RAD 101, Chapter 4 Elbow and Humerus
If the patient can be positioned properly, the central-ray angle for the transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus is: a. 0 degrees b. 5 degrees c. 10 degrees d. 15 degrees
0 degrees
What is the central-ray angulation for the AP elbow when the forearm is partially flexed? a. 0 degrees b. 5 degrees c. 10 degrees d. 5 to 10 degrees
0 degrees
How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in lateral rotation? a. 30 degrees b. 40 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 40 to 45 degrees
40 degrees
How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in medial rotation? a. 35 degrees b. 40 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 40 to 45 degrees
40 to 45 degrees
Which of the following would be projected free of superimposition for an AP oblique projection of the elbow with medial rotation? a. lateral epicondyle b. coronoid process c. olecranon process d. olecranon fossa
coronoid process
Soft tissue radiographs of the elbow in the lateral position are often ordered to demonstrate: a. veins b. nerves c. fat pads d. fractures
fat pads
The only saddle joint in the human body is the: a. radioulnar joint b. radiocarpal joint c. first digit, carpometacarpal joint d. fifth digit, carpometacarpal joint
first digit, carpometacarpal joint
Which of the following is shown "in profile" on an AP projection of the humerus? a. capitulum b. glenoid cavity c. greater tubercle d. lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
To demonstrate the coronoid process in the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle Method), the elbow is flexed: a. 45 degrees b. 80 degrees c. 90 degrees d. 80 to 90 degrees
80 degrees
For a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed: a. 0 degrees b. 25 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 90 degrees
90 degrees
For the lateral projection of the elbow, the elbow joint should be flexed: a. 25 degrees b. 45 degrees c. 75 degrees d. 90 degrees
90 degrees
For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed: a. 45 degrees b. 90 degrees c. 120 degrees d. 90 to 120 degrees
90 degrees
To demonstrate the radial head in the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle Method), the elbow is flexed: a. 30 degrees b. 45 degrees c. 80 degrees d. 90 degrees
90 degrees
Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the radial head and neck free of superimposition? a. AP oblique projection, lateral rotation b. AP oblique projection, medial rotation c. AP projection, partial flexion d. AP projection, acute flexion
AP oblique projection, lateral rotation
Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa? a. AP, acute flexion b. AP, partial flexion c. AP oblique, medial rotation d. AP oblique, lateral rotation
AP oblique, medial rotation
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the humerus? a. elbow joint b. shoulder joint c. glenoid cavity d. midpoint of the humerus
midpoint of the humerus
Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the humerus? a. elbow joint b. shoulder joint c. body of the humerus d. midpoint of the humerus
midpoint of the humerus
How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for a lateral projection of the humerus? a. 1/2 inch b. 1 inch c. 2 inches d. 1 1/2 inches
1 1/2
How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for an AP humerus? a. 1/2 inch b. 1 inch c. 1 1/2 inches d. 2 inches
1 1/2 inches
Which of the following are achieved when the transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus is done on full inspiration? 1.) increased contrast 2.) decrease in exposure 3.) wide latitude a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the first CMC joint? 1.) Robert 2.) Burman 3.) Stecher a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 2
Which fat pads are seen on a negative lateral elbow radiograph? 1.) anterior 2.) posterior 3.) supinator a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following general procedures should be observed when performing x-ray examinations of the upper limb? 1.) remove rings and watches 2.) have the patient change into a gown 3.) use an R or L marker on each image a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the humerus? 1.) elbow joint 2.) glenoid cavity 3.) shoulder joint a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following objects would be necessary to perform an x-ray examination of the humerus? 1.) sandbag 2.) 30-degree angle sponge 3.) lead shield a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1 and 3
Which of the following should be on the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow? 1.) wrist joint 2.) elbow joint 3.) shoulder joint a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3
If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus, the central ray should be angled: a. 10 degrees cephalad b. 15 degrees cephalad c. 20 degrees caudad d. 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
If a patient is unable to extend the forearm for an AP projection of the elbow, how many projections are necessary to avoid distortion of the joint? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
2
The 10 joints of the upper limb are all: 1.) hinge 2.) synovial tissue 3.) freely moveable a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
The primary structures shown when demonstrating the elbow using the Coyle Method are the: 1.) coracoid process 2.) coronoid process 3.) radial head a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the humerus? 1.) glenoid cavity 2.) elbow joint 3.) shoulder joint a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3
2 and 3
For a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus, lung detail may be blurred to better visualize the humerus. Which of the following techniques can be used to blur the lung structures? a. 3 seconds b. 5 seconds c. 7 seconds d. 10 seconds
3 seconds
