quizlet #1

QUESTION 46 Which of the following is the correct order for binary fission? The cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell, and a septum forms at midcell. None of the choices are correct. A septum forms at midcell, the cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell. The cell elongates, a septum forms at midcell, the cellreplicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell.

The cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell, and a septum forms at midcell.

QUESTION 26 One example of infectious disease transmission by a fomite is _______. a teenager with severe acne due to propionibacteria growing in sebaceous glands None of the choices are correct. a baby born with congenital syphilis from an infected mother a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that harbored rhinovirus

a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that hardboard rhinovirus

0 points QUESTION 2 Under normal circumstances, the microbiota of the skin is kept in check by _________. phagocytic activity excessive moisture a pH above 8 a slightly acidic pH

a slightly acidic pH

QUESTION 50 In the synthesis of amino acids, the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons. before during after

after

QUESTION 15 The human microbiome ________. evolves with humans over time is unrelated to an individual's lifestyle or gender is the same for each person remains unchanged throughout a lifetime

evolves with humans over time

QUESTION 38 The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is _________. respiratory secretions fomites body contact food and water

food and water

QUESTION 33 Probiotics are __________. compounds added to the diet to enhance the colonization and positive health benefits of the microbiome foods or supplements that include both a substance that enhances colonization and live microorganisms live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host FDA-approved supplements to promote the colonization of live microorganisms and simultaneously prevent the growth of pathogens

live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host

QUESTION 10 In mutualism _________. the mutualist is dependent on the host All of the choices are correct. a reciprocal benefit accrues to both partners the partners will not survive separately in many cases

All answer choices are correct

QUESTION 12 Macrophages ________. are derived from monocytes All of the choices are correct. have receptors for compounds released by the immune system that coat microorganisms and enhance phagocytosis spread throughout the body of animals and take up residence in specific tissues

All of the answer choices are correct

QUESTION 39 Which of the following is (are) used by microorganisms to become resistant to a particular drug? An alternate metabolic pathway that bypasses the drug-sensitive step All of the choices are correct. Exclusion of the drug from the cell Enzymatic inactivation of the drug

All of the choices aer correct

QUESTION 17 Prevention and control of rabies includes _________. pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats All of the choices are correct. post-exposure vaccination of humans pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk

All of the choices are correct

QUESTION 18 Which of the following is a useful mechanism of action for an antibacterial drug? Interference with RNA and DNA synthesis Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Inhibition of protein synthesis

All of the choices are correct.

QUESTION 9 The endosymbionts of ruminant animals are useful to their hosts in which of the following ways? All of the choices are correct. They digest the cellulose of plant cell walls. They produce most of the vitamins needed by the ruminant. They convert glucose to organic acids.

All the choices are correct

0 points QUESTION 5 The disease anthrax is caused by a species belonging to which genus? Ehrlichia Bacillus Kingella Vibrio

Bacillus

QUESTION 37 The pathogen most frequently involved in causing clostridial myonecrosis is _________. Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringens Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium septicum

Clostridium perfringens

QUESTION 25 Dried pigeon droppings are a potential source of infection with ________. Malassezia furfur Coccidioides immitis Cryptococcus neoformans Blastomyces dermatitidis

Cryptococcus neoformans

QUESTION 6 Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes? None of the choices are correct. Dendritic cells Macrophages Mast cells

Dendritic cells

QUESTION 22 In Escherichia coli, if σ70 is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme, active transcription of the gene is not occurring. True False

False

QUESTION 49 Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium isolated from pneumonia patients. True False

False

QUESTION 11 During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a ______. vesicle clot cyst Granuloma

Granuloma

QUESTION 27 The class of immunoglobulin transferred from mother to infant during breastfeeding is _________.

IgA

0 points QUESTION 3 Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome for the storage of genetic information. True False

True

QUESTION 29 The major difference between the vacuoles of eukaryotes and the inclusion bodies of bacteria and archaea is that the former are membrane-bound, whereas the latter are not. True False

True

QUESTION 45 Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects of pollution. True False

True

QUESTION 7 Non-toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae could infect the body but would not cause the typical symptoms of diphtheria. True False

