Quiz #3

Recognizing Criminal Gangs and Members 8-7 SPO #1

- A group must meet all four criteria below to be considered a criminal gang o Recurrent interaction - the group interacts together on a regular and recurring basis o Organization/structure/leadership Formal or informal identifiable structure, organization, or leadership within the group These aspects may change and become more distinct as the group changes, grows, or alters its activities o Unity and signs of unity - the group demonstrates an apparent cohesiveness and allegiance that manifests itself in a common name, symbol, or sign o Pattern of criminal gang activity - members of the group, individually or collectively, engage in criminal activity that Benefits the group or Is related to the beliefs of, or membership in, the group, or Enhances a member's status within the group - In addition, members of a criminal gang usually share the following traits o Group name o Symbols, tattoos, or graffiti o Style of dress o Frequent congregation upon or laid a claim to a specific geographic location

Signs of Gang Membership 8-7 SPO #2

- Admits to being a member of a group that meets the Revised Code criteria of a gang o A reliable informant identifies the person as a gang member o Resides in or frequents a particular gang's area o Adopts a particular gang's style of dress, symbols, or tattoos o Associates with known gang members or association can be proved through social media or other means o Has been arrested in the company of identified gang members for offenses consistent with gang activity o Has a documented criminal history - An individual must meet two or more of the indicators to be considered a gang member

Identify ways to maintain situational awareness while conducting searches. 8-1 SPO #5

- Be conscious of and avoid normalcy bias that develops from taking multiple similar calls that do not produce a threat - Avoid locking your focus on any one thing at the expense of what's happening around you - If working alone, continually stop, look, and listen so you are aware of your environment - If working with others, have one person focused on the search and one focused on covering the searching officer

Explain ways to improve public perception by properly employing aspects of patrol 8-1 SPO #1

- Exercise authority fairly - Be professional in appearance and attitude - Manage citizen contacts with the understanding that negative events can be handled in a positive way - Temper the operational skills of patrol with the mindset, character, and service in the spirit of what democratic policing promises its citizenry

Identify the two most common methods by which an officer may be injured or killed during an officer initiated contact. 8-5 SPO #1

- Felonious Assault - Crash

Complete a Uniform Traffic Ticket. 10-5 SPO #2

- Fill out a ticket

Explain the cycle of fire. 4-1 SPO #2

- Fire o Shooter engages the trigger o Round begins to travel down the barrel - Unlock o The instant the round leaves the barrel, the slide unlocks from the barrel o The slide moves rearward independently of the frame - Extract o The extractor removes the expended cartridge casing from the chamber of the barrel - Eject o Ejector mechanism engages the expended cartridge o Casing is removed - Cock - striker/hammer resets - Feed o Slide moves forward o Round is stripped from top of magazine - Chamber - round starts movement into chamber - Lock o Slide closes o Cartridge is locked into position for firing

Identify the conditions under the Ohio Revised Code that allow a peace officer to remove a child from his/her caregiver 3-5 SPO #2

- If there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is suffering from illness or injury and is not receiving proper care, as described in R.C. 2151.03, and the child's removal is necessary to prevent immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm - If there are reasonable grounds to believe that the child is in immediate danger from the child's surroundings and that the child's removal is necessary to prevent immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm - If there are reasonable grounds to believe that a parent, guardian, custodian, or other household member of the child's household has abused or neglected another child in the household and to believe that the child is in danger of immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm from that person - If there are reasonable grounds to believe that the conduct, conditions, or surroundings of the child are endangering the health, welfare, or safety of the child

Demonstrate a High-Risk vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #14

- Initiate a High-Risk vehicle stop - Position cruiser - Assign duties to backup officers - Maintain control of all occupants - Control exit, movement, and custody of at least one suspect - Participate in clearing the suspect vehicle

Describe the types of child abuse SPO 3-5#1

- Physical abuse - an act of commission toward a child by the parent or caregiver that results in harm to the child or is intended to harm the child - Neglect - an act of omission that can be a single event or a pattern of unsafe or inadequate care - Sexual abuse - engaging in sexual activities with children who cannot give consent and do not understand the significance of sexual acts - Emotional abuse - damaging interactions between a parent or caregiver and child that are repeated, resulting in the child feeling unwanted, unloved, or worthless

Demonstrate an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #9

- Radio the intention to initiate contact - Signal the intention to initiate contact - Conduct approach preparation and exit - Conduct approach pattern - Make contact at the suspect vehicle - Verbally address the suspect - Return to the cruiser - Re-approach the suspect vehicle - Return to the cruiser - Conduct a Walk-Back pattern

Explain the main responsibilities when responding to a crime in progress.8-1 SPO #4

- Respond to the incident in the most safe and tactically sound manner - Secure the scene - Preliminary investigation

Explain considerations when dispatched to a crime in progress. 8-1 SPO #3

- Safety of any victim who may be under attack - Traffic conditions for other responding units - Agency policy and protocol, if available - Anyone and anything that appears to be out of the ordinary for the area - If possible, record or call out license plate numbers of the vehicles leaving the scene or driving around the are - Unless necessary, arrive as quickly as possible - If possible, make your arrival using parallel street to avoid being seen by a look-out or the suspect - Do not park directly in front of the location unless absolutely necessary

