Quizzes
Which of the following muscles are agonists of forearm pronation from a starting position of 45 degrees pronation?
pronator quadratus and pronator teres
Regarding active range of motion for the cervical region, which of the following is the most abnormal finding (different from expected range of motion values)?
Cervical Left side-bending of 25 degrees
Consider the case of an individual with bilateral anomalous cervical ribs (C7); compared to an individual with normal morphology in this region, would you expect the individual with cervical ribs to have more or less range of motion at the C7/T1 motion segment?
Less motion
Which of the following muscles are Antagonists of Scapular Depression:
Levator scapula, Rhomboids (major and minor), Upper Trapezius
An injury to the joints between the metatarsals and the tarsal bones may be described as a ___________ injury.
Lisfranc (Tarsometatarsal)
Which of the following muscles causes flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint (Occiput-C1 articulation)?
Longus capitis
The term "deep cervical flexors" refers to which of the following muscles:
Longus capitus and longus coli
Nutation of the sacrum is coupled with:
Lumbar extension
Within the first row of carpal bones (proximal row), which carpal bone lies immediately medial (toward ulnar aspect of upper extremity) to the scaphoid?
Lunate
Which of the following is an agonist of shoulder (glenohumeral) abduction:
Middle (acromial) deltoid
The tibiofemoral joint is classified as a ______________ -type synovial joint.
Modified Hinge
As a person gets more experience lifting weights, they will be able to recruit more motor units than they did when they began, which is called:
Motor unit synchronization
According to the force-velocity relationship:
Muscles produce the most force at slow velocity
The ____________ may be described as the "keystone" tarsal bone of the medial longitudinal arch.
Navicular
Select the description of the anticipated osteokinematic motion given the following muscle contraction: Isometric Erector Spinae (bilaterally)
No movement; stabilization of lumbar lordosis
Identify a muscle that contracts concentrically to create acetabuofemoral flexion (as well as other actions) and has superior attachment to the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Sartorius
Concentric contraction of the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor causes all of the following osteokinematic actions except:
Scapular Retraction
An athlete performs the lowering phase of an exercise called the Nordic Hamstring Curl: It is performed in tall kneeling. A partner securely holds down the athlete's lower legs. The athlete leans forward at the knees, eccentrically controlling movement into tibiofemoral extension. The osteokinematic motion is bilateral femur-on-tibia knee extension. Which of the following muscles contract eccentrically during the lowering phase of the Nordic Curl described above?
Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Both heads of Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius, popliteus, plantaris, sartorius
Which of the following muscles has an attachment at the costal surface of the scapula?
Serratus Anterior
Which type of bone is imbedded in a tendon?
Sesamoid bone
A Long Thoracic Nerve injury may result in one or more of the following, except:
Significant deltoid region atrophy
Identify a muscle or muscle that contracts concentrically to extend joint(s) within the cervical spine.
Splenius cervicis
The ________ part of the diaphragm attaches to the zyphoid process.
Sternal
Select the best answer regarding the attachments of the External Oblique (hint: consider fiber direction).
Superior attachments at ribs 5-12; inferior attachments at the Linea alba and anterior iliac crest
Which of the following muscles are innervated by the same peripheral nerve?
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus
Select the best explanation of why a muscle's action may change when the acetabulofemoral joint is brought away from anatomical neutral position.
The orientation of the muscle's line of pull changes in relation to the axis of rotation
All of the following statements are correct regarding the cervical region, except:
There are 7 cervical nerve roots
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?
Thermogenesis
Select the description of the anticipated osteokinematic motion given the following muscle contraction: Concentric Right thoracic erector spinae muscles.
Thoracic Extension and Right sidebending
Bilateral concentric muscle action of the upper trapezius (descending fibers) causes all of the following except:
Thoracic Flexion
All of the following osteokinematic motions occur in the same plane of motion, except:
Thumb carpometacarpal Joint (CMC 1) flexion
Identify the primary extrinsic muscles that provide support to the medial longitudinal arch.
Tibialis Posterior, Tibialis Anterior, Flexor Hallucis Longus
All of the following muscles concentrically contract to perform talocrural dorsiflexion, except:
Tibialis posterior
Identify the muscles of the scapular upward rotation force couple (Scapulothoracic Joint upward rotation agonists).