The central-ray angulation for both of the axiolateral projections (Coyle Method) of the elbow is: a. 30 degrees b. 35 degrees c. 40 degrees d. 45 degrees
45 degrees
Which of the following devices is necessary to demonstrate the IP joints with a PA oblique projection of the hand? a. finger holder strap b. 20-degree-angle block c. 45-degree foam block d. 45-degree foam wedge
45-degree foam wedge
A fracture of the metacarpal neck is known as a ____ fracture. a. Colle's b. Smith's c. Boxer's d. Bennett's
Boxer's
fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement is known as a ____ fracture. a. Colle's b. Smith's c. Boxer's d. Bennett's
Colle's
Which of the following methods is used when the arm cannot be abducted for the standard AP or lateral projection of the humerus? a. Stecher b. Lawrence c. Norgaard d. Gaynor-Hart
Lawrence
Which fat pad is identified in the figure above? a. anterior b. posterior c. coronoid d. supinator
anterior
The central area of the long cylindrical shaft of the radius, ulna, and humerus is called the: a. body b. neck c. styloid d. fissure
body
Which of the following would not be needed for radiographic examinations of the upper limb? a. lead apron b. sandbags c. compression band d. foam wedges
compression band
The shallow depression, located on the anterior side of the distal humerus, receives which of the following when the elbow is flexed? a. trochlea b. coronoid fossa c. capitulum d. radial fossa
coronoid fossa
If a breathing technique cannot be used for the transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus, the exposure should be made using: a. full expiration b. full inspiration c. partial inspiration d. suspended respiration
full inspiration
Which of the following positions can be used to perform a lateral projection of the humerus on a patient who has a suspected fracture? a. supine b. standing c. lateral decubitus d. lateral recumbent
lateral recumbent
Which of the following is shown "in profile" on a lateral projection of the humerus? a. capitulum b. glenoid cavity c. lesser tubercle d. greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
The posterior fat pad lies in the: a. coronoid fossa b. olecranon fossa c. radial fossa d. radial notch
olecranon fossa
Which of the following is shown "in profile" on a lateral projection of the elbow? a. radial neck b. radial head c. olecranon process d. humeral epicondyles
olecranon process
For a transthoracic lateral projection, the proximal humerus should be projected: a. between the vertebral column and sternum b. over the vertebral column c. over the sternum d. directly over the opposite humerus
over the sternum
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are: a. perpendicular to the IR b. parallel to the IR c. superimposed over each other d. not clearly seen
parallel to the IR
For a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus the epicondyles should, unless contraindicated, be positioned: a. perpendicular to the IR b. parallel to the IR c. 30 degrees oblique to the IR (medial rotation) d. 45 degrees oblique to the IR (medial rotation)
perpendicular to the IR
Rotating the arm medially for a lateral projection of the humerus will place the epicondyles: a. at a 30-degree angle with the plane of the IR b. at a 45-degree angle with the plane of the IR c. parallel with the plane of the IR d. perpendicular with the plane of the IR
perpendicular with the plane of the IR
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the: a. radial head b. trochlea c. lateral epicondyle d. ulnar coronoid process
radial head
Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation? a. capitulum b. trochlea c. radial head and neck d. olecranon process
radial head and neck
The head of the radius fits into a depression on the lateral aspect of the coronoid process of the ulna. This depression is called the: a. radial fossa b. coronoid fossa c. radial notch d. trochlear notch
radial notch
The most common position used for performing an AP humerus radiograph is: a. prone b. recumbent c. standing d. seated upright
recumbent
For the AP projection of the elbow, the hand is: a. pronated b. supinated c. placed in the lateral position d. placed in the 45-degree oblique position
supinated
Which fat pad lies parallel with the anterior aspect of the proximal radius? a. anterior b. coronoid c. posterior d. supinator
supinator
How is the hand positioned for the axiolateral projection of the elbow (Coyle Method)? a. supine b. prone c. 30-degree oblique d. 45-degree oblique
supine
What position should the hand be placed in for the AP projection of the humerus? a. supine b. prone c. lateral d. 30 degrees oblique, medial rotation
supine
Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the IR? a. lateral b. prone c. supine d. 45 degrees oblique
supine
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus? a. acromion process b. surgical neck c. greater tubercle d. midshaft of the humerus
surgical neck
Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for a lateral projection of the humerus? a. shallow breathing b. full inspiration c. full expiration d. suspended respiration
suspended respiration
Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection of the humerus? a. suspended respiration b. full inspiration c. full expiration d. shallow breathing
suspended respiration
Which of the following statements is true about the use of digital radiography (CR or DR) and finger projections? a. only one exposure can be made on an IR b. the digit must be placed in the central part of the image area c. the unexposed side of a split IR does not have to be covered with lead d. no special considerations are necessary for radiographs of the fingers
the digit must be placed in the central part of the image area
Which of the following is the best position to place the patient in for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus? a. upright b. supine c. prone d. recumbent
upright