Quizzes Advanced Patho- Mele

Manifestations of anemia that are directly due to the diminished oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin include

Fatigue

Which of the following types and characteristics of anemia are correctly matched?

Folate; decreased erythropoiesis

1. The most common causes of left-sided heart failure include acute myocardial infarction chronic pulmonary disease impaired renal blood flow tricuspid valve regurgitation

acute myocardial infarction

To form a platelet plug, platelets are attracted to the damaged vessel, and then platelet ________ occurs

adhesion

1. Target-organ damage that occurs as the result of long-term uncontrolled hypertension is associated with aneurysms. chronic hypoxia. atherosclerosis. vasodilation.

atherosclerosis

Disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) is characterized by

hemorrhage

Leukemias are classified according to the predominant cell type. The myelogenous cell type of leukemia can

interfere with thrombocyte cell maturation

1. One of the principle mechanisms by which the heart compensates for increased workload is myocardial hypertrophy sodium and water retention endothelin vasoconstrictors ventricular wall tension increase

myocardial hypertrophy

1. Limiting salt intake is recommended as an initial nonpharmacologic treatment for hypertension because it helps a person lose weight. reduces water retention and decreases vascular volume. increases cardiac output and reduces renal blood flow. reduces sympathetic nervous system activity.

reduces water retention and decreases vascular volume

1. A dissecting aneurysm can be described as an outpouching of a major arterial vessel. a tortuous defect in a vein. multiple small dilatations of an artery. separation and bleeding between the layers of an arterial wall.

separation and bleeding between the layers of an arterial wall.

1. Host versus Graft disease is a complication of organ transplantation caused by recipient immune cells destroying the host T cells attacking the donor cells combining with grafts HLA being recognized as foreign

Attacking the Donor Cells

1. Unlike the tissue growth that occurs with hypertrophy and hyperplasia, the growth of a malignancy is adaptive specialized predictable autonomous

Autonomous

1. The patient is immobilized after a hip injury. He has lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, tenderness, and increased warmth in the mid-calf area. He has many of the manifestations of stasis ulcerations arterial insufficiency primary varicose veins deep vein thrombosis

Deep Vein Thrombosis

The patient has an abnormally low neutrophil count. Neutropenia is most commonly caused by

Drug reactions

1. Patients with ischemic coronary vessel disease and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are classified as low or high risk for acute myocardial infarction based on characteristics that include significant heart murmurs ECG changes pulmonary disease pericardial effusion

ECG changes

1. The metastatic spread of tumor cells is facilitated by _______ that enables invasion and movement to distant tissues. cell cohesiveness enzyme secretion contact inhibition cell-to-cell signaling

Enzyme secretion

Leukocytes consist of three categories of cells that have different roles in the inflammatory and immune responses. Which of the following leukocytes is correctly matched with its function?

Eosinphils; Allergic reaction

An elevated level of unconjugated bilirubin, due to hemolysis of RBCs, results in a high level of iron released and

Jaundice

1. Because cholesterol is insoluble in plasma, it is mainly carried by the lipoprotein IDL HDL LDL VLDL

LDL

1. The mediators involved in Type I hypersensitivity allergic responses are released from mast cells plasma cells monocytes arachidonic acid

Mast Cells

1. Match each of the descriptive terms with the appropriate type of circulatory shock. Each answer item may be used once, more than once or not at all. May occur as a consequence of acute myocardial infarction Results from a severe allergic reaction (for example, to insect venom or certain foods) May result from head trauma, leading to impairment of the cardiovascular center Caused by vasodilators that are released by bacteria A. Anaphylactic shock B. Cardiogenic shock C. Hypovolemic shock D. Neurogenic shock E. Septic shock

May occur as a consequence of acute myocardial infarction B. Cardiogenic shock Results from a severe allergic reaction (for example, to insect venom or certain foods) A. Anaphylactic shock May result from head trauma, leading to impairment of the cardiovascular center D. Neurogenic shock Caused by vasodilators that are released by bacteria E. Septic shock

1. Cancerous transformation of a cell requires the activation of cell cycle apoptosis multiple mutations a single gene mutation tumor suppressor genes

Multiple Mutations

1. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is the movement of leukocytes into the area. Cells that arrive early, in great numbers, are basophils lymphocytes neutrophils platelets

Neutrophils

1. Match each of the descriptive phrases below with the appropriate tumor name. Each answer item may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Non osseous, malignant neoplasm of tissues derived from mesoderm. Benign tumor of adipose tissue Benign neoplasm arising in glandular tissue. Malignant tumor of bone A. Adenocarcinoma B. Adenoma C. Carcinoma D. Lipoma E. Osteosarcoma F. Sarcoma

Non osseous, malignant neoplasm of tissues derived mesoderm -F Benign tumor of adipose tissue-D Benign neoplasm arising in glandular tissue.- B Malignant tumor of bone -E

1. The characteristic localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include fever fatigue redness granuloma

Redness

1. The most common cause of secondary hypertension is aortic aneurysm. Cushing's syndrome. pheochromocytoma. renal vascular disease.

Renal Vascular Disease

1. The "window period" of HIV infection refers to the period of time between infection and transmission seroconversion initial symptoms antibody screening

Seroconversion

A form of hypercoagulability states, increased platelet function, is caused by

Vascular wall damage

1. Although both are characterized by ischemia, Raynaud disease is caused by _______, and thromboangiitis obliterans is caused by occlusion; compression thrombi; vasoconstriction vasculitides; hypertension vasospasm; inflammation

Vasospasm; inflammation

Conditions that predispose to sickling of hemoglobin in persons with sickle cell anemia include

decreased tissue oxygen saturation

1. Cigarette smoking and hypertension are thought to enhance atherosclerosis by increasing stress. causing hyperlipidemia. disrupting the endothelial layer of arteries. reducing vasoconstriction.

disrupting the endothelial layer of arteries.

1. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion can be life-threatening when the pericardial sac _______ and ______ the heart. ruptures; releases thickens; stretches contracts; friction rubs fills rapidly; compresses

fills rapidly; compresses

1. Chronic stable angina, associated with inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the myocardium, is caused by fixed coronary obstruction increased collateral circulation intermittent vessel vasospasms excessive endothelial relaxing factors

fixed coronary obstruction

1. Disruption in the endothelial lining of the blood vessels and heart may result in aneurysm. embolism. gangrene. infarction. thrombosis.

thrombosis

1. The most important complication of atherosclerosis is ______, which may cause occlusion of small heart vessels. ulceration thrombosis fatty streaks fibrous plaque

thrombosis

1. In shock, one of the best indicators of blood flow to vital organs is warm legs urine output blood pressure consciousness

urine output

1. Endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease (carditis) are both cardiac complications of under-treated systemic infections. Characteristics include a new or changed heart murmur caused by chronic atrial fibrillation myocardial inflammation left ventricle hypertrophy vegetative valve destruction

vegetative valve destruction

1. Severe shock can be followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), characterized by hyperventilation excessive surfactant hyperinflated alveolar sacs ventilation-perfusion mismatch

ventilation-perfusion mismatch