Rabbits

what bacteria overgrows and produces endotoxin causing enterotoxemia

Clostridium spiroforme

it is important to control pain post op to promote what

eating

this causes granulomas and pseudocysts in the brain, kidney and eye. Neuro signs include head tilt and paralysis and there is kidney disease.

encephalitozoonosis (Encephalitozoon cuniculi)

3 places of vascular access

jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous

2 causes of abscesses in rabbits

pasteurella, dental disease

a rabbit presents with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pulmonary abscesses, and otitis media. what is this

pasturellosis/snuffles

common and significant disease of rabbits. most are asymptomatic carriers. Subclinical infection develops into overt disease when stressed

pasturellosis/snuffles

what do rabbits do to warn other rabbits that a threat is approaching

thump hind feet

occurs in wild rabbits and rodents (south central US). rare in domestic rabbits. causes acute fatal septicemia, cutaneous lesions and meningitis. It is zoonotic and reportable

tularemia

zoonotic and reportable disease of rabbits

tularemia

when is pregnancy detection by palpation the best?

12 d gestation

when do rabbits sexually mature

4-6 mo.

which of the following canNOT be used on rabbits for fleas: A. frontline (fipronil) B. advantage (imidacloprid) C. program (lufenuron) D. revolution (selamectin) E. pyrethrins

A

avoid housing rabbits with guinea pigs due to risk of what?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

second most common neoplasia in rabbits. occurs in those < 2 years.

LSA

who is tularemia spread

aerosol, ingestion, ectoparasites (fleas, ticks)

what causes turbidity of rabbit urine

calcium

what part of the body of the rabbit serves as counter-current heat exchange mechanism

ears

what causes urolithiasis in rabbits

excess dietary Ca + alkaline urine

T/F: rabbit kits are able to regulate body temp when born

false (unable to for 7+ d)

what injectable antibiotic may cause sterile abscesses in rabbits

fluoroquinolones

remove the kits from a rabbit with mastitis so that she can get better. what do you do with them?

hand feed

rabbits are very sensitive to antibiotics like penicillin, lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins. when is the one time you can use penicillin and which form?

injectible, rabbit syphilis

2 forms of coccidiosis

intestinal, hepatic

what predisposes rabbits to lumbar fracture

light skeleton with large muscle mass

feed rabbits alfalfa based pellets and timothy hay. why not feed alfalfa hay too?

may cause urolithiasis d/t high dietary Ca with alfalfa hay and pellet

caused by chronic wetness seen with dental disease (drooling), open water crocks, or large dewlap (skin fold pyoderma)

moist dermatitis

glaucoma is genetic (autosomal recessive) in what rabbits

new zealand whites

is there a vaccine for myxomatosis

no

why does a c-section in a rabbit require an incision into each uterine horn

no uterine body (have duplex uterus - 2 horns, no body)

term for young born with fur and eyes open

precotial

this has purple lobular nucleus and diffuse red cytoplasmic granules that are smaller than an eosinophil

pseudoneutrophil (heterophil)

what gives snuffles a poor prognosis

pulmonary abscesses

pox virus in cottontails causing tumors on legs, feet and ears that regress after several months. There is little significance in domestic rabbits

rabbit (shope) fibroma virus

4 predisposing factors of ulcerative pododermatitis

rough cage floor, dirty cage, heavy rabbit, overgrown toenails

to smaller or larger breed rabbits reach puberty faster? do males or females?

smaller, females

what vaccine provides immunity to rabbitpox

smallpox

mastitis is caused by heavy lactation, poor sanitation, trauma, and what 2 bacteria?

staph, strep

T/F: rabbits are born hairless and with closed eyes

true

what covers night feces protecting them

mucus

most common site of vertebral dislocation or fracture

L7

what causes snuffles

Pasturella multocida

rabbits are intermediate hosts for what 2 tape worms

Taenia serilais, T pisiformis

solitary rabbits that build nests above ground (do NOT live in burrows). Young are born with fur and eyes open (precotial). Larger rabbits and have longer ears and legs

hares (lepus)

why are rabbits classified as Order Lagomorpha (different order than rodents, O. Rodentia)

have extra incisors (peg teeth) and have premolars

2 characteristics of a rabbit that allow for rapid bursts of speed

light skeleton and powerful muscles

in malocclusion, _____ incisors grow in anterior direction, _____ curl inside mouth

mandibular grow anterior, maxillary curl

abdominal pain and mucous in feces of a newly weaned rabbit

mucoid enteritis

where do you collect large volumes of blood

central auricular artery

what causes tularemia

Francisella tularensis

what causes proliferative enteropathy, a GI disease of weanlings that resolves in 1-2 weeks (death if secondary infection)

Lawsonia intracellularis

2 causes of sarcoptic mange

S scabei, N cati

a rabbit presents with crusty lesions on the vagina and mouth. what is this? how do you diagnose it?what is the treatment?

