quiz 4 psych

C

Which type of coping regulates the negative emotions associated with stressful events? a. problem-focused coping b. meaning-focused coping c. emotion-focused coping d. mood-induced coping

B

With so many different types of measures used to assess personality it is important to examine both the extent to which scores change over time and the consistency of test scores across repeated assessments. When completing test-retests like this, researchers are assessing measures' _____________. a. validity b. reliability c. objectivity d. individual differences

B

A benefit of using behavioral measures includes the fact that they are: a. the easiest form to collect b. subject to less biased responses c. able to provide insight into participants' motives d. easier to score than other methods

A

A person's willingness to stay in a relationship no matter what - to "stick it out" even in hard times" - is related to which component of love, according to Robert Sternberg? a. commitment b. passion c. intimacy d. longevity

A

According to Armour (2007), a Gallup poll indicated that employees who had ________ at work reported 50% more job satisfaction than those who did not. a. close friends b. a romantic interest in a colleague c. higher wages than they thought they deserved d. job security

C

According to Erickson, which is one of the greatest achievements for the self as a motivated agent? a. developing theory of mind b. creating a self-narrative c. developing an identity d. creating a social reputation

A

According to Robert Sternberg's theory, love is comprised of three different components. Which of the following is not one of them? a. security b. passion c. intimacy d. commitment

A

According to noted sociologist Emile Durkheim, achieving a state of personal well-being requires what? a. being socially connected b. having children c. accepting one's state of being alone in the world d. financial stability

A

Albert has a large project due to his boss by the end of the week. Although it's stressful, Albert makes a step-by-step to-do list to ensure he can accomplish the project on time. Albert is displaying what type of coping? a. problem-focused coping b. emotion-focused coping c. retroactive-focused coping d. meaning-focused coping

A

Caring, closeness, and emotional support are all parts of the ________ component of love. a. intimacy b. passion c. attachment d. commitment

C

Damon experienced a death in his family from the hurricane that passed through his city recently. His stress levels are very high and he's starting to feel very tired and distracted at work. From these symptoms, what phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome would we say that Damon is in? a. arousal b. coping c. exhaustion d. alarm

B

David is happy and optimistic. He enjoys being around other people and participating in extreme sports like skydiving and bungee jumping. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score high in? a. agreeableness b. extraversion c. openness d. conscientiousness

A

Denita is a very ardent, right-wing conservative and always votes for Republican candidates. She recently met Troy, who she thinks is interesting and very attractive. Once she finds out that he is a very liberal individual who prefers Democratic candidates, she may no longer want to date him. This change in her opinion demonstrates the ________ hypothesis. a. matching b. coordination c. complementarity d. proximity

A

Dianne has a reputation for being a difficult person. She is suspicious of others, unhelpful, and not very compassionate. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Dianne likely score low in? a. agreeableness b. extraversion c. openness d. conscientiousness

C

Dr. Peters gives the same personality test to a client three times over the course of 6 months, and finds that the results are very similar. This test would be described as having high ________ due to the consistency of its findings. a. standardization b. validity c. reliability d. norms

D

Dr. Phillips is administering a personality test to her client, and she feels very confident that this test is an accurate measure of personality; that is, she feels that the test measures what it designed to measure. Dr. Phillips is confident in this test's __________. a. reliability b. standardization c. norms d. validity

D

Dr. Reichl is a psychoanalyst who believes that analyzing his patients' dreams is one of the best ways to access this part of their mind. a. subconscious b. preconscious c. conscious d. nonconscious

A

Every day on his way to work, Darnell passes a particular coffee shop. Before starting his job Darnell had never heard of the shop, but now that he sees it every day he stops there regularly and finds that it has become his favorite place to get a cup of coffee. According to research by Robert Zajonc, Darnell's liking of the coffee shop is due to the ________ effect. a. mere exposure b. proximity c. intrinsic motivation d. proximal incentive

