RAD 245 Chapter 5/6 self-test

The major cause of cirrhosis in the United States and Europe is

Alcoholism

The classic appearance of annular carcinoma of the colon is a(n)

Apple core

A colonic intussusception can sometimes be reduced what radiographic procedure or modality?

Barium enema

An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is called a(n)

Fistula

Enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins are produced by the

Pancreas

On an excretory urogram, a characteristic ring of contrast material surrounds a triangular lucent filling defect, representing the sloughed tissue in

Papillary necrosis

Hydronephrosis can be caused by

Polycystic kidney disease, reflux, and obstruction

A transverse membrane in the urethra demonstrates as a stricture or narrowing in a

Posterior urethral valve

The string-of-beads- sign appears on upright abdominal images in

Mechanical bowel obstruction

Polycystic kidney disease consists of

Multiple cysts of varying sizes

Hydroureter and hydronephrosis are complications of obstruction due to a ureteral calculus

Obstruction due to a ureteral calculus

A functional obstruction of the distal esophagus resulting from incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter is

Achalasia

The condition in which cholesterol and pigment sediment blocks the common bile duct, causing an inflammatory attack, is known as

Acute cholecystitis

Inflammation of the stomach manifesting as an abnormal surface pattern in the gastric mucosa is suggestive of

Acute gastritis

Rapid deterioration in kidney function resulting in an accumulation of waste in the blood is suggestive of

Acute renal failure

Irregularity of the bladder wall and a diminished size are indicative of

Cystitis

The term for outpouching of the bowel lumen is

Diverticula

When IVU demonstrates two ureters exiting from one kidney, what term is used to describe the condition?

Duplication

The medical term denoting difficulty swallowing is

Dysphagia

Sonography demonstrates hydronephrosis as

Echo-free sacs

A second kidney found in the pelvis or thoracic cavity is considered a(n)

Ectopic kidney

The loop of Henle keeps a balance of the salts in the body, also known as a(n)

Electrolyte balance

A doughnut-shaped lesion on a transverse sonogram of the intestine is suspicious for

Intussusception

The condition in which the bowel telescopes into itself

Intussusception

Malignant polyps tend to be

Irregular and sessile

If the patient is too ill to stand, what position should the patient be placed in to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum?

LEft lateral decubitus, patient on the left side

An abnormal position of the kidney in relationship to the psoas muscle in the retroperitoneal location is considered

To indicate malrotation

To distinguish fluid-filled from solid lesions, the modality or procedure of choice is

US

A loss of haustral markings and deep ulcerations surrounded by intraluminal gas is indicative of

Ulcerative colitis

The cobra sign is seen on an excretory urogram in the pathologic condition known as

Ureteroceles

Twisting of the bowel upon itself is

Volvulus

An outpouching of the posterior wall of the esophagus is considered

Zenker's diverticulum

The most accurate imaging modality or procedure for detecting local and regional spread of a hypernephroma is

CT

To ensure that the diagnosis is renal agenesis, the best modality or image to demonstrate the abdomen is

CT

Underlying causes for what condition include bilateral renal stenosis, bilateral ureteral obstruction, and intrinsic renal disorders?

Chronic renal failure

The milky-white product found in the stomach is

Chyme

Any symptomatic condition or structural changes caused by reflux of stomach content into the esophagus is

GERD

Which modality or procedure best detects mass effects, stones, and other causes of renal obstruction?

Helical CT

Varicose veins of the rectum are

Hemorrhoids

The most common viral inflammatory disease of the liver is

Hepatitis

The form of hepatitis contracted by exposure to contaminated blood products or through sexual contact is

Hepatitis B

The symptom triad consisting of hematuria, flank pain, and, possibly, a palpable mass, defines

Renal carcinoma

A very thin smooth radiopaque rim demonstrating the "beak sign" indicates

Renal cyst

The stepladder sign is indicative of

Small bowel obstruction

What disease is known for demonstrating the pathologic disorder known as the string sign? a. Crohn's disease b. Esophageal varices c. paralytic ileus d. ulcerative colitis

a. Crohn's disease

Regional enteritis is also called a. Barrett's disease b. Cushing's disease c. Crohn's disease d. Zollinger-Ellison disease

c. Crohn's disease

The condition involving large amounts of air in dilated loops of large and small bowel is referred to as

paralytic ileus