Trapezius (upper fibers), Serratus Anterior, Trapezius (lower fibers)
A motor unit is a single motor neuron and the individual muscle fibers controlled by it.
True
The biceps brachii causes elbow flexion. Therefore, it is an antagonist in elbow extension.
True
The diaphragm contracts eccentrically during subconscious (non-intention) exhalation.
True
Within a parallel (fusiform) muscle, anatomical cross sectional area and physiological cross sectional area are the same.
True
When the rotator cuff muscles serve to prevent or minimize undesirable glenohumeral joint motion or dislocation, the rotator cuff muscles are acting as:
True Synergists
Research indicates that during resisted concentric glenohumeral extension, the anterior cuff (subscapularis) is active. In this example, the subscapularis is acting as a ____________.
True synergist
Abdominal muscles are active to prevent undesirable anterior pelvic tilt during and/or immediately prior to concentric hip flexor muscle contraction. In this example, the abdominal muscles are acting as:
True synergists
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause contralateral rotation of the cervical spine?
Upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid
Identify the force couple (muscles that are agonists of the movement) of scapular upward rotation.
Upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior
Deep fibular nerve injury may result in which of the following?
Weakness of the long and short toe extensor muscles and tibialis anterior weakness ("foot drop")
In myology (the study of muscle), the term "eccentric" refers to which of the following?
a lenghtening muscle contraction
Identify the muscles of forced expiration (labored or active expiration).
abdominals and internal intercostals
Based on joint coupling patterns, subtalar inversion motion is expected to be accompanied by which of the following motions?
adduction and plantarflexion
During the first 90 degrees of abduction of the glenohumeral joint, the supraspinatus is the prime-mover. The acromial deltoid demonstrates increasing activity during the second half of glenohumeral abduction. In this scenario, supraspinatus is considered a(n) ____________ of the first 90 degrees of abduction.
agonist
The most comprehensive description of the actions of the medial hamstrings (semimembranosus and semitendinosus) must include which of the following:
all of the above
The __________ aspect of the intervertebral disc experiences increased compression during lumbar flexion.
anterior
Thumb abduction occurs in a plane that is best described as ___________________ .
approximately parallel to the plane of the thumbnail in anatomical position
Thumb abduction occurs in a plane ___________________ .
approximately parallel to the plane of the thumbnail in anatomical position.
All of the following muscles cross the acetabulofemoral joint, except:
biceps femoris short head
Identify the primary muscles and accessory muscles of inspiration. Hint: accessory muscles may be used for labored or forced breathing.
diaphragm, external intercostals, Scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior), Sternocleidomastoid
The Elbow Complex is made up of all of the following joints, except:
distal radioulnar joint
Opposition, a transverse plane movement, at carpometacarpal joint 1 (CMC 1) requires which of the following to occur at the saddle-type joint?
distraction
___________ describes a joint movement that separates joint surfaces.
distraction
Identify the sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane components of subtalar pronation.
dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
During the stand-to-sit movement, the quadriceps femoris muscles act ___________ to control descent into knee flexion
eccentrically
At the tibiofemoral joint, the soleus contributes to ______________ when the foot is weight - bearing on the ground.
extension
All of the following muscles contract concentrically to produce wrist flexion, except:
extensor carpi radialis longus
Innervation of the anterior thigh muscles (Quadriceps femoris group and Sartorius) is provided by which of the following peripheral nerves?
femoral nerve
All of the following muscles are hand intrinsic muscles, except:
flexor pollicis longus
The measurement of inversion and eversion range of motion of the calcaneus directly assesses motion in which cardinal plane?
frontal
Glenohumeral abduction occurs in the ____________ plane about a ___________ axis of rotation.
frontal; anterior to posterior
Identify the osteokinematic position of the talocrural joint that would stretch the tibialis anterior muscle.
full plantarflexion
_______________ muscles have zero pennation angle, meaning their fibers run parallel to the muscle's line of pull.
fusiform
Lowering a weight in the frontal plane requires eccentric supraspinatus contraction. This activity corresponds with which of the following osteokinematic movements?
glenohumeral adduction
The scapulae are downwardly rotated by concentric contraction of which of the following groups of muscles:
levator scapula, Rhomboids Major and Minor, Pectoralis Minor
The term "deep cervical flexors" refers to which of the following muscles:
longus capitus and longus coli
Shoulder flexion and extension occur about a ____________ axis.