Recognize a Peace Officer's Duties in Response to the Gang Problem 8-7 SPO #3

- Stay educated on gang trends, names, colors, members - Document any potential gang activity with notes and photography - Become familiar with jurisdiction and take notice of repeat offenders and the nicknames used - Develop contacts with other agencies to share information

Explain the information an officer must relay to a defendant concerning the defendant's failure to appear in court at the time stated on the affidavit or pay for a traffic ticket. 10-5 SPO #1

- The defendant's driver's license or commercial driver's license will be suspended - The defendant is not eligible for reissuance of a license or certification of registration until the person appears and complies with all orders of the court - The defendant remains subject to any applicable criminal penalties

Describe the process for arresting a juvenile. 3-7 SPO #1

- The juvenile is suspected of, or caught violating a law o If the offense is minor, the officer may choose to exercise discretion and not file a charge The officer may counsel the juvenile The officer may contact the juvenile's guardian The officer can direct the juvenile and/or guardian to community resources that might provide assistance, if necessary - If the offense is more serious, the officer should begin standard investigation procedures o Interview the juvenile to gather information o The officer might contact the juvenile's guardian at this time; this is as a matter of consideration, not as a matter of law - If the officer believes probable cause exists to charge the youth, the youth can be taken into custody for processing o Fingerprinting o Photograph o Interrogation - The juvenile may be placed in juvenile detention or released to the guardian - Again, the officer should take the opportunity to refer the juvenile and his/her guardian to community resources - Interview and interrogation considerations o As previously discussed, juveniles are afforded the same rights as adults in investigatory procedures (e.g., search/seizure, self-incrimination) Therefore, in a custodial interrogation encounter, the officer must inform the youth of the Miranda warning and ensure his/her rights are understood - When questioning a juvenile, the officer should consider several factors o The age of the youth - if the youth is old enough to understand his/her rights and the severity of the situation This is critically important during a custodial interrogation The U.S. Supreme Court held a child's age is a relevant factor to consider in determining whether the child is in custody for purposes of Miranda rights - Mental state - is the juvenile free of intellectual disability? - Physical state - is the youth experiencing drug and/or alcohol impairment? - Are there any language or cultural barriers? - Considerations while on school grounds o Schools are trusted with the care of children while on the grounds during school hours - Therefore, some schools have a strict policy and procedure regarding who is allowed access to juveniles - Some schools might require a member of staff to be present when an officer needs to make contact with a student - Other schools will require the juvenile's guardian to be present, or will contact the guardian to alert him/her of the officer's request - Again, there is no statutory requirement for the officer to notify the parent of an interview/interrogation; in addition, the school has no legal authority to prevent the officer from conducting his/her investigation - However, depending on the nature of the investigation and the officer's departmental policy and procedure, the officer might consider conducting the interview at another time and place - Conversely, there might be schools that give officers full access to students - It is important to maintain positive, working relationships with school personnel - Oftentimes, when a peace officer is called to a school to investigate a situation involving a juvenile, school officials have conducted their own investigation - The officer can review information, statements, and evidence from the school's investigation in order to help establish probable cause - The officer should also become familiar with charges that are specific to violations on or near school grounds, and those that have increased penalties - Disorderly Conduct - M-4, if in the vicinity of a school or in a school safety zone - Illegal Conveyance of a Deadly Weapon or Dangerous Ordnance in School Safety Zone o F-5 o Also applies to objects indistinguishable from a firearm, whether or not it is capable of being fired; however, the penalty is an M-1 if the object is indistinguishable - Improperly Discharging Firearm in a School Safety Zone o F-2 o Also includes discharging a firearm within 1000 feet of a school premises with intent to cause physical harm to another who is on school grounds, cause panic or fear of physical harm to another, or cause the evacuation of the school - Several of the R.C. Chapter 2925 Drug Offenses have increased penalties if committed in a school safety zone or in the vicinity of a juvenile

Identify the four primary firearms safety rules. 4-1 SPO #1

- Treat all firearms as if they are loaded - Never point a firearm at anything you don't want to shoot or destroy - Keep your finger off the trigger until you have made a conscious decision to shoot - Be aware of your backstop and beyond

Identify the two general categories of vehicle stops. 8-5 SPO #4

- Unknown-Risk - High-Risk

Explain proactive patrol. 8-1 SPO #2

- Working to prevent crime rather than waiting for it to occur - The goal for many law enforcement agencies is to move away from incident - driven, reactive policing, and move toward proactive policing - Officers should be conducting proactive patrol anytime they are not responding to calls for service - Officers are encouraged to act on their own initiative and develop information about crime and strategies for its suppression

Describe when federal and Ohio juvenile holding violations occur. 3-7 SPO #2

-An accused or adjudicated status offender is held securely -An accused delinquent offender is held over six hours, if alleged to have committed a felony offense -An accused delinquent offender is held over three hours, if alleged to have committed a misdemeanor or status offense -An adjudicated delinquent is sentenced to a secure adult jail/prison -Any juvenile that is held securely is not sight and sound separated from adult offenders