Treponematosis (rabbit syphilis), spirochete on skin scrape with silver stain, injectable penicillin

what causes faster metabolism of atropine in rabbits? what do you use to reduce bradycardia and secretions instead?

atropinesterase, glycopyrrolate

what will stressed does do to young

cannibalize

be careful when making an abdominal incision on a rabbit because this abdominal structure is very large

cecum

mucoid enteritis is due to stress which changes cecal flora leading to obstipation of the ____ and excess mucous production

cecum

this ion resin that binds toxin is used to treat enterotoxemia

cholestyramine

because the ______ is poorly developed in rabbits they have poor focus

ciliary body

these rabbits are solitary, build nests above ground or may live in burrows of other spp. Young born blind and hairless (atricial)

cottontails (Sylvilagus)

well developed in the female rabbit. they pull hair out of this to make lining of nest before having litter

dewlap

rabbit hemorrhagic disease is highly contagious and spread by what?

direct contact, fomites

this sits in the pharynx of rabbits allowing inhalant anesthesia administration without having to tube

docsinnovent V-gel

papillomatosis causes oral papillomas on tongue or mouth of ______ rabbits. it causes warts on the necks, shoulders, ears and abdomen of ______

domestic, cottontails

how do you treat glaucoma in rabbits

ennucleation or laser cycloablation

a newly weaned rabbit, antibiotic therapy or dietary change can cause this in rabbits. Signs include abdominal pain, hunched posture, teeth grinding, anorexia and water diarrhea

enterotoxemia

these rabbits are social, live in groups called warrens. they make burrows. Young are born blind, hairless (atricial). Domestic rabbits are included with these.

european rabbits (oryctolagus)

T/F: there is a vaccine for rabbit hemorrhagic disease in the US

false

T/F: rabbits are spontaneous ovulators

false (induced 10-13 hr after mating)

T/F: coccidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea in rabbits

false (often not clinical but may e poor doers)

T/F: fast rabbits before surgery

false (rabbits can't vomit due to anatomy of cardia)

this important part of the rabbit's diet maintains motility of cecum and colon, prevents enteritis from hypomotility, and promotes normal tooth wear

fiber

calicivirus that causes fever and sudden death in rabbits (may see GI and neuro signs or may be asymptomatic). See hepatic necrosis on necropsy. Serology to diagnose. Reportable disease. Depopulation +/- vaccination to prevent

rabbit hemorrhagic disease

acute and generalized pox virus of lab rabbits causing fever, nasal discharge, edema +/- pox lesions. Vaccinia related virus.

rabbitpox

intestinal virus to which weanlings are most susceptible. Spread by fecal-oral route. mildly pathogenic unless secondary bacterial infection. self-limiting so stop breeding to break the cycle

rotavirus

predisposing factors for this dough mass in the abdomen include: prolific shedders, do not vomit, small stomach lumen with strong pyloric sphincter, insufficient fiber in diet, hair chewing d/t boredom or insufficient dietary fiber

trichobezoar

T/F: 40-80% of rabbits may be serologically positive for encephalitozoonosis

true

T/F: Passalurus ambiguus (pinworm) is not transmissible to humans

true

T/F: normal rabbits do not have GI E coli

true

2 modes of transmission of treponematosis (rabbit syphilis). what causes it?

venereal, transmission from dam to kits, Treponema cuniculi

normal temp of rabbits? HR? RR?

101-104, HR 306-333, RR 32-60

rabbits tolerate cold better than heat because they cannot sweat, pan ineffectively and don't increase water intake. they are sensitive to temps > _____?

82

why avoid giving fruits high in simple sugars to rabbits

GI upset

prevention of tapeworm infection of rabbits

restrict dog access to rabbit food/nesting material

developmental problem in young rabbits. autosomal recessive trait causing disorders of femur/hip and rabbit is unable to abduct one or more limbs

splay leg

T/F: papillomatosis is self limiting

true

T/F: rabbit urine is yellow to brown or red normally and has traces or protein and glucose

true

T/F: rabbits are receptive 14 of every 16 d

true

T/F: don't clean the ears of rabbits with Otocariasis

true (makes more pruritic)

what is Encephalitozoon cuniculi shed in? Can it infect other species?

urine, yes (immunodeficient humans)

most common tumor in rabbits. occurs in over 50% of female rabbits over age 5. causes decreased fertility, abortion and bleeding

uterine adenocarcinoma

which pox virus has a vaccine that can be used to prevent

rabbitpox

what causes colibacillosis, a GI disease in neonates or weanlings in dirty environments

E coli

term for young born blind and hairless

atricial

treatment of early trichobezoar (anorexia)

bromelain (pineapple), papain (papaya) hay or straw

rabbits shiver when exposed to cold because they have no what?

brown fat

the ______ in rabbits describes the terminal ileum which is dilated and has a large amount of lymphoid tissue

cecal tonsil

where are the 3 scent glands in rabbits

chin, anal, inguinal

treatment of coccidiosis

coccidiostats (sulfas) and sanitation (10% ammonia)

pox virus that occurs in production colonies, wild rabbits in western US. It is transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos/fleas), causes conjunctivitis (milky discharge), fever, edematous eyelids/nose/lips/ears/vulva, and labored breathing. High mortality in domestic rabbits. no treatment

myxomatosis

3 pox diseases of rabbits

myxomatosis, rabbit shope vibroma virus, rabbit pox

what can be a sequela of malocclusion of molars if the maxillary teeth invade the orbit

proptosis and/or epiphora