D

Factor analysis allowed personality theorists to: a. generate statistically significant descriptions of personality traits b. assess the ability of specific personality tests to predict behavior c. measure the contribution of genetics to personality characteristics d. analyze the correlations among traits and identify the most important ones

C

Hammond likes his daily routine that involves eating the same breakfast while reading the newspaper, and taking the same route to work. Every year he vacations at his favorite beach resort. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score low in? a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. openness d. extraversion

B

Having sufficient social resources helps support individuals' subjective well-being. Which of the following is the best example of these resources? a. living in s country with high voter turnout b. having a friend you can turn to in times of need c. having material opportunities—such as movie theaters—where people can be entertained in groups d. living independently without need for others' support

B

How has our perspective on health changed over the years? a. We've given greater concentration to chronic, physical diseases like HIV. b. We look at physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or illness. c. We incorporate newer technology to prevent illnesses before they become critical. d. We've introduced prevention and treatment regimens that are easier for patients to adhere to.

B

In the classic study by Hartshorne, May, Maller, and Shuttleworth (1928), the authors found that if they varied the situation, they could get children to behave honestly or dishonestly depending on the situation. This study supports the belief that ______. a. children's ethical behavior depends on their personality b. children's ethical behavior depends on the situation c. children's ethical behavior depends on their parents d. children's ethical behavior is genetically determined

A

In the model of Robert Sternberg, what kind of love is marked by passion, commitment, and intimacy all at the same time? a. consummate love b. companionate love c. liking d. fatuous love

A

International studies of happiness yield which of the following results regarding the relation of money and subjective well-being? a. In general, average levels of happiness are higher in economically developed nations although Latin America is a notable exception to this trend b. In general, average levels of happiness are higher in economically underdeveloped nations such as those in sub-Saharan Africa and Central Asia. c. In general, communist countries such as Cuba, China and North Korea have high levels of subjective well-being while capitalist nations such as Canada and the United States have only moderate levels. d. It is impossible to accurately compare subjective well-being across cultures.

A

Istvan is well liked by his friends because he is trusting, considerate, compassionate, loyal, and easy to get along with. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Istvan likely score high in? a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. openness d. extraversion

A

Jada and Will have been dating for 3 weeks and are feeling very emotionally close to each other. They have begun a satisfying sexual relationship and each feels a need to be around the other at all times. Neither of them has thought about whether the relationship has a future; they are both enjoying the present. In Sternberg's model, this might demonstrate ________ love. a. romantic b. empty c. fatuous d. consummate

B

Jarrod reports feeling that his life is going well overall. He experiences many desirable and pleasant emotions on a daily basis, but also has battled with anger and worry since he had children. What level of subjective well-being (SWB) might we say that Jarrod holds? a. very high SWB, because having children increases health and happiness b. moderately high SWB, because you can still have some negative emotions and be happy c. moderately low SWB, because anger and worry drain happiness and life satisfaction d. very low SWB, because Jarrod's negative emotions interfere with his responsibilities and happiness

A

Jessie is interested in the cultural differences in respectfulness. To measure this she records how far away a person sits down when invited for an interview. The ability of Jessie's measure to predict her interest in respectfulness is known as the study's: a. validity b. reliability c. directness d. objectivity

A

Joe and Ruth have been married for 43 years. Neither of them is terribly attracted to the other anymore; in fact, they have not had sex in many years. They don't share common interests, and rarely do things together. When they are asked why they don't divorce, they both say "after all of this time, where am I going to go?" This type of love that only involves commitment, is called ________ love. a. empty b. companionate c. extended d. protracted

B

Kyle has a reputation for being very calm during an emergency. He copes very well with stress and is able to think clearly and make effective decisions. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score low in? a. agreeableness b. neuroticism c. openness d. conscientiousness