Explain the meaning of the term officer initiated contact. 8-5 SPO #2

-Any situation in which the officer deploys directly from a cruiser to intentionally make contact with a suspect or citizen -Deployment options taught in this lesson plan are effective for nearly any type of officer initiated contact oContact involving an occupied stopped vehicle oContact involving an occupied or unoccupied parked vehicle oContact involving individual(s) on or off the roadway (e.g., hitchhiking) oA vehicle stop is one kind of an officer initiated contact

Describe the areas of concern as it relates to a vehicle stop assessment. 8-5 SPO #8

-Assessment can be divided into three distinct but overlapping areas of concern -Pre-contact - any prior knowledge, information or observations that the officer has or experiences before the contact occurs -Environment - weather, terrain, location, and observable obstacles in the area -Sensory sweep - information gained from using any of the officer's five senses during and after the approach -Pre-contact concerns oThe purpose of the stop oAvailable information oTime of day - an officer may choose a completely different course of action at night, as opposed to during the day oStructural design of the suspect's vehicle oNumber and actions of visible occupants oAvailability of backup oSituational surrounding -Environmental concerns oWeather conditions oTraffic speed and congestion oTerrain -Sensory sweep oUnusual body language after the stop oExiting the vehicle without the officer's request oMultiple visible occupants and/or vehicles oVisibly agitated state (any occupant) alone or accompanied by Providing documents for the wrong vehicle Providing forged documents oAny distinct or unusual smells oAny distinct or unusual sounds

Explain the two approach patterns. 8-5 SPO #11

-Left-Side Walk-up -Right-Side Walk-up -Approach preparation -Visually monitor the occupant actions - shoulders, hands, eyes -Maintain weapon awareness oKeep jacket zipped, if worn, and tucked out of way from firearm oKeep holster retention secured -Begin the approach and sensory sweep Wait for a break in traffic that will allow time to exit and approach oTo maintain noise discipline, don't slam the cruiser door oApproach, keeping close to the cruiser, near the door and hood -After passing front bumper of cruiser, cut in and follow a path aligned with the left side of the suspect's vehicle -Rely on hearing and peripheral vision to monitor traffic -Mid approach oMonitor actions of driver and passengers continually with glances at other areas oMonitor brake lights and trunk -Application of brake or reverse lights elevate the threat -There are two schools of thought on touching the trunk and which one used will be determined by assessment oTouch the trunk to ensure against unexpected opening oDo not touch the trunk; this action may give away your position and slow the approach -Check rear seat area to confirm number of occupants -Take note of unusual sounds or smells -Contact at the suspect vehicle oStay behind the rear or trailing edge of the front door oYour body should be close to, but not touching the suspect vehicle This position will create a severe angle for the suspect attempting to shoot the officer Staying behind the trailing edge of the door prevents the officer from being struck by the door opening oConcentrate on occupant hands and sudden movements -Verbally address the suspect. Be polite but in control oGreet - greet the suspect oI.D. - identify yourself and your agency oReason - state the reason for the vehicle stop oRequest the suspect's operator's license, proof of insurance, and CCW license, if necessary -Never reach in the vehicle to grab anything from any occupant with your dominant hand -Take the documents with your non-dominant hand -Hold the license high enough so you need only move your eyes to see both the license and the suspect's hands -Advise the suspect that you are going back to your cruiser to review the documents and, for his/her safety, he/she should remain in the vehicle and await your return -Returning to the cruiser - pre-citation and post-citation oUtilize a technique based on your assessment of the suspect and traffic that maintains your safety oOne option is to turn your head "down the middle" towards the curb nearest the passenger side of the cruiser (i.e., driver's side for right side approach) oUpon reaching the cruiser door, pause and check the suspect's position and movement again oTake a mental snapshot of the vehicle and occupant position -Writing a citation and re-approaching the vehicle oYour primary concern must be your safety oDivided attention provides an opportunity for aggressive actions by any vehicle occupant oMonitor occupant actions frequently and check mirrors to maintain traffic awareness oAny unnecessary sound should be eliminated (e.g., turn down any music) -When writing a citation, keep interior lights to a minimum. Red lighting allows less cruiser interior visibility -When you have completed any necessary checks and paperwork, if the assessment has not changed, the officer can return to the suspect's vehicle to return documents and/or enforcement papers -Re-approach the suspect vehicle with the same officer safety diligence and assessment performed in the initial approach -Safely return to the cruiser -Differences from Left-Side Walk-up oWhen you get to the front bumper of the cruiser, move quickly, but under control, across the front of the cruiser until aligned slightly right of the right side front bumper oIf walking behind the cruiser, move to the rear of the cruiser while assessing. Then move quickly, but under control, across the rear of the cruiser until aligned slightly right of the right side rear bumper of the cruiser -Addressing the suspect will be from a position equal with the passenger side door jamb slightly behind the vehicle operator -The officer should be prepared for sudden activity from the interior and in a stance conducive to accessing weapons and/or retreating to cover

Describe the pieces of information the officer should relay to the communication center prior to activating the overhead lights and/or siren. 8-5 SPO #10

