Quiz 3

______ include mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts and smuts.

Basidiomycetes

What are these?

Basidiomycota (mushrooms)

Pseudotsuga menziesii is the botanical name of the great Douglas-Fir tree of the Pacific Northwest. To which major group of plants does P. menziesii belong?

Conifers

In ______ reproduction, there is no meiosis and no fusion of gametes, so the offspring are all genetically identical to the single parent.

asexual

In Chapter 10 of Diversity of Life, E.O. Wilson claims that _____ has increased a thousand fold since the early days of the microbial mats, pulled along by evolutionary progress, measured in turn by [the] great steps that mark the passage of eons.

biological diversity

True fungi produce cell walls containing the polymer ______.

chitin

Hyperion is the name of a _____ (Sequoia sempervirens) in Northern California that was measured at 115.61 meters (379.3 ft), which ranks it as the world's tallest known living tree.

coastal redwood

In Chapter 11 of The Diversity of Life, E.O. Wilson talks about the life and _____ of species.

death

Glomeromycetes

form arbuscular endomycorrhizae with plant roots

In the angiosperms, _____ are the mature, ripened ovaries, while the _____ develop from the ovules.

fruit, seeds

The slender filamentous cells of _____ are called hyphae.

fungi

Seed plants include the ______.

gymnosperms and angiosperms

In chapter nine of Diversity of Life, E.O. Wilson uses the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) as an example of a classic _____ species, a small predator that prevents a particular herbivorous species from eliminating dominant plant species. Since the prey numbers are low, the ______ predator numbers can be even lower and still be effective. Yet without the predators, the herbivorous prey explode in numbers, wipe out the dominant plants, and dramatically alter the character of the ecosystem.

keystone

A ______ is an obligate symbiotic association between a photosynthetic autotroph (usually a green alga and/or a cyanobacterium) and a fungus (usually an ascomycete).

lichen

A strengthening compound found in cell walls of woody vascular plants is _____.

lignin

Mutualistic relationships between fungi and the roots of plants are called ______.

mycorrhizas

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct nuclei within each cell are dikaryotic, which is described as ______ (because there are two separate haploid nuclei) rather than ______ (which implies a single diploid nucleus).

n + n, 2n

In a coenocytic cell, multiple _____ in a common cytoplasm control all cellular activities in a concerted effort.

nuclei

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, the transfer of immature male gametophytes from the male to the female reproductive structure is known as ______.

pollination

The mature _____ contains an embryonic sporophyte and a food supply (stored in the cotyledons or as endosperm), surrounded by a tough, protective coat.

seed

Fungi reproduce by ______.

spores

Like the gymnosperms and angiosperms, certain ferns and club mosses exhibit heterospory, a life cycle characterized by the production of two types of ______.

spores

The flagellated spores of chytrids are called ______.

zoospores