Rabbits
what bacteria overgrows and produces endotoxin causing enterotoxemia
Clostridium spiroforme
it is important to control pain post op to promote what
eating
this causes granulomas and pseudocysts in the brain, kidney and eye. Neuro signs include head tilt and paralysis and there is kidney disease.
encephalitozoonosis (Encephalitozoon cuniculi)
3 places of vascular access
jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous
2 causes of abscesses in rabbits
pasteurella, dental disease
a rabbit presents with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pulmonary abscesses, and otitis media. what is this
pasturellosis/snuffles
common and significant disease of rabbits. most are asymptomatic carriers. Subclinical infection develops into overt disease when stressed
pasturellosis/snuffles
what do rabbits do to warn other rabbits that a threat is approaching
thump hind feet
occurs in wild rabbits and rodents (south central US). rare in domestic rabbits. causes acute fatal septicemia, cutaneous lesions and meningitis. It is zoonotic and reportable
tularemia
zoonotic and reportable disease of rabbits
tularemia
when is pregnancy detection by palpation the best?
12 d gestation
when do rabbits sexually mature
4-6 mo.
which of the following canNOT be used on rabbits for fleas: A. frontline (fipronil) B. advantage (imidacloprid) C. program (lufenuron) D. revolution (selamectin) E. pyrethrins
A
avoid housing rabbits with guinea pigs due to risk of what?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
second most common neoplasia in rabbits. occurs in those < 2 years.
LSA
who is tularemia spread
aerosol, ingestion, ectoparasites (fleas, ticks)
what causes turbidity of rabbit urine
calcium
what part of the body of the rabbit serves as counter-current heat exchange mechanism
ears
what causes urolithiasis in rabbits
excess dietary Ca + alkaline urine
T/F: rabbit kits are able to regulate body temp when born
false (unable to for 7+ d)
what injectable antibiotic may cause sterile abscesses in rabbits
fluoroquinolones
remove the kits from a rabbit with mastitis so that she can get better. what do you do with them?
hand feed
rabbits are very sensitive to antibiotics like penicillin, lincomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and cephalosporins. when is the one time you can use penicillin and which form?
injectible, rabbit syphilis
2 forms of coccidiosis
intestinal, hepatic
what predisposes rabbits to lumbar fracture
light skeleton with large muscle mass
feed rabbits alfalfa based pellets and timothy hay. why not feed alfalfa hay too?
may cause urolithiasis d/t high dietary Ca with alfalfa hay and pellet
caused by chronic wetness seen with dental disease (drooling), open water crocks, or large dewlap (skin fold pyoderma)
moist dermatitis
glaucoma is genetic (autosomal recessive) in what rabbits
new zealand whites
is there a vaccine for myxomatosis
no
why does a c-section in a rabbit require an incision into each uterine horn
no uterine body (have duplex uterus - 2 horns, no body)
term for young born with fur and eyes open
precotial
this has purple lobular nucleus and diffuse red cytoplasmic granules that are smaller than an eosinophil
pseudoneutrophil (heterophil)
what gives snuffles a poor prognosis
pulmonary abscesses
pox virus in cottontails causing tumors on legs, feet and ears that regress after several months. There is little significance in domestic rabbits
rabbit (shope) fibroma virus
4 predisposing factors of ulcerative pododermatitis
rough cage floor, dirty cage, heavy rabbit, overgrown toenails
to smaller or larger breed rabbits reach puberty faster? do males or females?
smaller, females
what vaccine provides immunity to rabbitpox
smallpox
mastitis is caused by heavy lactation, poor sanitation, trauma, and what 2 bacteria?
staph, strep
T/F: rabbits are born hairless and with closed eyes
true
what covers night feces protecting them
mucus
most common site of vertebral dislocation or fracture
L7
what causes snuffles
Pasturella multocida
rabbits are intermediate hosts for what 2 tape worms
Taenia serilais, T pisiformis
solitary rabbits that build nests above ground (do NOT live in burrows). Young are born with fur and eyes open (precotial). Larger rabbits and have longer ears and legs
hares (lepus)
why are rabbits classified as Order Lagomorpha (different order than rodents, O. Rodentia)
have extra incisors (peg teeth) and have premolars
2 characteristics of a rabbit that allow for rapid bursts of speed
light skeleton and powerful muscles
in malocclusion, _____ incisors grow in anterior direction, _____ curl inside mouth
mandibular grow anterior, maxillary curl
abdominal pain and mucous in feces of a newly weaned rabbit
mucoid enteritis
where do you collect large volumes of blood
central auricular artery
what causes tularemia
Francisella tularensis
what causes proliferative enteropathy, a GI disease of weanlings that resolves in 1-2 weeks (death if secondary infection)
Lawsonia intracellularis
2 causes of sarcoptic mange
S scabei, N cati
a rabbit presents with crusty lesions on the vagina and mouth. what is this? how do you diagnose it?what is the treatment?