-Location (e.g., street/mile marker, cross reference) oIn terms of officer safety, this is the most vital piece of information the officer can relay which is why it is called in first oIf something unforeseen happens, at least the backup officers will know where to proceed to render aid oBe sure other responders could find you and refrain from calling in obscure or little known streets and address numbers oThe goal is for them to get there, so use cross streets and landmarks when possible\ -Vehicle registration (i.e., state, type, number) oAn example would be Ohio passenger ABC 123 oLearn the phonetic alphabet by practicing when not engaged in a contact oOfficers will be nervous when making the stop and knowing the phonetic alphabet is one less thing to complicate concentration oAn example would be Honda Civic, black, 2 door oAny other distinguishing factors that would allow backup officers to immediately spot the vehicle Damage to the vehicle Hard or soft top Window tint Bumper or window stickers -Occupants oCall in the number of occupants oTheir perceived gender and race -Any other distinguishing characteristics -All officers should monitor communications and stay attuned to the nature of the contact a fellow officer is initiating -This will enable all to start toward an area before being dispatched as the time saved will equate to precious seconds and foster a culture of professional concern

Explain when an officer may arrest, rather than issue a citation, for a minor misdemeanor 10-5 SPO #3

-Offender requires medical care or is unable to provide for his/her own safety -Offender will not or cannot offer satisfactory proof of his/her identity -Offender refuses to sign the citation -Offender has previously been issued a citation for the commission of that particular misdemeanor and failed to satisfy obligations to appear

Explain the two legal foundations for making a vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #3

-Probable cause - when the facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge, and of which he/she has reasonably trustworthy information sufficient to warrant a person to believe that an offense has been, or is being, committed by the person to be arrested -Reasonable suspicion - is less than probable cause but more than a hunch and based on circumstances, common sense judgments, and inferences about human behavior, that criminal activity was being planned or is in the process of being executed

Identify the Ohio Revised Code chapter that covers driver's license suspensions. 10-2 SPO #6

-R.C. 4510 Driver's license suspensions

Apply Ohio Revised Code chapters and subsections covering motor vehicle offenses. 10-2 SPO #4

-R.C. 4511.12 Obedience to Traffic Control Devices -R.C. 4511.20 Operation in Willful or Wanton Disregard of the Safety of Persons or Property (i.e., reckless operation) -R.C 4511.204 Driving while texting -R.C. 4511.21 Speed Limits - assured clear distance -R.C. 4511.25 lanes of travel upon roadways of sufficient width -R.C 4511.29 Driving to Left of Center of Roadway in Overtaking and Passing Traffic Proceeding in Same Direction -R.C. 4511. 30 Driving Upon Left Side of Roadway -R.C. 4511.33 Driving in marked lanes -R.C. 4511.39 Turn and stop signals -R.C 4511.41 Right of way rule at intersections -R.C. 4511.42 Right of way rule when turning left -R.C. 4511.43 Right-of-Way Rule at Through Highways, Stop Signs, Yield Signs -R.C. 4511.81 Child Restraint System - Child Highway Safety Fund

Identify the Ohio Revised Code chapter that covers equipment violations.10-2 SPO #5

-R.C. 4513 Covers Equipment Violations -R.C. 4513.03 Time for Lighted Lights on Motor Vehicles -R.C. 4513.05 Tail Lights and Illumination of Rear License Plate -R.C. 4513.071 Stop Light -R.C. 4513.09 Red light or Flag required -R.C. 4513.22 Mufflers

Identify the Ohio Revised Code chapter that covers motor vehicle crimes. 10-2 SPO #7

-R.C. 4549 Covers Motor Vehicle Crimes

Identify the Ohio Revised Code chapter that covers moving violations. 10-2 SPO #3

-R.C. Chapter 4511 Covers moving violations

Demonstrate an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop, taking a suspect into custody, and performing a full suspect search. 8-5 SPO #12

-Radio the intention to initiate contact -Signal the intention to initiate contact - turn your lights on -Conduct approach preparation and exit -Conduct approach pattern -Make contact at the suspect vehicle -Verbally address the suspect -Return to the cruiser -Re-approach the suspect vehicle -Return to the cruiser -Conduct a Walk-Back pattern -Complete an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop as performed in SPO #9 -Take custody of the suspect in the area between the front of the cruiser and the rear of the suspect vehicle -Perform a full search -Place the suspect in the cruiser -Complete an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop using a suspect Walk-back pattern and take custody of the suspect at the cruiser as performed in SPO #9 -Perform a full search -Place the suspect in the cruiser -Complete an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop and take custody of the suspect at the suspect vehicle -Complete an Unknown-Risk vehicle stop and take custody of the suspect in the area between the front of the cruiser and the rear of the suspect vehicle

Identify the goals in a High-Risk vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #13

