marine science module 3 exam
Cobia are fish found off the eastern coast of the United States. Cobia prefer colder waters. Which of the following migration pattern would you predict cobia follow?
Stay in the south during autumn and winter, and migrate to northern locations in the spring and summer.
Refraction
The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another
Reflection
The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.
constructive interference
The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude
destructive interference
The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude
trough
the bottom part of a wave
kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
Law of Conservation of Energy
the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
equilibrium (wave)
the middle of the trough and crest (middle of bottom and top of wave)
frequency (wave)
the time it takes for successive crests or troughs to pass through a given location. (how long it takes a wave to "crash")
crest
the top part of a wave
wave height
the vertical distance from the crest of a wave and the following trough
diurnal tide
A tidal cycle of one high tide and one low tide per day.
Symbiosis
A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species.
chemical energy
A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.
salinity
A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
Most aquatic organisms are adapted to a narrow range of salinity. Why must aquatic organisms living in coastal areas be adapted to survive in both low and high salinity?
During low tide, the ocean water becomes concentrated, increasing salinity.
An closed system is best characterized as a system in which:
Energy can enter and leave, but matter can do neither
Estuaries are bodies of saltwater mixed with freshwater. Why do estuaries have an abundance of aquatic organisms?
Estuaries provide shelter, nursery grounds, and food sources.
semi-diurnal tide
Having two high tides and two low tides each day.
amplitude (wave)
Height of a wave measured from the equilibrium to the trough or crest
An open system is best characterized as a system in which:
Matter and energy can freely enter and leave.
Diffraction
Occurs when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it
Outgoing tides can pull organisms out of the intertidal zone and into the open ocean. How does this limit the number of organisms that can live in the intertidal zone?
Returning to the habitat is difficult.
high tide
The time at which the tide reaches its highest level
low tide
The time at which the tide reaches its lowest level
thermal energy
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance (heat energy)
Absorption
The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
Waves transfer energy in the ocean environment. How do waves most likely affect the abundance of aquatic organisms in the ocean?
Waves increase oxygen availability in the ocean, increasing abundance.
spring tide
When the tidal range is greatest. (full moon and new moon)
Which tidal process causes such adaptations to be necessary in the intertidal zone? (To survive in the intertidal zone, aquatic organisms have adapted specialized exteriors. Sea stars have thick skin, mussels have hard shells, and rockweed algae have a rubbery exterior.)
When the tide recedes, organisms are exposed to the air.
The Hawaiian island of Mauna Loa is an active volcano. In areas where lava no longer flows, primary succession is taking place. Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species that can be seen here?
algae
An isolated system is best characterized as a system in which:
both energy and matter cannot enter or leave
mixed tides
describe a tidal pattern of significantly different heights through the cycle
Wavelength
distance between crest to crest or trough to trough
What property of waves are dolphins using to help them find their way around their environment when using echolocation?
reflection
Which is considered an abiotic factor in a marine ecosystem?
salinity
Which type of wave cannot move without a medium in which to travel?
sound waves
potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object