Quiz: Chapter 04: Searches

What type of search divides the search area into equal sectors on a map of the area and each sector is identified?

the zone search pattern

In what case did the Court rule that police may not legally search a home when one physically present resident consents but another physically present resident objects?

Georgia v. Randolph

The United State Supreme Court has established requirements for using informants to establish probable cause. Although a two-pronged test was initially adopted, it was later abandoned in favor of a "totality of the circumstances" test. Which court case was responsible for this more practical concept?

Illinois v. Gates

The most important factor in determining the legality of a warrantless trash inspection is the physical location of the retrieved trash. Police cannot trespass to gain access to the trash location, and, generally, the trash must not be located within the curtilage, which the Supreme Court has described as "the area to which extends the intimate activity associated with the sanctity of a man's home and the privacies of life." In other words, curtilage is that portion of a residence that is not open to the public. Which court case further defined the curtilage question?

United States v. Dunn

In what case did the Supreme Court approve the use anticipatory warrants if a proper showing is made that contraband or evidence will likely be found at the target location at a given time or when a specific triggering event occurs?

United States v. Grubbs

In Chimel v. California, courts ruled that a search incidental to a lawful arrest must be made simultaneously with the arrest and must be _____.

confined to the area within the suspect's immediate control

Which doctrine requires that searchers consider the probable size and shape of evidence they seek?

elephant-in-a-matchbox

United States v. Leon determined that evidence that is illegally obtained by the police may be admissible in court if the police were truly not aware they were violating a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights due to a faulty warrant. This doctrine is referred to as the _____.

good-faith doctrine

The Supreme Court has long upheld traffic checkpoints at the country's borders to serve the national interest. However, in Brown v. Texas, a balancing test was established to determine the constitutionality of roadblocks. This balancing test evaluated the lawfulness of roadblocks and considers three factors. All of the following are included in these three factors except __________.

how easily and quickly the roadblock can be moved

Nix v. Williams found that the defendant made incriminating statements when the police asked him to help find the 10-year-old victim's body, asking him to let her family give her a Christian burial. The Court ruled that because a large group of searchers was looking for the body, his statements were allowed. This case created which exception to the exclusionary rule?

inevitable discovery doctrine

Dogs can track and capture suspects and are ideally suited to assist in searching _____.

large areas with poor visibility

A centuries-old rule that the courts have consistently upheld is that officers must announce their presence and intent prior to entering a dwelling with a search warrant. An exception may be allowed if there is advance knowledge that the suspect may be heavily armed or if explosives may be present. What is the name of that exception?

no-knock warrant

What states that a search conducted with a warrant must be limited to the specific area and specific items named in the warrant?

particularity requirement

Anything material and relevant to the crime being investigated is known as _____.

physical evidence

A police officer is walking down a public sidewalk and happens to observe several guns inside of a parked vehicle. Without entering the vehicle, he is easily able to obtain the serial numbers and ascertains that they are stolen. This unconcealed evidence seen by the officer engaged in a lawful activity is admissible in court under which rule?

plain-view evidence

The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution forbids unreasonable searches and seizures and requires that legal searches and seizures be based on __________.

probable cause

To obtain either arrest warrants or search warrants, the key issue officers must present to a judge, while under oath or affirmation, is that there is _____.

probable cause

Which of the following searches may only be conducted after the suspect is arrested and in a secure facility?

strip search

What type of search begins at the center of an area to be searched and spreads out?

the circle-search pattern

What type of search partitions the area into narrow strips using stakes and string?

the lane-search pattern