-Take all the time needed to pre-plan the stop -If possible, wait for backup prior to initiating the stop -If the suspect forces the stop, cover the vehicle from the safest location possible and hold position until backup arrives -In a perfect situation, it is safest to have four officers on scene -Cruiser positions should be such to create a wall between officers and suspects -Maintain cover and concealment in a low profile position oThe engine block provides more effective cover oCruiser tires may offer some protection from rounds striking the ground -Maintain weapons coverage on all suspects until all are in custody -Initially, control three main things oKeys Placed on the roof Thrown out the window Circumstances or personal choice dictate which The goal being the vehicle cannot be driven away oHands Out the window Fingers interlaced on top of head Out to the side with palms up The goal being the suspect(s) cannot access a weapon oEyes Direct away from officer's actions The goal being the suspect(s) cannot plan an attack -One officer, if not the primary officer, must be designated to issue assignments to other officers and commands to suspects -At least one officer should have a long gun (e.g., rifle, shotgun) and be assigned to cover the suspects and vehicle throughout the stop -Suspects are called out one at a time starting with the driver, and are placed in a position of disadvantage (e.g., kneeling, prone) - several options are available to communicate these orders oUse of the cruiser public address system oUse of a strong voice -Follow the stages of arrest in proper order oControl oHandcuff Search oOfficers assigned this task should not have long guns as they will need to go hands on and must holster to do so -Clear the suspect vehicle - in all options, initially use the public address system to give any remaining suspects the opportunity to come out -Consider the following options oUsing a K-9, if available, and there is an open suspect vehicle door oCruiser drive by with cover officer walking beside oChemical weapon deployment from a delivery system that allows officers to maintain cover (e.g., pepper ball) -Officer run up - presents the most risk to officers oTwo officers are designated to make a rapid, low profile approach to respective positions at the rear corners of the suspect vehicle oTouch the trunk to guard against unexpected opening oCheck the rear seat by a "quick peek" method -Yell "clear" or "suspect" -Check the front seat in the same manner -Any observed suspects should cause officers to seek cover and issue additional commands -If the interior is clear, retrieve the keys and check the trunk, staying close to the vehicle on each officer's respective side -In all actions, crossfire situations must be avoided

Suspect walk back patterns 8-5 SPO #9

-Three suspect walk-back patterns - these options can be used when assessment elevates the threat level and a safer method of contact is indicated -All three patterns require oThe officer remain behind the concealment of the cruiser door (a cruiser door is not good cover, but can provide some level of protection) oThe officer directs the suspect to walk back to the cruiser out in the open -The officer takes a ready stance prior to ordering the suspect to walk back and can even take the holster ready position (i.e., dominant hand onto pistol grip prepared to release holster retention system), if the threat assessment dictates -The patterns oWalk-Back oWalk-Through oWalk-Back/Walk-Through -Approach preparation is the same -Approach pattern goals are the same -Acquiring the best view of the interior will be from a distance -Upon exiting the cruiser, take a standing position behind the open cruiser door in a ready stance oBe aware that the open door will make the cruiser profile closer to passing motorists oDo not reveal position with flashlight if dark oConstant assessment and sensory sweep -Ensure there is a break in traffic to allow suspect a safe exit before signaling the suspect to do so oBy hand signal oVerbally - utilize speaker if necessary -Greet the suspect oResponse considerations if the driver has a CCW and is carrying a weapon oif known, the officer should ascertain the location of the firearm and verify compliance to the law -Persons issued a concealed handgun license are required to oPromptly inform any law enforcement officer who approaches after the stop that they have a license and are carrying a concealed handgun oKeep their hands in plain sight while the officer approaches and leaves the vehicle unless directed otherwise by the officer -Not knowingly touch the concealed handgun unless directed otherwise by the officer -Not knowingly disregard or fail to comply with any lawful order of any law enforcement officer while the person is stopped -Ask the suspect to retrieve his/her license, registration, and insurance and bring it with them to your cruiser -Request that the suspect walk back to your cruiser -As the suspect nears, direct him/her to stand near the driver's side front tire of the cruiser -Use the non-dominant hand to retrieve documents by making the suspect hand them to you. Do not reach over the door for the documents and place yourself at a tactical disadvantage -Instruct the suspect to return to a position near the driver's side front tire of the cruiser oAt this point, you may wish to have him/her stay at this location oAssessment may indicate this is the best option -Inform the suspect you will review the documents and order the suspect to return to his/her vehicle -Remain standing and monitor the suspect's return and entry into the vehicle -Pause momentarily to assess behavior -Decide, based on assessment, how you will conclude the contact oLeft-Side or Right-Side Walk-up oSuspect Walk-Back -All steps are the same as the Walk-Back pattern except that the officer uses the front passenger side door rather than the driver's door -Ensure the passenger door is unlocked -Exit the cruiser oClose the driver's door quietly oMove to the back of the cruiser oMove behind the cruiser and take a position behind the open passenger door -Instruct the suspect to walk between the rear of the suspect vehicle and the front of the officer's cruiser -The conclusion of this pattern is the same as the Suspect Walk-Back -All steps are the same as the suspect Walk-Back pattern until the suspect is in the process of walking back -The officer's assessment of the suspect may indicate a position behind the passenger door is more appropriate oSuspect exhibits signs of impairment oSuspect movements oTraffic patterns have changed -The ability to multitask is crucial to officer safety -Facilitate the change in plan by communicating with the suspect oRequest the suspect stop while the officer changes position oRequest the suspect go back to the vehicle; move while his/her back is turned oMove quickly behind the cruiser to the passenger door position and continue the Walk-Through pattern

Identify the primary reason for traffic enforcement. 10-2 SPO #1

-To reduce traffic collisions, their resulting injuries, and to facilitate the safe and expedient flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic

Describe the role of a peace officer regarding traffic 10-1 SPO #1

-Traffic enforcement oAccording to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the primary tool used to reach the scene of a crime and to elude the police is a vehicle The criminal uses the vehicle to get to the crime scene The criminal uses the vehicle as part of the crime The criminal uses the vehicle to leave the crime scene oAs a peace officer, if you have probable cause to believe a violation of law exists, then it is your duty and responsibility to take appropriate enforcement action oTraffic law enforcement is important in reducing general crime Crimes (e.g., robbery, rape, vehicle theft) may be prevented by a visible police presence The criminal wants to conduct activity without being detected or identified at or near the scene of a crime If the criminal knows there is a great possibility of being contacted by an officer, the criminal may choose not to commit the crime or move to a lesser enforced jurisdiction -Traffic investigation oOfficers will investigate traffic collisions, including hit skip and serious injury involving felony charges oThey will also investigate specific complaints (e.g., violator's passing school busses, traffic control devices not being followed, road rage incidents) oOfficers need to be aware that these investigations may turn into something more than just a traffic violation

Identify why the most crucial component of the officer initiated contact is the assessment. 8-5 SPO #7

-Without assessment, officers cannot choose a plan of action -The officer is constantly assessing and re-assessing the threat level for factors that may appear or change and necessitate tactical adjustment -Assessment can change a situation at any time before and during the vehicle stop. This could be based upon oAdditional information received oOfficer observations oActions by the suspect, passengers, or others within close proximity to the contact

Identify the Ohio Revised Code section that covers definitions related to motor vehicle offenses 10-2 SPO #2

-is located in the .01 section of each chapter

Demonstrate loading the semi-automatic pistol. 4-1 SPO #3

1. Insert loaded magazine into magazine well 2. Push magazine until seated 3. Rack the slide to charge the chamber 4. If the pistol is not going to be fired immediately, engage safety device or de-cock if appropriate

Demonstrate unloading the semi-automatic pistol. 4-1 SPO #4

1. With muzzle awareness, the weapon pointed in a ballistically sound direction, and with your finger off the trigger, remove the magazine 2. Rack the slide several times - watching the round eject onto the ground 3. Do not attempt to catch the round 4. Lock slide to the rear 5. Physically and visually check the chamber and magazine well 6. Look away 7. Physically and visually check chamber and magazine well a second time 8. Let slide move forward 9. Return pistol to holster

Define the term High-Risk vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #6

A vehicle stop which has a high potential for felonious assault or vehicle crash

Define the term Unknown-Risk vehicle stop. 8-5 SPO #5

A vehicle stop which has an unknown potential for felonious assault or vehicle crash

Describe information an officer should document and provide when making a referral to a children's services agency 3-5 SPO #3

Physical abuse - Serious and/or multiple inflicted injuries to any area of the body - Any inflicted injury requiring medical attention - Injury to vulnerable or sensitive areas of the body (e.g., eyes, genitalia) - Injuries not consistent with the history given - Widespread bruising - Multiple injuries in various stages of the healing process - Corporal punishment of a child less than one year old - Any dangerous acts (e.g., electric shock, preventing a child from breathing) that place the child at risk of serious harm - Signs of abusive head trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome - Intentionally pulling a child's hair out - Injury is a result of Domestic Violence directed at the child - Caregiver forced the child to eat a non-food item or a food item in an excessive amount that can be toxic - Caregiver denies child proper amounts of food and water Emotional abuse - The child is threatened with extreme or sinister punishment - Caregiver threatens child with a weapon - Caregiver encourages child to participate in criminal/delinquent behavior - Caregiver repeatedly involves the child in activities causing significant emotional stress to the child Sexual abuse - Child under the age of 18 engaged in sexual activity with any relative, regardless of force or coercion - An adult acting in loco parentis that engages in sexual conduct/contact with a child - A child between the ages of 13 and 16 engaged in sexual activity with any person more than 4 years older than the child - Caregiver touches a child's genitalia for purposes other than hygiene - Caregiver has the child touch the caregiver's genitalia - Caregiver masturbates in front of the child; asks the child to masturbate - Caregiver makes no attempt to prevent child from observing sexual behavior - Caregiver shows child pornographic material - Caregiver tricks or forces a child into sexual play Drug use and abuse - A child has access to drugs and/or drug paraphernalia (e.g., needles) - Caretaker knowingly allows access/exposure to a drug lab - Child is used as a part of a drug distribution operation - Caregiver is arrested for Operating a Vehicle Under the Influence with a child in the car - Caregiver gives child inappropriate doses of medication creating a threat of harm and/or injury - Caregiver uses illegal substances with the child - Caregiver encourages the child to become intoxicated and/or become intoxicated with the caregiver Neglect - Child left with inappropriate caregiver or no caregiver - Caregiver cannot provide for the child's basic needs o Caregiver fails to provide food, shelter, or clothing o Caregiver does not provide for adequate utilities in the home o Caregiver is not providing adequate sustenance to sustain life, weight gain, and/or growth o Caregiver does not provide for adequate medical care (e.g., sells the child's prescriptions, does not seek medical care for severe injury) - Caregiver's whereabouts are unknown and child is found to be alone - Caregiver tells the child to not return home and provides no alternate placement - Caregiver leaves child alone for significant amounts of time - Caregiver leaves infant/toddler in a vehicle with no supervision - Caregiver's home presents a safety and/or health hazard due to deplorable conditions (e.g., excessive garbage, rotted food, exposed wiring, insect/rodent infestation) - Caregiver improperly restrains the child (e.g., handcuffed to a bed, taped to a chair) or locks child in a confined space - Caregiver does not provide for educational needs of the child (e.g., does not send child to school, impedes academic process)

