissolved substances into cells.

Waves transfer energy in the ocean environment. How do waves most likely affect the abundance of aquatic organisms in the ocean?

Waves increase oxygen availability in the ocean, increasing abundance.

spring tide

When the tidal range is greatest. (full moon and new moon)

Which tidal process causes such adaptations to be necessary in the intertidal zone? (To survive in the intertidal zone, aquatic organisms have adapted specialized exteriors. Sea stars have thick skin, mussels have hard shells, and rockweed algae have a rubbery exterior.)

When the tide recedes, organisms are exposed to the air.

The Hawaiian island of Mauna Loa is an active volcano. In areas where lava no longer flows, primary succession is taking place. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species that can be seen here?

algae

An isolated system is best characterized as a system in which:

both energy and matter cannot enter or leave

mixed tides

describe a tidal pattern of significantly different heights through the cycle

Wavelength

distance between crest to crest or trough to trough

What property of waves are dolphins using to help them find their way around their environment when using echolocation?

reflection

Which is considered an abiotic factor in a marine ecosystem?

salinity

Which type of wave cannot move without a medium in which to travel?

sound waves

potential energy

stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object