Treponematosis (rabbit syphilis), spirochete on skin scrape with silver stain, injectable penicillin
what causes faster metabolism of atropine in rabbits? what do you use to reduce bradycardia and secretions instead?
atropinesterase, glycopyrrolate
what will stressed does do to young
cannibalize
be careful when making an abdominal incision on a rabbit because this abdominal structure is very large
cecum
mucoid enteritis is due to stress which changes cecal flora leading to obstipation of the ____ and excess mucous production
cecum
this ion resin that binds toxin is used to treat enterotoxemia
cholestyramine
because the ______ is poorly developed in rabbits they have poor focus
ciliary body
these rabbits are solitary, build nests above ground or may live in burrows of other spp. Young born blind and hairless (atricial)
cottontails (Sylvilagus)
well developed in the female rabbit. they pull hair out of this to make lining of nest before having litter
dewlap
rabbit hemorrhagic disease is highly contagious and spread by what?
direct contact, fomites
this sits in the pharynx of rabbits allowing inhalant anesthesia administration without having to tube
docsinnovent V-gel
papillomatosis causes oral papillomas on tongue or mouth of ______ rabbits. it causes warts on the necks, shoulders, ears and abdomen of ______
domestic, cottontails
how do you treat glaucoma in rabbits
ennucleation or laser cycloablation
a newly weaned rabbit, antibiotic therapy or dietary change can cause this in rabbits. Signs include abdominal pain, hunched posture, teeth grinding, anorexia and water diarrhea
enterotoxemia
these rabbits are social, live in groups called warrens. they make burrows. Young are born blind, hairless (atricial). Domestic rabbits are included with these.
european rabbits (oryctolagus)
T/F: there is a vaccine for rabbit hemorrhagic disease in the US
false
T/F: rabbits are spontaneous ovulators
false (induced 10-13 hr after mating)
T/F: coccidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea in rabbits
false (often not clinical but may e poor doers)
T/F: fast rabbits before surgery
false (rabbits can't vomit due to anatomy of cardia)
this important part of the rabbit's diet maintains motility of cecum and colon, prevents enteritis from hypomotility, and promotes normal tooth wear
fiber
calicivirus that causes fever and sudden death in rabbits (may see GI and neuro signs or may be asymptomatic). See hepatic necrosis on necropsy. Serology to diagnose. Reportable disease. Depopulation +/- vaccination to prevent
rabbit hemorrhagic disease
acute and generalized pox virus of lab rabbits causing fever, nasal discharge, edema +/- pox lesions. Vaccinia related virus.
rabbitpox
intestinal virus to which weanlings are most susceptible. Spread by fecal-oral route. mildly pathogenic unless secondary bacterial infection. self-limiting so stop breeding to break the cycle
rotavirus
predisposing factors for this dough mass in the abdomen include: prolific shedders, do not vomit, small stomach lumen with strong pyloric sphincter, insufficient fiber in diet, hair chewing d/t boredom or insufficient dietary fiber
trichobezoar
T/F: 40-80% of rabbits may be serologically positive for encephalitozoonosis
true
T/F: Passalurus ambiguus (pinworm) is not transmissible to humans
true
T/F: normal rabbits do not have GI E coli
true
2 modes of transmission of treponematosis (rabbit syphilis). what causes it?
venereal, transmission from dam to kits, Treponema cuniculi
normal temp of rabbits? HR? RR?
101-104, HR 306-333, RR 32-60
rabbits tolerate cold better than heat because they cannot sweat, pan ineffectively and don't increase water intake. they are sensitive to temps > _____?
82
why avoid giving fruits high in simple sugars to rabbits
GI upset
prevention of tapeworm infection of rabbits
restrict dog access to rabbit food/nesting material
developmental problem in young rabbits. autosomal recessive trait causing disorders of femur/hip and rabbit is unable to abduct one or more limbs
splay leg
T/F: papillomatosis is self limiting
true
T/F: rabbit urine is yellow to brown or red normally and has traces or protein and glucose
true
T/F: rabbits are receptive 14 of every 16 d
true
T/F: don't clean the ears of rabbits with Otocariasis
true (makes more pruritic)
what is Encephalitozoon cuniculi shed in? Can it infect other species?
urine, yes (immunodeficient humans)
most common tumor in rabbits. occurs in over 50% of female rabbits over age 5. causes decreased fertility, abortion and bleeding
uterine adenocarcinoma
which pox virus has a vaccine that can be used to prevent
rabbitpox
what causes colibacillosis, a GI disease in neonates or weanlings in dirty environments
E coli
term for young born blind and hairless
atricial
treatment of early trichobezoar (anorexia)
bromelain (pineapple), papain (papaya) hay or straw
rabbits shiver when exposed to cold because they have no what?
brown fat
the ______ in rabbits describes the terminal ileum which is dilated and has a large amount of lymphoid tissue
cecal tonsil
where are the 3 scent glands in rabbits
chin, anal, inguinal
treatment of coccidiosis
coccidiostats (sulfas) and sanitation (10% ammonia)
pox virus that occurs in production colonies, wild rabbits in western US. It is transmitted by arthropods (mosquitos/fleas), causes conjunctivitis (milky discharge), fever, edematous eyelids/nose/lips/ears/vulva, and labored breathing. High mortality in domestic rabbits. no treatment
myxomatosis
3 pox diseases of rabbits
myxomatosis, rabbit shope vibroma virus, rabbit pox
what can be a sequela of malocclusion of molars if the maxillary teeth invade the orbit
proptosis and/or epiphora