On a charge of Misuse of a Credit Card, for purpose of deciding what degree of offense to chare, what period of time should the officer examine to determine the cumulative value of the property or services obtained through the Misuse of a Credit Card?

a. A consecutive 90-day period

28. Kevin set fire to an old apartment building. No one has lived in the building for at least two years. However, the building is rather large, and when the wind kicked up the fire spread to an adjacent structure where two families live. One of the occupants in the adjacent structure was severely burned by the fire. What is the most appropriate charge for Kevin?

a. Aggravated Arson 2909.02

2. Jim approached a young couple sitting in their car. When he demanded that the couple give him all of their money, they refused. At this point, Jim put his hand in his coat pocket and indicated to the couple that he had a gun. He told them that if they did not immediately give him al l of their money, he would shoot them. The couple complied. Jim had a .38 revolver in his coat pocket, be he never removed the gun from his pocket so the couple could see it. What is the appropriate charge for Jim?

a. Aggravated Robbery 2911.01 (A)(1)(A)

22. On October 1, 2015 John issued a check in the amount of $375 to the local furniture store to pay for a new sofa. The furniture store presented the check to the bank for payment, but on October 10, 2015, the bank refused to pay because of the insufficient funds in the account. The furniture store then sends John notice that the check was retuned for insufficient funds. John received the notice on October 13, 2015. As of October 20, 2015, the furniture store has not received payment from John and calls you to filed a bad check charge. Can we presume that John knew the check would be dishonored?

a. No, because 10 days have not passed since the time John received notice that the bank refused to pay on the check

8. What state of mind is required for an Aggravated Trespass violation?

a. Purposely 2911.

30. After they get out of jail, Josh and Al go to a local cemetery and seriously damage a number of the gravestones. You investigate the crime, they both admit that they damaged the gravestones. What statutory offense best fits this crime?

a. Vandalism

12. Jimmy noticed that the local food mart also had a coin machine that people put money into and in exchange received a movie. He inserted a screwdriver into a small hole in the front of the machine in the hope that he could pry open the coin box open and take the money. Just as he inserted the screwdriver into the hole another employee walked by, so he decided to leave the machine alone. Has Jimmy committed a crime?

a. Yes, Tampering with Coin Machines 2911.32

4. Richard used a glass cutter to cut a piece of window glass out of a back door and gain entry to a house. The house belonged to the Smith's, who were asleep in an upstairs bedroom. Once inside the house, Richard made his way to the living room where he found a TV and other electronic equipment. While the Smith's slept, Richard started taking these items out of the house. Unfortunately, when Richard came back to get the rest of the equipment, the Smiths were standing in the living room asking what he was doing in their house. Richard pulled out his 9mm Glock and told them not give him any trouble. They complied, and he took the rest of the equipment. What is the most appropriate charge for Richard?

b. Aggravated Burglary

6. Jimmy took his pry bar and went to a local stereo store that he knew would be closed because of the late hours. He intended to break into the store so that he could steal some stereo equipment. He pried and pried the back door but could not get in open, although he did considerable damage to the door itself. He also tried to smash the windows in, but they were all too strong and would not break. You come upon the scene just as Kimmy stops to break the windows and he immediately surrenders. What is the most appropriate charge for Jimmy?

b. Attempt Breaking and Entering 2923.02/2911.13

13. Karl is sitting at the food counter eating his lunch when he notices that the patron beside him left her credit card on the counter. Karl slyly picks up the credit card and walks out of the lunch shop before the patron remembers where she left her credit card. You are onto Karl and stop him as soon as he gets a block down the street. You charge Karl with Theft of a Credit Card. What level is the offense?

b. F5 2913.02

Ralph recently heard on TV and read in the newspaper that a firefighter was severely injured fighting a fire. He has been down on his luck lately, so Ralph decides to create a fake firefighter identification card and pose as a firefighter who worked with the injured firefighter. He does go door to door and asks people to contribute to a fund to help the injured firefighter pay his medical bills and support his family. What charge(s) are most appropriate for Ralph?

b. Personating and Officer and Forgery 2913.44 (A)

26. Which of the following is not an element of the offense of unlawful display of law enforcement emblem?

b. Purposely 2913.441

9. Cindy and Bobby were enjoying a late night out on the town when they came across an old house surrounded by a 15-foot high fence and clearly visible "NO TRESPASSING" signs. If they blatantly ignore the signs, scale the fence, and enter the property, they should be charged with criminal trespass for acting

b. Recklessly 2911.21

3. Rose went to a local department store with the intent to steal some clothes. She went directly to the clothing section of the store, put some clothes in a large bag that she brought with her, and attempted to exit the store. As she was walking out the door, she was stopped by the store security guard who told her that he had been watching her on the store video surveillance system, and that he had seen her taking the clothes and putting them in a bag. Rose punched the security guard in the face and managed to get around him although she was alter apprehended in the parking lot. The security guard had no visible injuries. What is the most appropriate charge for Rose?

