Quiz 8 Nutrients Essential to Fluid and Electrolyte Balance (Chapter 7)

What is the water AI (Adequate Intake) for a 40 year old man?

3.7 liters per day

Body fluid is the liquid portion of our cells and tissues. What percentage of our body weight is fluid?

50-70%

Depending on the environmental temperature, one could survive how long without water?

A few days

An electrical signal stimulates changes in the muscle cell membrane that lead to an increased flow of this mineral and triggers muscle contractions.

Calcium

This mineral works with sodium to maintain extracellular fluid balance.

Chloride

This is a serious condition that develops when fluid losses exceed fluid intake.

Dehydration

Osmosis is the movement of water towards solutes. This movement will continue until the concentration of solutes is what?

Equal solute on both sides of the cell membrane

This is the name for water outside of cells and makes up 1/3 of body fluid.

Extracellular

This condition occurs when blood potassium levels are high.

Hyperkalemia

This is the command center for fluid intake and is a cluster of nerve cells.

Hypothalamus

This stimulates the thirst mechanism.

Increased concentration of solutes in the blood

This organ removes excess sodium from the body and helps with blood pressure regulation.

Kidney

This mineral is found in both plants and animals and has a role in creating energy for cells.

Phosphorous

This mineral is the major intracellular negatively charged electrolyte. About 85% is stored in our bones.

Phosphorous

Hyponatremia is associated with decreased blood levels of this mineral.

Sodium

To regulate fluid balance, this positively charged ion is exchanged across cell membranes with potassium.

Sodium

This is the primary source of dietary chloride.

Table salt

Which of the following statements concerning electrolytes and the regulation of fluid balance is true?

Water flows toward a higher concentration of electrolytes

Metabolic loss

Water formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

Insensitive water loss

Water loss through continuous evaporation from skin and lungs

Sensible water loss

Water loss through urine output and sweating

Body fluid levels vary according to gender and age. Water comprises a larger percentage of total body weight in an 80 year old than in a 1 year old.

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