RAD 245 Chapter 5/6 self-test
The major cause of cirrhosis in the United States and Europe is
Alcoholism
The classic appearance of annular carcinoma of the colon is a(n)
Apple core
A colonic intussusception can sometimes be reduced what radiographic procedure or modality?
Barium enema
An abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea is called a(n)
Fistula
Enzymes that aid in the digestion of proteins are produced by the
Pancreas
On an excretory urogram, a characteristic ring of contrast material surrounds a triangular lucent filling defect, representing the sloughed tissue in
Papillary necrosis
Hydronephrosis can be caused by
Polycystic kidney disease, reflux, and obstruction
A transverse membrane in the urethra demonstrates as a stricture or narrowing in a
Posterior urethral valve
The string-of-beads- sign appears on upright abdominal images in
Mechanical bowel obstruction
Polycystic kidney disease consists of
Multiple cysts of varying sizes
Hydroureter and hydronephrosis are complications of obstruction due to a ureteral calculus
Obstruction due to a ureteral calculus
A functional obstruction of the distal esophagus resulting from incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter is
Achalasia
The condition in which cholesterol and pigment sediment blocks the common bile duct, causing an inflammatory attack, is known as
Acute cholecystitis
Inflammation of the stomach manifesting as an abnormal surface pattern in the gastric mucosa is suggestive of
Acute gastritis
Rapid deterioration in kidney function resulting in an accumulation of waste in the blood is suggestive of
Acute renal failure
Irregularity of the bladder wall and a diminished size are indicative of
Cystitis
The term for outpouching of the bowel lumen is
Diverticula
When IVU demonstrates two ureters exiting from one kidney, what term is used to describe the condition?
Duplication
The medical term denoting difficulty swallowing is
Dysphagia
Sonography demonstrates hydronephrosis as
Echo-free sacs
A second kidney found in the pelvis or thoracic cavity is considered a(n)
Ectopic kidney
The loop of Henle keeps a balance of the salts in the body, also known as a(n)
Electrolyte balance
A doughnut-shaped lesion on a transverse sonogram of the intestine is suspicious for
Intussusception
The condition in which the bowel telescopes into itself
Intussusception
Malignant polyps tend to be
Irregular and sessile
If the patient is too ill to stand, what position should the patient be placed in to demonstrate pneumoperitoneum?
LEft lateral decubitus, patient on the left side
An abnormal position of the kidney in relationship to the psoas muscle in the retroperitoneal location is considered
To indicate malrotation
To distinguish fluid-filled from solid lesions, the modality or procedure of choice is
US
A loss of haustral markings and deep ulcerations surrounded by intraluminal gas is indicative of
Ulcerative colitis
The cobra sign is seen on an excretory urogram in the pathologic condition known as
Ureteroceles
Twisting of the bowel upon itself is
Volvulus
An outpouching of the posterior wall of the esophagus is considered
Zenker's diverticulum
The most accurate imaging modality or procedure for detecting local and regional spread of a hypernephroma is
CT
To ensure that the diagnosis is renal agenesis, the best modality or image to demonstrate the abdomen is
CT
Underlying causes for what condition include bilateral renal stenosis, bilateral ureteral obstruction, and intrinsic renal disorders?
Chronic renal failure
The milky-white product found in the stomach is
Chyme
Any symptomatic condition or structural changes caused by reflux of stomach content into the esophagus is
GERD
Which modality or procedure best detects mass effects, stones, and other causes of renal obstruction?
Helical CT
Varicose veins of the rectum are
Hemorrhoids
The most common viral inflammatory disease of the liver is
Hepatitis
The form of hepatitis contracted by exposure to contaminated blood products or through sexual contact is
Hepatitis B
The symptom triad consisting of hematuria, flank pain, and, possibly, a palpable mass, defines
Renal carcinoma
A very thin smooth radiopaque rim demonstrating the "beak sign" indicates
Renal cyst
The stepladder sign is indicative of
Small bowel obstruction
What disease is known for demonstrating the pathologic disorder known as the string sign? a. Crohn's disease b. Esophageal varices c. paralytic ileus d. ulcerative colitis
a. Crohn's disease
Regional enteritis is also called a. Barrett's disease b. Cushing's disease c. Crohn's disease d. Zollinger-Ellison disease
c. Crohn's disease
The condition involving large amounts of air in dilated loops of large and small bowel is referred to as
paralytic ileus