Quizzes 6-11 CPSY 4311 Exam 2

In addition to intellectual difficulties, children with fetal alcohol syndrome often have difficulties that resemble: autism ADHD oppositional defiant disorder schizophrenia

ADHD

Systematic desensitization is a technique that is likely to be used by a therapist using a _____ approach. cognitive psychodynamic family systems behavioral

Behavioral

___________ validity refers to the degree of correlation between measures that are not expected to be related to one another. Convergent Construct Criterion Discriminant

Discriminant

Phenylketoneuria (PKU) is a ( n ) ____________ that can cause mental retardation if untreated. genetic mutation environmental toxin inborn error of metabolism infection

Inborn error of metabolism

__________ rates refer to new cases of a disorder over a certain time period. Comorbidity Comortality Incidence Prevalence

Incidence

The final responsibility for ethical integrity of a research project is with: the parents the ethics board the government the investigator

The investigator

A limitation of psychophysiological measures is: susceptibility to deception by the child poor convergent validity uncertainty in how to make inferences about the results all of the above

Uncertainty in how to make inferences about the results

Which of the following statements about case studies is FALSE? involve intensive observation and analysis of an individual child use controlled methods without biases are rich in detail and provide valuable insights usually study rare childhood disorders

Use controlled methods without biases

Minimum ethical standards for practice include: making sure that treatment goals and procedures are in the best interest of the child making sure client participation is active and voluntary making sure that confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship is maintained all of the above

All of the above

___________ research focuses on a specific research question under conditions that only resemble or approximate the situation to which the researcher wishes to generalize. Cohort Retrospective Circumscribed Analogue

Analogue

Generally, the emotional and behavioral problems of children with intellectual disabilities: constitute major psychiatric disorders are considered part of the spectrum of problems coexisting with intellectual disabilities often are not severe enough to require intervention have prevalence rates comparable to those of the general population

Are considered part of the spectrum of problems coexisting with intellectual disabilities

__________ means that the child shows some form of agreement to participate in research without necessarily understanding the full significance of the research. Uninformed consent Partial consent Assent Voluntary participation

Assent

Intervention does NOT include: Maintenance Assimilation Prevention Treatment

Assimiliation

Jeremy cannot remember a phone number without jotting it down. He demonstrates a deficit in: impulsivity sustained attention selective attention attentional capacity

Attentional capacity

_____________ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of external circumstances imposed on the child and disrupt his capacity for personal growth and adaptive functioning. Psychodynamic Client-centered Cognitive-behavioral Family

Client-centered

_____________ approaches to treatment view child psychopathology as the result of faulty thought patterns and faulty learning and environmental experiences. Behavioral Psychodynamic Cognitive-behavioral Client-centered

Cognitive-behavioral

A researcher follows up the generation born in the 1980s for 30 years to better understand the process of development and the effects of the internet on young people. What is a potential problem with his research design? Cohort effects Harmful procedures Lack of reliability Lack of internal validity

Cohort effects

___________ validity refers to the degree of correlation between measures that are expected to be related to one another. Convergent Construct Face Discriminant

Convergent

A researcher finds that parental depression and child externalizing behavior are correlated, when they are both measured at the same time. However, he cannot claim that parental depression comes first and causes the child to display externalizing behaviors. These variables are therefore said to be: predictive moderating correlated risk factors

Correlated

In ____________ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time. analogue within group cross-sectional between group

Cross-sectional

Which is TRUE regarding ADHD and culture? ADHD has been found to occur more in higher SES groups than lower ones ADHD has been identified in only one or two countries around the world in which it has been studied Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect cultural norms ADHD presents pretty similarly in each country

Differences in the prevalence of ADHD across cultures may reflect cultural norms

More than 70% of practicing clinicians identify their therapeutic approach as ________. Behavioral Cognitive Humanistic Eclectic

Eclectic

Treatment ____________ refers to whether or not a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled conditions. efficacy effectiveness reliability validity

Efficacy

When mainstreamed into a regular classroom, children with intellectual disabilities: are accepted readily by other children are targeted and abused by other children are often aggressive toward other children end up being socially isolated because other children do not play with them

End up being socially isolated because other children do not play with them

Maturation would be a threat to ________________ in a study in which the goal is to examine the effects of a 6-month long intervention in toddlers. external validity internal validity convergent validity convergent validity

Internal validity

In an A-B-A-B design, the "B" stands for: intervention baseline behavior observation

Intervention

Aging effects and cohort effects are some of the potential disadvantages of __________ research designs. longitudinal cross-sectional experimental between group

Longitudinal

In ____________ research, the same individuals are studied over time at different ages/stages of development. cross-sectional longitudinal between groups analogue

Longitudinal

___________ refers to efforts to increase adherence with treatment over time to prevent relapse or reoccurrence of a problem.. Maintenance Prevention Treatment Intervention

Maintenance

The ________ category of intellectual disability has an overrepresentation of minority groups. mild moderate severe profound

Mild

The relationship between academic underachievement and later substance use is stronger for boys than for girls. What kind of variable is gender in this example? a correlate a mediator variable a sleeper effect a moderator variable

Moderator variable

Which of the following statements regarding the adjustment of families of children with intellectual disabilities is FALSE? Most parents of children with mental retardation come to see their child as a positive contributor to their family and quality of life. Families of children with mental retardation experience higher-than-average levels of stress. Parents of children with mental retardation experience higher-than-average depressive symptoms. Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are often concerned about not feeling close to the child.

