quizlet #1
QUESTION 46 Which of the following is the correct order for binary fission? The cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell, and a septum forms at midcell. None of the choices are correct. A septum forms at midcell, the cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell. The cell elongates, a septum forms at midcell, the cellreplicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell.
The cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell, and a septum forms at midcell.
QUESTION 26 One example of infectious disease transmission by a fomite is _______. a teenager with severe acne due to propionibacteria growing in sebaceous glands None of the choices are correct. a baby born with congenital syphilis from an infected mother a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that harbored rhinovirus
a child developing a cold after playing with a toy that hardboard rhinovirus
0 points QUESTION 2 Under normal circumstances, the microbiota of the skin is kept in check by _________. phagocytic activity excessive moisture a pH above 8 a slightly acidic pH
a slightly acidic pH
QUESTION 50 In the synthesis of amino acids, the addition of the amino nitrogen usually occurs __________ the synthesis of the carbon skeletons. before during after
after
QUESTION 15 The human microbiome ________. evolves with humans over time is unrelated to an individual's lifestyle or gender is the same for each person remains unchanged throughout a lifetime
evolves with humans over time
QUESTION 38 The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is _________. respiratory secretions fomites body contact food and water
food and water
QUESTION 33 Probiotics are __________. compounds added to the diet to enhance the colonization and positive health benefits of the microbiome foods or supplements that include both a substance that enhances colonization and live microorganisms live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host FDA-approved supplements to promote the colonization of live microorganisms and simultaneously prevent the growth of pathogens
live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host
QUESTION 10 In mutualism _________. the mutualist is dependent on the host All of the choices are correct. a reciprocal benefit accrues to both partners the partners will not survive separately in many cases
All answer choices are correct
QUESTION 12 Macrophages ________. are derived from monocytes All of the choices are correct. have receptors for compounds released by the immune system that coat microorganisms and enhance phagocytosis spread throughout the body of animals and take up residence in specific tissues
All of the answer choices are correct
QUESTION 39 Which of the following is (are) used by microorganisms to become resistant to a particular drug? An alternate metabolic pathway that bypasses the drug-sensitive step All of the choices are correct. Exclusion of the drug from the cell Enzymatic inactivation of the drug
All of the choices aer correct
QUESTION 17 Prevention and control of rabies includes _________. pre-exposure vaccination of dogs and cats All of the choices are correct. post-exposure vaccination of humans pre-exposure vaccination of humans at high risk
All of the choices are correct
QUESTION 18 Which of the following is a useful mechanism of action for an antibacterial drug? Interference with RNA and DNA synthesis Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Inhibition of protein synthesis
All of the choices are correct.
QUESTION 9 The endosymbionts of ruminant animals are useful to their hosts in which of the following ways? All of the choices are correct. They digest the cellulose of plant cell walls. They produce most of the vitamins needed by the ruminant. They convert glucose to organic acids.
All the choices are correct
0 points QUESTION 5 The disease anthrax is caused by a species belonging to which genus? Ehrlichia Bacillus Kingella Vibrio
Bacillus
QUESTION 37 The pathogen most frequently involved in causing clostridial myonecrosis is _________. Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringens Streptococcus pyogenes Clostridium septicum
Clostridium perfringens
QUESTION 25 Dried pigeon droppings are a potential source of infection with ________. Malassezia furfur Coccidioides immitis Cryptococcus neoformans Blastomyces dermatitidis
Cryptococcus neoformans
QUESTION 6 Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes? None of the choices are correct. Dendritic cells Macrophages Mast cells
Dendritic cells
QUESTION 22 In Escherichia coli, if σ70 is not bound to RNA polymerase core enzyme, active transcription of the gene is not occurring. True False
False
QUESTION 49 Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium isolated from pneumonia patients. True False
False
QUESTION 11 During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a ______. vesicle clot cyst Granuloma
Granuloma
QUESTION 27 The class of immunoglobulin transferred from mother to infant during breastfeeding is _________.