medial - to - lateral
Cervical spine motion segment flexion occurs about a ________ axis of rotation.
medial to lateral
Finger adduction and abduction occurs at the _______ joint.
metacarpal phalangeal (MCP)
_____________ includes an alpha motor neuron and all muscle fibers (cells) associated with it.
motor unit
Identify the term that refers to "the study of boney anatomy."
osteology
"When a muscle is stretched across multiple joints, passive tension in the muscle prevents expression of full range of motion at all joints simultaneously." This statement is most closely related to which of the following phenomena?
passive insufficiency
The medial and lateral articular facets of the patella articulate with the _________ of the femur.
patellar surface or patellar groove
During bathing, an individual reaches his right arm across the anterior side of his body to reach the contralateral scapular region. During this maneuver, the glenohumeral joint is brought into horizontal adduction and is internally rotated. Identify the muscles that contract concentrically to produce the described shoulder action.
pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, subscapularis
Muscles with _______________ fiber orientation are able to generate more force (pull) per unit of anatomical cross-sectional area.
pennate
All of the following muscles have distal attachments at the pes anserinus, except:
popliteus
Reversing the 'screw home' mechanism of the knee requires concentric contraction of which of the following muscles?
popliteus
Identify the muscle(s) that contract concentrically to produce glenohumeral external rotation.
posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor
A golfer bends forward to retrieve his ball. As she bends forward, muscles control the flexion of her trunk. Select the most appropriate muscle(s) and contraction type for the described activity.
spinal errector spinae group; eccentric
All of the following attach at the greater tubercle of the humerus, except:
subscapularis
All of the following muscles attach to the greater tubercle of the humerus, except:
subscapularis
Which of the following is an antagonist to glenohumeral external rotation?
subscapularis
Which of the following muscles compose the rotator cuff of the shoulder?
subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus
Identify the peripheral innervation of fibularis longus and fibularis brevis.
superfical fibular nerve
The _________ joint is composed of the articulation between the trochlea of the talus and the ______, which is formed by the distal tibial and fibula.
talocrural, mortise
All of the following contract concentrically to produce acetabulofemoral external rotation (from neutral), except:
tensor fascia latae
All of the following muscles contract concentrically to produce flexion at the glenohumeral joint, except:
teres major
Due to the ___________________, concentric contraction of lumbricals, palmar interossei, and dorsal interossei cause metacarpophalangeal (MCP) flexion, proximal interphalangeal (PIP) extension, and distal interphalangeal (DIP) extension.
Extensor Mechanism
All of the following muscles have proximal attachments at the lateral epicondyle, except:
Extensor carpi radialis longus
What is the appropriate name for a long muscle that causes the toes to extend?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles are agonists of thumb extension at the MCP joint?
Extensor pollicis longus and brevis
Muscles with a pennate fiber arrangement contract faster than muscles with a parallel fiber arrangement.
False
The 'bucket handle' movement describes the increase in thoracic cavity volume that accompanies expiration.
False
The diaphragm eccentrically contracts during quiet breathing
False
The femur is part of the axial skeleton.
False
The sternocleidomastoid has an origin on both the clavicle and the acromion process.
False
True or False: The "screw home mechanism" of the knee requires concentric contraction of biceps femoris (long and short heads).
False
Wave summation involves recruiting more motor units to help produce a large amount of force.
False
The distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is an example of a:
Fibrous joint
All of the following muscles contract concentrically to contribute to subtalar inversion (and ultimately coupled supination), except:
Fibularis brevis
Name an antagonist of distal interphalangeal extension.
Flexor digitorum profundus
A mountaineer must perform combined flexion and ulnar-deviation of her wrist to pull herself up a rope. Which of the following muscles are agonists of this combined movement?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris
"As velocity of movement increases, fewer actin -myosin cross bridges are engaged." This statement is most directly related to which of the following phenomena?
Force-velocity relationship (curve)
Identify the best (most comprehensive) stretch for the anterior (clavicular) head of the deltoid:
Glenohumeral extension, external rotation, and abduction
All of the following are hinge joints, except:
Humeroradial joint
The superior attachment of the sternocleidomastoid is the _____________ .
Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
The line of pull of an extensor muscle of the acetabulofemoral joint passes Posterior to the acetabulofemoral joint's __________________ axis of rotation.
