Quiz 7

One method of addressing the practical concern of costly measurement when using a multiple-baseline design across settings is to:

Use intermittent probes during baseline.

A withdrawal experimental design rules out confounding variables by removing the treatment variable in the third phase, the multiple-baseline design rules out confounding variables by ______.

Varying lengths of baselines

Which of the following is not a design factor to be considered when using a changing-criterion design? a. Length of phase. b. Magnitude of behavior change. c. Number of criterion changes. d. Verification of behavior change.

Verification of behavior change.

All of the following are appropriate situations in which to use a delayed multiple-baseline design except: a. When a planned reversal is no longer possible. b.When the researcher has limited resources to conduct data collection. c.When a reversal design is too challenging to implement. d.When additional subjects become available after the start of the study.

When a reversal design is too challenging to implement.

When using a multiple-baseline design, how would one decide when to implement the independent variable?

When baseline data are stable.

When an intervention that is known to be effective is withheld from a subject for the purposes of achieving a multiple-baseline design, this presents a(n) ____ challenge for researchers.

Ethical

Choose the situation in which a changing-criterion design would be most appropriate.

Evaluating the effects of a self-management goal setting program that includes small step-wise changes.

Self-management can help individuals to: a. Accomplish difficult tasks. b.Break bad habits and replace them with good ones. c. Live a more effective and efficient daily life. d. All of the above.

All of the above

Recommendations for self-administered consequences include: a. Keep it simple. b.Select small consequences that are easy to deliver. c.Set a meaningful, but easy-to-meet, criterion for reinforcement. d. All of the above.

All of the above.

What are some considerations for the appropriateness of the changing-criterion design? a. It does not require reversal of improved behavior. b. Only one target behavior is required. c. Changing-criterion design is for use with behaviors that are already in student's repertoire and that lend themselves to stepwise modification. d. All of the above.

All of the above.

Identify the definition of a multiple-baseline design.

An experimental design in which the replications involve baselines of differing durations and interventions of differing starting times.

Under what conditions is a multiple-baseline design more appropriate than a reversal design? a.When the dependent variable is self-injurious or highly dangerous. b.When the IV may have irreversible effects on the DV. c. Neither A nor B. d. Both A and B.

Both A and B

Which of the following is not a guideline for the multiple-baseline design? a.Select independent, yet functionally similar baselines. b.Do not apply the independent variable to the next behavior too soon. c. Do not measure behaviors concurrently. d. Intervene on the most stable baseline first.

Do not measure behaviors concurrently.

All of the following are advantages of the multiple-baseline design except: a. It is easy to conceptualize. b. Lack of treatment withdrawal. c.It mimics common practice of practitioners. d. It takes less time to implement.

It takes less time to implement.

Simultaneous measurement of two or more behaviors of a single participant describes which type of experimental design?

Multiple-baseline across behaviors.

In a multiple-baseline design, the functional relationship between the independent variable and the change in the subject's behavior is determined by:

Observation of unchanged behaviors in other tiers.

Self-management is best defined as the:

Personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior.

When a subject's behavior changes each time a new criterion is introduced, this is an example of ____.

Replication

This is a procedure whereby a person observes his or her behavior systematically and records the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a target behavior.

Self-monitoring

All of the following are limitations of the multiple-baseline design except: a.It may not reveal the functional relationship, even if one exists. b.Verification of predicated behavior change must be inferred from other behaviors. c.The behavior under study must be within the subject's repertoire already. d. It is weaker than the reversal design.

The behavior under study must be within the subject's repertoire already.