quiz one

the _______ perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams—and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species—are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain.

biological

erica is part of a research group that is studying a group of software executives. she is trying to determine the relationship between workplace stress and cancer. as part of the same study, she also advises her subjects on ways to counter workplace stress. erica is most likely a _________.

health psychologist

__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.

humanism

which of the following completed all of the academic requirements for a Ph.D. at Harvard but was never awarded it?

mary whiton calkins

when a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. such fake pills are called _______.

placebos

research that is undertaken primarily because the researcher is interested in a research topic is called:

pure research

sofia does not like eating vegetables. to ensure that she eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of dessert every time sofia finishes her vegetables. In the context of behaviorism, this is known as _____.

reinforcement

a hypothesis is a:

statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

_______ were the first to believe that the mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience.

structuralists

which of the following statements is true of clinical psychologists?

they evaluate problems such as anxiety and depression through interviews and psychological tests.

identify a true statement about social-cognitive theorists.

they note that people engage in intentional learning by observing others.

as opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

true

in the 1940s and 1950s, psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of psychotherapy.

true

many case studies are clinical; that is, they are descriptions of a person's psychological problems and how a psychologist treated them.

true

psychology seeks to describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes.

true

an error in research reflecting the prospect that people who offer to participate in research studies differ systematically from people who do not is known as__________.

volunteer bias

_______ is credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory in leipzig, germany.

wilhelm wundt

derris is a research assistant in dr. smith's psychology lab. when the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, derris replied, "i do not know.' this is an example of a _______ study.

blind

which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?

clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior

correlations allow us to determine causality.

false

in a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. the latter would be considered an experimental group.

false

structuralists emphasized the tendency to organize perceptions into wholes and to integrate separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.

false

which of the following psychologists might treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys on matters such as picking a jury, and analyze offenders' behavior and mental processes?

forensic psychologists

which of the following is true of functionalism?

it looks at how habits help one cope with common situations.

_______ is the founder of behaviorism.

john b. watson