Medial - to - Lateral
The primary restraint to valgus knee forces and movements at neutral (zero degrees) of flexion/extension is the ______.
Medial collateral ligament
Which of these muscles are agonists in scapular retraction?
Trapezius (middle fibers), Rhomboids Major and Minor
Identify the term that refers to "the study of joints."
arthology
The diaphragm is innervated by which of the following cervical nerve roots?
C3, C4, C5
A weight-bearing position of (closed kinetic chain) subtalar pronation will present as which of the following:
Calcaneal eversion, medial rotation and prominance of talus and appearance of a wide, flattened medial longitudinal arch
The pubic symphysis is an example of a:
Cartilaginous joint
A/n ______________ contraction is where the muscle lengthens as it contracts
Eccentric
An individual lies supine with shoulder at his side, elbow in extension, and forearm in full supination. The brachioradialis muscle contracts concentrically in isolation. Describe the best description of the anticipated change in elbow and forearm positions.
Elbow flexion, forearm pronates to semi-pronated (neutral position)
An individual performs a curl up (sit up). Which of the following muscles or muscle groups are antagonists to this movement?
Erector Spinae
Unilateral contraction of all of the following muscles produce contralateral rotation, except:
Erector Spinae
Which of the following joints can allow movement in more than one plane?
Saddle joint
Cervical facet joints primarily limit motion in which plane?
Sagittal plane
Which of the following is an angular measurement of movement?
degrees
Bilateral concentric contraction of the upper trapezius (descending fibers) can cause (or contribute to) all of the following, except:
thoracic flexion
The biceps femoris long head and biceps femoris short head are innervated by which of the following peripheral nerves?
tibial nerve and common fibular nerve, respectively
When the rotator cuff muscles serve to prevent or minimize undesirable glenohumeral joint motion or dislocation, the rotator cuff muscles are acting as:
true synergists
The tibiofemoral joint has ____ degrees of freedom.
2
The cervical spine consists of 1)___________ vertebrae; the thoracic spine consists of 2)____________ vertebrae; the lumbar spine consists of 3)___________ vertebrae.
1) 7; 2) 12; 3) 5
Due to their attachments to the extensor expansions of the lesser toes, the lumbricals, dorsal interossei, and plantar interossei cause metatarsalphalangeal joint 1) ___________, proximal interphalangeal joint 2) _____________, and distal interphalangeal joint 3)___________.
1) Flexion; 2) Extension; 3) Extension
Glenohumeral abduction is coupled with scapular upward rotation at a typical ratio of:
2 degrees abduction for every 1 degree upward rotation
In contrast to the hand (where the midline for abduction and adduction is denoted by the 3rd digit), the midline of the foot is denoted by the _______ digit.
2nd
Identify the muscle that contracts concentrically to abduct the 1st phalanx of the foot (hallux).
Abductor Hallucis
The sartorius contracts concentrically to create which of the following actions at the tibiofemoral joint?
All of the above
Weakness of the extensors of the tibiofemoral joint may manifest as which of the following?
All of the above
Which of the following muscles produce horizontal adduction of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)?
All of the above
Identify a proximal attachment site of the rectus femoris.
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Muscles attach to bone via which of the following?
Aponeuroses, Tendons, Fascia ("fascial investments")
According to the length-tension relationship, muscles generate the most force:
At optimal length
Which of the following is an expected finding of a longstanding Radial Nerve Injury?
Atrophy (muscle wasting) of the lateral epicondyle region and posterior arm
A person suffers a peripheral nerve injury to the proximal musculocutaneous nerve. Which of the following activities will be most difficult for this individual to perform using the involved upper extremity?
Barbell cursl (forearm supinated)
Select the best description of the action of transversus abdominis (TVA) as an accessory muscle of respiration.
Compresses the abdominal cavity during expiration, which assists in recoil of diaphragm
The wrist (radiocarpal) joint is a __________ synovial joint.
Condyloid
An individual reports a long-standing injury to the Axillary Nerve. Where do you expect to see weakness and atrophy?
Deltoid / deltoid region
Select the best answer regarding the action of the Internal Intercostal muscles.
Depresses superior rib with exhalation
The Elbow Complex is made up of all of the following joints, except:
Distal radioulnar joint
Based on the lecture material related to direction-specific biases of rotator cuff activity, during which of the following activities would you expect the highest excitation of subscapularis relative to the other rotator cuff muscles?
