quiz 5-learning

What is the primary conclusion John Watson's made after working with Little Albert?

emotions can be a conditioned response

Frances receives one dollar for every pound of worms she gives her grandfather. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed ratio

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________

instincts

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

instincts

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

associational

Kicking your leg when your knee is tapped and quickly pulling your hand back when you accidently touch a hot stove are both examples of ________.

reflexes

Identify the major ethical flaw with John Watson's Little Albert experiment.

It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John Watson

According to Albert Bandura, ________

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

acquisition

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

negative reinforcement

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.

CS + UCS; continuous

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

latent

In classical conditioning, the ________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

unconditioned response