b. Robbery 2911.02 (C)

The level of mental culpability required to violate any section of the Unauthorized use of property statute is

b. knowingly

27. You hear a report of a stolen vehicle come over the radio. Forty-five minutes later while on routine patrol, you see a vehicle matching the description of the stolen vehicle traveling down the road in front of you. You pull the vehicle over and find Bob in the driver's seat. You ask Bob why he is in a stolen vehicle. He is very nervous but finally responds that his friend Quinten let him borrow the vehicle to go up to the store. He says that he had no idea the car was stolen. You later learn that no one actually witnessed the theft of the vehicle. How do you charge Bob?

b. receiving stolen property 2913.51

19. Which of the following is not an element of Unlawful Use of a Telecommunication Device?

c. A verified telecommunications device 2913.06

1. If a suspect, knowingly and without privilege to do so, attempts to remove your CPD-issued handgun from your person at a time when you are clearly performing your duties as a law enforcement officer, the suspects should be charged with?

c. Aggravated Robbery 2911.01 (B)(C)

5. Burglary is different from aggravated burglary in that?

c. Aggravated burglary requires the offender to inflict, attempt to inflict, or threaten to inflict physical harm on another or that the offender have deadly weapon or dangerous ordinance on or about his/her person or under his/her control, whereas Burglary does not

10. Which of the following is not an element of the offense of criminal trespass on public amusement?

c. Enter or remain on any portion of a place of public amusement that is open to the public

23. Billy sat in his dorm room and watched his friend Joey create a template for fake state ID cards. Joey asked Billy if he could check around campus to find out who might be interested in buying such a card. Billy finds several students in interested in buying the cards. Joey and Billy agree to sell the cards for $50 each and split the revenue. Eventually you learn about this scheme. What is the most appropriate charge for both Billy and Joey?

c. Forgery 2913.31

Bob allowed his neighbor Earl to borrow his motorcycle to run up to the corner store. Two days later Earl pulls into Bob's driveway, having had the motorcycle total of 46 hours. Bob asks Earl where in the world he had been with the motorcycle, and Earl responds that he decided to take a quick trip up to Chicago to visit his Aunt. Bob calls the police, and they decide to charge Earl with unauthorized use of a vehicle. Is this a valid charge, and if so what level offense should be charged?

c. It is a valid charge regardless of whether earl left he state but the fact that he left the states elevates the level of the offense to an F5 2913.03

Jeff was unhappy with his college grades, so he decided to break into the college administration building after hours and access the computer system to change his grades of D and F to grades of A and B. No one was in the building at the time. Jeff was very happy when he checked his grades the next day and saw the changes he had made. However, the college administration learned of the break in and unauthorized access to the computer system, and they soon traced it all back to Jeff. What are the most appropriate charges for Jeff?

c. Tampering with Records & Breaking & Entering 2913.42

11. Jimmy watched his boss at the local food mart open to the store safe numerous times. He knew that the store usually kept a lot of money in the safe, so one day when nobody was around he played with the combination until he was able to open the safe. However, much to his dismay, there was nothing inside. Has Jimmy committed a crime?

c. Yes, Safecracking 2911.31

Susan worked beside Bob for 10 years at the local sheriff's officer. Over the years, Susan watched her co-worker and friend Bob run numerous criminal records on the LEADS system on his computer. One day while Bob was at lunch, someone came up to the counter asking for a record check. Susan felt confident that she could run the check and that Bob would be OK with her using the system, so she got on Bob's computer and ran the LEADS record for the customer. Has Susan violated the law?

c. Yes, although she may have an affirmative defense 2913.04

Which of the following is not one of the statutorily specified ways to obtain or exert control over property or services in a theft offense

c. beyond the scope of express or implied consent of the owner of person unauthorized to give consent

20. On a charge of passing bad checks, in determining whether a person is guilty of the degree of offense charged, what period of time can the court look at to determine the cumulative value of the payments received on the bad checks issued?

d. A consecutive 180-day period 2913.11

29. Josh and his friend Al went around the neighborhood late at night bashing in mailboxes. You drive around taking the reports and learn that over 40 mailboxes have been damaged. Eventually you are able to pull fingerprints off of one of the damaged mailboxes. You match those fingerprints to Josh, and Josh admits that he and Al damaged the mailboxes. What would be the most appropriate charge(s) for Josh and Al?

d. Criminal Mischief & Criminal Damaging 2909.07

7. What state of mind is required for a Criminal Trespass violation?

d. It could be knowingly, recklessly, or negligently depending on what section of the statute is being violated? 2911.21

18. Jack is a web programmer, and his friend Dave is an e-commerce expert. They devised a scheme whereby they would create a fake but very legitimate looking on-line dating site. They would post pictures and bios of numerous imposters who were not really available for dates, and in the process, they would collect a fee for each person who joined the site. After Jack and Dave had collected several hundred thousand dollars on this fake site, you uncover the scheme. The most appropriate charges for Jack and Dave are;

d. Theft and Telecommunication Fraud 2913.05 (C)