Dumbbell row
Due to regional joint coupling, excessive anterior pelvic tilt typically results in which of the following?
Increased lumbar lordosis / lumbar extension
The proximal attachment of the Rhomboid major are __________ to the proximal attachment of the Rhomboid minor.
Inferior
Select the best answer regarding the attachments of the Rectus Abdominis.
Inferior attachments at public bone and public symphysis; superior attachments at ribs 5-7 and zyphoid process
Which of the following muscles is expected to display significantly greater activity during external rotation than during internal rotation:
Infraspinatus
An individual wishes to increase intraabdominal pressure to stabilize her/his trunk for heavy lifting. The which of the following muscles is least helpful in this maneuver?
Internal intercostals
Single leg standing with a level pelvis (meaning that anterior superior iliac spines are aligned in frontal plane; no pelvic drop or hike) requires significant activity of which of the following muscles:
Ipsilateral acetabulofemoral abductor muscles
The Unhappy Triad of ligament and meniscus injury includes injury to all of the following structures, except:
LCL
The line of pull of an abductor muscle of the acetabulofemoral joint passes _________ to the acetabulofemoral joint's Anterior -to- Posterior axis of rotation.
Lateral
Name two muscles that produce extension, adduction, and medial rotation at the glenohumeral joint:
Latissimus dorsi and Teres major
The right quadratus lumborum muscle concentrically contracts (unilateral). All of the following statements are accurate except:
Left lumbar side bending will be caused.
Left (unilateral) lumbar erector spinae concentric contraction causes:
Left lumbar side-bending
"Deviation away from a muscle's optimal length results in decreased force-generating capacity." This statement refers directly to the _________________________
Length-tension relationship (curve)
An individual presents with a significant downwardly rotated scapula position. Muscular tightness (limited extensibility) is a contributing factor. Which of the following muscles are most likely to be tight?
Pectoralis minor and Rhomboids (minor and major)
Name the muscle with attachments at the spine of the scapula and the deltoid tuberosity.
Posterior (spinal) deltoid
The origin of the posterior scalene is the _____________.
Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of C5 - C7
Identify the best description of the proximal attachments of the popliteus muscle.
Posterior-lateral aspect of the distal femur and the lateral meniscus
Identify the major general function(s) of muscles.
Produce and control movement, Maintain posture, Circulate fluids, Thermogenesis, Protection
Identify the muscle that has attachment to the Flexor Digitorum Longus tendons and directly augments (assists) MTP, PIP, and DIP flexion.
Quadratus Plantae
Name an antagonist of anterior pelvic tilt.
Rectus abdominis
Which of the following muscles is an agonist for Right Lumbar Side-bending.
Right Erector Spinae
Which of the following muscles contracts concentrically to produce Right trunk side-bending?
Right Quadratus Lumborum
Select the description of the anticipated osteokinematic motion given the following muscle contraction: Concentric Right Quadratus lumborum
Right lumbar sidebending or Right hip hike
Which of these actions occurs in the transverse plane?
Right trunk rotation
Identify the correct order of joints, proximal- to-distal, of the human lower leg / foot:
Talocrural, Subtalar, Transverse Tarsal, Tarsometatarsal, Metatarsal Phalangeal
Identify the articulations that compose the transverse tarsal joint.
Talonavicular and Calcaneocuboid Joints
The sternocleidomastoid has inferior attachments at:
The manubrium of the sternum and the medial third of the clavicle
Iliacus, Psoas Major, and Psoas Minor are stronger (capable of more torque production at the acetabulofemoral joint) at 90 degrees of hip flexion than at zero degrees / neutral. What is the major reason for this difference in strength?
The muscles have improved leverage / moment arms in flexion relative to neutral
Upper cervical flexion combined with mid- and low- cervical extension is termed ________________.
cervical retraction
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is best described as a:
combination syonvial and fibrocartilage joint
The muscle belly of the vastus intermedius lies ______ to the muscle belly of the rectus femoris.
deep
The 'band pull-apart' exercise (resisted horizontal abduction) effectively trains (exercises) which of the following muscles?
infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior (spinal) deltoid
The 'band pull-apart' exercise (resisted horizontal abduction) effectively trains which of the following muscles?
infraspinatus, teres minor, posterior (spinal) deltoid
The functional joint between the talus and the calcaneus is called:
the subtalar joint