True

QUESTION 14 The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? Pathogenicity All of the choices are correct. Infectivity Invasiveness

all of the answer choices are correct

QUESTION 21 Which of the following does(do) not always require the presence of living bacteria? All of the choices are correct. Food poisoning Bacterial diarrhea Intoxications

all of the choices are correct

QUESTION 35 SOS repair _________. requires RecA protein All of the choices are correct. is inducible by DNA damage is error prone, i.e., produces mutations

all of the choices are correct

QUESTION 44 Trachoma is transmitted by _________. All of the choices are correct. contact with inanimate objects flies hand-to-hand contact

all of the choices are correct

QUESTION 47 Treatment of gas gangrene may involve _________. All of the choices are correct. amputation antimicrobialtherapy with a β-lactam and a macrolide wound debridement

all of the choices are correct

QUESTION 8 All of the following are components of the mammalian host immune system EXCEPT ________. phagocytes leukocytes antibodies antigens

antigens

QUESTION 13 The most selective antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because _________. eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs

bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells

QUESTION 16 The Ames test _________. is used to measure the repair of thymine dimers None of the choices are correct. is used to measure levels of oxygen-free radicals can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals

can be used to measure the mutagenicityy of chemicals

QUESTION 28 Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore? Core Exosporium Coat Capsule

capsule

QUESTION 48 A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may __________. contain sterols such as cholesterol consist of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins consist of a lipid bilayer that lacks integral membrane proteins consist of a lipid monolayer

consist of a lipid monolayer

0 points QUESTION 4 Which of the following contributes significantly to the survival of Coxiella burnetti for long periods in the environment? Polysaccharide capsule Endospore-like structure Protective pili Gram-positive cell wall structure

endospore-like structure

QUESTION 34 The fungal diseases that are acquired via the airborne route typically stay localized to the lungs, causing pneumonia. True False

false

QUESTION 23 All of the following would be appropriate for handling routine patient specimens (urines, sputums, wound swabs) for microscopy and culture EXCEPT _________. biological safety cabinet full-body positive pressure suit with air supply appropriate waste decontamination lab coat gloves

full-body positive pressure suit with air supply

QUESTION 42 A woman has been treated three times for trichomoniasis, and each time the symptoms disappear for a couple of weeks and then return.She indicates that she has been in a monogamous relationship and that her partner has experienced no symptoms.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for her repeated infections? Her partner has an asymptomatic infection and keeps reinfecting her. The Trichomonas has become resistant to the antimicrobial that was prescribed. The woman has been misdiagnosed and has a yeast infection, which will need a different antimicrobial. The woman is allergic to the prescribed antimicrobials.

her partner has an asymptomatic infection and keeps reinfecting her

QUESTION 24 Most systemic mycoses are acquired from _________. insect vectors inhaling spores puncture wounds All of the choices are correct.

inhaling spores

QUESTION 40 A new protein has been described that transports a growth factor across the plasma membrane. This protein is most likely a(n) _________. integral membrane protein peripheral membrane protein, facing outward peripheral membrane protein, facing the cytoplasmic side cytoplasmic protein

integral membrane protein

QUESTION 30 The total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called _________. metabolism catabolism None of the choices are correct. anabolism

metabolism

QUESTION 20 A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription. promoter initiator operon operator

promoter

QUESTION 41 The latent form of a bacteriophage genome that exists when a phage establishes lysogeny is called a _________. viroid lysogen prophage prion

prophage

QUESTION 19 The Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways all bring about the reduction of coenzymes (either NAD + or NADP +). The reduced coenzymes __________. are converted into ATP for energy can no longer be oxidized provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions serve as precursor molecules for anabolic reactions

provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions

QUESTION 31 Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? Scarlet fever Scarlatina Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever

rheumatic fever

QUESTION 36 All of the following methods are employed to identify pathogens in clinical specimens EXCEPT _________. special stains and microscopy There are no exceptions here.All of these methods are used to identify pathogens culture on a variety of all-purpose, selective, and/or differential media biochemical tests immunoassays molecular testing for nucleic acids

there are no exceptions here. All of these methods are used to identify pathogens

QUESTION 32 Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids? They are required for host growth and/or reproduction. They may carry genes that enhance survival of the bacterium under certain conditions. They may carry genes for drug resistance. They can replicate independently of the chromosome.

they are required for host and/or reproduction

QUESTION 43 Which is not true of viruses? They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase. They replicate only inside host cells. They are acellular. They can be observed with an electron microscope. They infect animal and plantcells only.

they infect animal and plant cells only

A strain of Vibrio cholerae lacking the cholera toxin gene (ctxAB) would be ________. unable to adhere to the intestinal epithelium All of these choices are correct. unable to survive inside the human digestive tract unable to survive outside of the human gut unable to cause watery "rice-water stool"

unable to cause water "rice-water stool"