A

Martin has been trying very hard to be friendly with Jeannie, but she just seems distant to him. Although he's never done anything wrong to her, he finds that he no longer has an interest in being friends with her. It appears that the lack of ________ from Jeannie has ended Martin's willingness to be warm and pleasant toward her. a. reciprocity b. similarity c. proximity d. aesthetics

C

Of all the possible stress reduction techniques which of the following has the most health benefits? a. biofeedback b. emotion-focused coping c. exercise d. mind-body connection

D

Self-report questionnaires are subject to which of the following biases? a. letter of recommendation effect b. sibling contrast effect c. self-verification d. social desirability

A

The Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test are two prominent examples of __________ tests. a. projective b. objective c. behavioral d. interview-based

A

The ________ component of love is comprised of physiological and emotional arousal. It can include physical attraction, emotional responses that promote physiological changes, and sexual arousal. a. passion b. infatuation c. intimacy d. lovemaking

C

The feature that makes a test "objective" is: a. it does not allow for subjective responding b. it focuses on a single variable (or "object") c. it is scored objectively d. it is administered by computer

D

The most familiar and widely-used approach to assessing personality is the __________,in which standard items are presented and these items use a limited response format such as an agree-disagree scale. a. behavioral observation b. projective test c. behavioral interview d. objective test

D

The night before a midterm exam, Kurt is invited to a party by his friends. He decides not to go to the party because doing well in the course is important to his career goals. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score high in? a. agreeableness b. neuroticism c. openness d. conscientiousness

A

The term that refers to physical nearness and plays a big part in the interpersonal attraction that develops between people is ________. a. proximity b. tangentiality c. complementarity d. reciprocity

A

Vishnu is an extremely hostile and competitive person. One might say he has a Type A personality. Due to these characteristics, we can predict what about Vishnu? a. He is at risk for heart problems such as damaged arteries. b. The detriments to his physical health will be offset by stronger social support. c. He experiences more daily negative emotions but still shows resiliency. d. He has a strong sense of control and self-efficacy which will help his health.

C

Wayne likes to travel to learn about new cultures. Whenever he returns from a trip he brings home a piece of art from that culture to add to his collection. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would Wayne likely score high in? a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. openness d. extraversion

B

What is the definition of stressors? a. Events that affect people physiologically b. Events or experiences that induce psychological and/or physiological stress c. Traumatic events that disrupt homeostasis and one's ability to cope d. Psychological beliefs that interfere with the ability to function optimally

D

What part do negative feelings play in subjective well-being? a. None; people who are high in SWB do not experience negative feelings. b. Negative feelings such as sadness are okay to experience but depression is not. c. Negative feelings are experienced as positive by people who are chronically negative. d. Negative feelings are functional and should be experienced as appropriate but only some of the time.

D

What were the main findings from Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? a. Daily hassles, although not traumatic, can have large impacts on health. b. Participants who were less stressed were less likely to get sick when exposed to a cold virus. c. Assessing biological, psychological, and social factors are all important in the development of diseases. d. Phases of stress, including arousal, coping, and exhaustion, was first discovered while studying rats.

B

When determining what measure to use, researchers often assess a measure's validity. Validity is when a measure: a. produces consistent scores across time b. is able to predict theoretical outcomes c. directly assesses participants' responses d. indirectly assesses participants' responses

A

When it comes to research findings on interpersonal relationships, including romantic connections, which phrase is the most accurate? a. "Birds of a feather flock together." b. "Opposites attract." c. "Absence makes the heart grow fonder." d. "There's a lot of 'good' in goodbye."

B

Which of the following is the best definition of self-efficacy? a. A feeling like you have the power to change your environment and behavior if you need or want to b. A belief that one can perform adequately in a given situation c. The size of one's social network or number of social roles d. Cynical thoughts and feelings related to the self

D

__________ testing refers to a situations in which test scores are used to make important decisions about individuals, such as being hired for a job. a. Placement b. Criterion-related c. Predictive d. High-stakes