Mothers of children with intellectual disabilities are often concerned about not feeling close to the child.

Research procedures that may harm a child physically or psychologically should be used: only when necessary when a parent gives consent never when the researcher is very careful

Never

Which of the following causes of intellectual disabilities is associated with an involuntary urge to eat? Down syndrome Fragile-X syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Angelman syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome

__________ rates refer to all cases of a disorder, whether new or previously existing, that are observed during a specified time period. Comorbidity Comortality Incidence Prevalence

Prevalencde

Minimum ethical standards for practice include: selecting procedures that are in the best interest of the parent making sure involuntary client participation occurs protecting the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship ensuring parent participation

Protecting the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship

Another researcher finds that early intervention programs (such as Head Start) are associated with a lower probability of onset of substance abuse in adolescence. Early intervention would be an example of ________: a causal factor risk factor epidemiological factor protective factor

Protective factor

Qualitative research ________. provides a numerical approach to understanding research provides an intensive and intimate understanding of a situation uses normed assessment tools uses statistical analysis

Provides an intensive and intimate understanding of a situation

________________ increases the chance that characteristics other than the independent variable will be equally distributed across treatment groups. Predetermined distribution Equal distribution Natural assignment Random assignment

Random assignment

IQ scores among individuals WITHOUT intellectual disability are ________ stable throughout the life span stable only after age 12 relatively stable with the exception of infancy not at all stable

Relatively stable with the exception of infancy

Emily's mother was asked to complete a behavior checklist on two separate occasions several weeks apart. The results yielded from both occasions were very similar. The behavior checklist can be said to be: reliable valid standardized effective

Reliable

Recall bias and distortion are potential limitations of ___________ studies. analogue case retrospective cohort

Retrospective

Individuals with mild mental retardation can usually acquire academic skills up to approximately the _______ grade level. second sixth tenth twelfth

Sixth

Which of the following is an additional criterion for a diagnosis of ADHD, besides the symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention? Symptoms must appear prior to age 7 Symptoms must be present for at least one year Symptoms must occur in at least one setting Symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance

Symptoms must produce significant impairments in the child's social or academic performance

According to _____, a Hispanic boy can benefit more from treatment if the therapist is also Hispanic. Family therapy approaches Psychodynamic approaches The cultural compatibility hypothesis Client-centered treatment

The cultural compatibility hypothesis

Which of the following is a key purpose of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) To mainstream children with disabilities To protect the rights of children with disabilities To reduce family dysfunction of children with disabilities All of the above

To protect the rights of children with disabilities

Which of the following medications would best be used for a child suffering from a severe anxiety disorder? Concerta Elavil Xanax Zyprexa

Xanax

Which of the following is NOT associated with fetal alcohol syndrome? a. central nervous system dysfunction b. abnormalities in facial features c. growth retardation below the 10th percentile d. all of these are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

all of these are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

Stimulant medications work by: paradoxically slowing kids down changing neurotransmitter activity in the frontostriatal region of the brain enhancing mood, which in turn enhances self-esteem and behavioral control "convincing" parents and teachers that the medications are working, even when they're not (placebo effect)

changing neurotransmitter activity in the frontostriatal region of the brain

Children with ADHD tend to have a variety of comorbid psychological disorders. Which of the following disorder(s) are most common in children with ADHD? anxiety and depression oppositional defiant disorder and depression tic disorder conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder

Questions about the nature and distribution of childhood disorders are frequently addressed through: epidemiological research regression analysis correlation studies efficacy studies

epidemiological research

Neurobiological research on the causes of ADHD has shown the most consistent support for the implication of the: limbic system hippocampus reticular activating system frontostriatal circuitry

frontostriatal circuitry

An educational intervention for ADHD may include: positive punishment procedures in the classroom use of workbooks in the classroom giving written as well as oral instructions in the classroom residential care

giving written as well as oral instructions in the classroom

In comparison to boys, girls with ADHD are more likely to display: higher levels of hyperactivity greater impairment in executive functions higher levels of aggression inattentive/disorganized symptoms

inattentive/disorganized symptoms

Isabella appears sad and is having difficulty academically and with her peer group. At this rate, her teacher fears that she will end up dropping out of school. However, Isabella has a loving and nurturing relationship with her mother. This relationship with her mother can be considered a: mediating variable protective factor moderator variable risk factor

protective factor

Factors such as SES, child's age, and cultural background affect the ______of symptoms and disorders. rate and expression mediation external validity termination

rate and expression

A researcher finds that academic underachievement typically precedes the onset of substance abuse and is associated with an increase in the probability that a youth will develop substance abuse. How would academic underachievement be characterized? risk factor protective factor a correlate a causal factor

risk factor

What is an example of cognitive impulsivity? blurting out an answer in class touching a hot stove rushed thinking interrupting a parent on the telephone

rushed thinking

Mothers of children with ADHD are more likely to have: substance abuse problems schizophrenia depression antisocial personality disorder

substance abuse problems