Quiz 4b

Any large cave formed by chemical processes is a Question options: collapse sinkhole. doline. karst valley. cavern.

cavern.

If material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of Question options: inertial resistance of the material. friction, cohesion of particles, and intertial resistance. the cohesion of particles to each other. friction.

friction, cohesion of particles, and intertial resistance.

Chemical weathering processes are particularly effective on limestone landscapes, forming Question options: karst topography. hydrolysis plains. exfoliation domes and arch-like forms. pressure-release jointing.

karst topography.

The downslope movement of a body of material made up of soil, sediment, or rock propelled by the force of gravity is known as Question options: mass movement. slide. lahar. downslope flow.

mass movement.

Which of the following is not a class of mass movement? Question options: fall flow slip creep slide

slip

A slope is ________ if its strength exceeds denudation processes and ________ if its materials are weaker than denudation processes. Question options: in disequilibrium; in equilibrium stable; unstable unstable; stable in equilibrium; in disequilibrium

stable; unstable

Which of the following are examples of dripstones? Question options: stalagmites stalactites only stalactites and stalagmites are examples of dripstones. stalactites, stalagmites, and columns are all examples of dripstones. columns

stalactites, stalagmites, and columns are all examples of dripstones.

Plants are important to the development of karst primarily because Question options: the decay of large roots below the surface produces cavities which eventually enlarge to form caves. they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process. None of these - plants play no role in the development of karst. openings adjacent to their roots serve as microchannels that allow water to enter the rock.

they supply organic acids that enhance the dissolution process.

Cones and cockpit karst develop in Question options: polar regions. cold, midlatitude climates. wet tropical areas. arid regions.

wet tropical areas.

Which of the following is not necessary for well-developed karst to develop? Question options: arid conditions vegetation high proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock joints in rock of otherwise low permeability

arid conditions

The photograph shows an example of which mass movement process? Question options: both debris flow and landslide debris flows landslide scarification both scarification and landslide

both scarification and landslide

When rainwater attacks formations of limestone, the minerals dissolve and wash away with the mildly acid rainwater. This is an example of Question options: oxidation. frost action. carbonation. crystallization.

carbonation.

A sinkhole that develops over a period of hours or days and forms from a collapse through the roof of an underground cavern is known as a Question options: doline. collapse sinkhole. karst valley. solution sinkhole.

collapse sinkhole.

A mass of falling and tumbling rock, debris, and soil traveling at a high velocity owing to the presence of ice or water is a Question options: rockfall. mudflow. debris avalanche. landslide.

debris avalanche.

Extensive landscapes formed by the dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rock and characterized by pitted, bumpy surface topography, poor surface drainage, and well developed solutions channels are known as Question options: high tablelands. plains. basins. karst topography.

karst topography.

Continuing dissolution and collapse may lead to the coalescing of sinkholes to form a Question options: rise. doline. karst valley. disappearing stream.

karst valley.

The weathering of limestone can create circular depressions known as Question options: caverns. stalactites. uvalas. sinkholes.

sinkholes

A slow persistent mass movement of surface soil is called Question options: a debris avalanche. soil creep. a rockfall. a soil slide.

soil creep

The mass movement process responsible of the curved growing pattern in the trees and the downsloping leaning of the utility posts and fences is Question options: landslide. rockfall. debris avalanche. soil creep.

soil creep

The presence of talus slopes indicates that ________ occur(s). Question options: slumps rockfalls creep mudflows planar slides

rockfalls

Which of the following can lead to the slope failure that causes mass movement? Question options: soil and/or rock saturation from rainfall earthquakes volcanic eruptions oversteepening of the slope saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

saturation, oversteepening of slopes, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

Which of the following human activities can contribute to mass movement? Question options: any human disturbance of a slope, including roadcuts, surface mining, and development. surface mining (open pit mining) a roadcut through a hill residential and commercial development

any human disturbance of a slope, including roadcuts, surface mining, and development.

Although the news reports in January 2018 called the Montecito, California disaster a "mudslide," parts of the flow behaved as a debris flow because Question options: the front of the flow accumulated a wall of large debris (boulders, trees, cars) called a "slug" that can shear houses from their foundations. the front of the flow moved slightly slower than the mudflow slurry. Any of these choices are correct. The "mudslide" was technically a mudflow with portions behaving like a debris flow. the fluid dynamics of the flow changed, causing large materials like boulders to be nearly floating in the slurry.

Any of these choices are correct. The "mudslide" was technically a mudflow with portions behaving like a debris flow.

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor in the January 2018 Montecito, California debris flows? Question options: Human activity, like scarification, destabilized the mountain side. Recent fires had burned trees and other vegetation whose roots otherwise act to stabilize soils. Approximately 0.5 inches of rain fell in just five minutes and inundated the landscape. Only 0.4 inches of rain in an hour can produce debris flows. The mountain slopes of the Los Padres National Forest are steep.

Human activity, like scarification, destabilized the mountain side.