IgA
0 points QUESTION 3 Eukaryotes usually have more than one chromosome for the storage of genetic information. True False
True
QUESTION 29 The major difference between the vacuoles of eukaryotes and the inclusion bodies of bacteria and archaea is that the former are membrane-bound, whereas the latter are not. True False
True
QUESTION 45 Some microorganisms are useful in bioremediation processes that reduce the effects of pollution. True False
True
QUESTION 7 Non-toxin-producing strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae could infect the body but would not cause the typical symptoms of diphtheria. True False
True
QUESTION 14 The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? Pathogenicity All of the choices are correct. Infectivity Invasiveness
all of the answer choices are correct
QUESTION 21 Which of the following does(do) not always require the presence of living bacteria? All of the choices are correct. Food poisoning Bacterial diarrhea Intoxications
all of the choices are correct
QUESTION 35 SOS repair _________. requires RecA protein All of the choices are correct. is inducible by DNA damage is error prone, i.e., produces mutations
all of the choices are correct
QUESTION 44 Trachoma is transmitted by _________. All of the choices are correct. contact with inanimate objects flies hand-to-hand contact
all of the choices are correct
QUESTION 47 Treatment of gas gangrene may involve _________. All of the choices are correct. amputation antimicrobialtherapy with a β-lactam and a macrolide wound debridement
all of the choices are correct
QUESTION 8 All of the following are components of the mammalian host immune system EXCEPT ________. phagocytes leukocytes antibodies antigens
antigens
QUESTION 13 The most selective antibacterial agents are those that interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is because _________. eukaryotic cells inactivate the drugs before they can do any damage bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells eukaryotic cells do not take up the drugs bacterial cell wall synthesis is easily inhibited whereas eukaryotic cell wall synthesis is more resistant to the actions of the drugs
bacterial cell walls have a unique structure not found in eukaryotic host cells
QUESTION 16 The Ames test _________. is used to measure the repair of thymine dimers None of the choices are correct. is used to measure levels of oxygen-free radicals can be used to measure the mutagenicity of chemicals
can be used to measure the mutagenicityy of chemicals
QUESTION 28 Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore? Core Exosporium Coat Capsule
capsule
QUESTION 48 A feature unique to some archaeal plasma membranes is that they may __________. contain sterols such as cholesterol consist of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins consist of a lipid bilayer that lacks integral membrane proteins consist of a lipid monolayer
consist of a lipid monolayer
0 points QUESTION 4 Which of the following contributes significantly to the survival of Coxiella burnetti for long periods in the environment? Polysaccharide capsule Endospore-like structure Protective pili Gram-positive cell wall structure
endospore-like structure
QUESTION 34 The fungal diseases that are acquired via the airborne route typically stay localized to the lungs, causing pneumonia. True False
false
QUESTION 23 All of the following would be appropriate for handling routine patient specimens (urines, sputums, wound swabs) for microscopy and culture EXCEPT _________. biological safety cabinet full-body positive pressure suit with air supply appropriate waste decontamination lab coat gloves
full-body positive pressure suit with air supply
QUESTION 42 A woman has been treated three times for trichomoniasis, and each time the symptoms disappear for a couple of weeks and then return.She indicates that she has been in a monogamous relationship and that her partner has experienced no symptoms.Which of the following is the most likely explanation for her repeated infections? Her partner has an asymptomatic infection and keeps reinfecting her. The Trichomonas has become resistant to the antimicrobial that was prescribed. The woman has been misdiagnosed and has a yeast infection, which will need a different antimicrobial. The woman is allergic to the prescribed antimicrobials.
her partner has an asymptomatic infection and keeps reinfecting her
QUESTION 24 Most systemic mycoses are acquired from _________. insect vectors inhaling spores puncture wounds All of the choices are correct.
inhaling spores
QUESTION 40 A new protein has been described that transports a growth factor across the plasma membrane. This protein is most likely a(n) _________. integral membrane protein peripheral membrane protein, facing outward peripheral membrane protein, facing the cytoplasmic side cytoplasmic protein
integral membrane protein
QUESTION 30 The total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called _________. metabolism catabolism None of the choices are correct. anabolism
metabolism
QUESTION 20 A bacterial __________ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription. promoter initiator operon operator
promoter
QUESTION 41 The latent form of a bacteriophage genome that exists when a phage establishes lysogeny is called a _________. viroid lysogen prophage prion
prophage
QUESTION 19 The Embden-Meyerhof, Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways all bring about the reduction of coenzymes (either NAD + or NADP +). The reduced coenzymes __________. are converted into ATP for energy can no longer be oxidized provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions serve as precursor molecules for anabolic reactions
provide reducing power to fuel subsequent reactions
QUESTION 31 Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? Scarlet fever Scarlatina Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
rheumatic fever
QUESTION 36 All of the following methods are employed to identify pathogens in clinical specimens EXCEPT _________. special stains and microscopy There are no exceptions here.All of these methods are used to identify pathogens culture on a variety of all-purpose, selective, and/or differential media biochemical tests immunoassays molecular testing for nucleic acids
there are no exceptions here. All of these methods are used to identify pathogens
QUESTION 32 Which of the following is not true of bacterial plasmids? They are required for host growth and/or reproduction. They may carry genes that enhance survival of the bacterium under certain conditions. They may carry genes for drug resistance. They can replicate independently of the chromosome.
they are required for host and/or reproduction
QUESTION 43 Which is not true of viruses? They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase. They replicate only inside host cells. They are acellular. They can be observed with an electron microscope. They infect animal and plantcells only.
they infect animal and plant cells only
A strain of Vibrio cholerae lacking the cholera toxin gene (ctxAB) would be ________. unable to adhere to the intestinal epithelium All of these choices are correct. unable to survive inside the human digestive tract unable to survive outside of the human gut unable to cause watery "rice-water stool"
unable to cause water "rice-water stool"