Rad Positioning 1 Final Exam Review

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

The distal end of the metatarsal adjacent to the phalanges is referred to as the __________ end.

Head

What angulation of the central ray is required for an AP/AP axial projection of the knee if the measurement from the ASIS to the tabletop is 18cm ?

5° caudad

The optimum kV for a PA projection of the wrist is:

60 kVp

What is the optimum kVp used for knee radiography?

60 kVp

What optimum kV should be used for "forearm" or "elbow" radiography?

60 kVp

How many tarsal bones are there?

7 tarsals

What is the optimum kV for a "humerus" study?

70 kVp

What is the optimum kVp used for radiography of the proximal femur?

70 kVp

What optimum kVp should be used for the AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in external rotation?

70 kVp

What optimum kVp should be used for the PA oblique projection/Scapular Y position of the shoulder?

70 kVp

What optimum kVp should be used for the Transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder?

70 kVp

What is the optimum kV to be selected for an AP projection of the abdomen?

85 kVp

What type of image receptor is used for the inferosuperior axial projection/Lawrence Method?

CR Image Receptor with Grid

What is the method name for the PA Axial projection done to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa?

Camp-Coventry

What are the routine views for a "forearm" study?

AP projection lateromedial projection

What is the central ray exit point for the plantodorsal axial projection of the heel?

Distal to the base of fibula

The AP projection of the thumb is done with the palmar surface of the thumb in contact with the IR.

False

The PA projection of the hand requires the posterior surface of the hand to be in contact with the IR.

False

The lateral position of the hand routinely requires the radial aspect of the forearm to be in contact with the IR.

False

When positioning the patient for the Scapular Y position of the shoulder, what guidelines can be used to determine accurate patient positioning?

coracoid process & acromion angle parallel to IR

Which bones form the knee joint? a. femur b. patella c. tibia d. fibula e. talus

a & c

When positioning the patient for the Grashey Method of the shoulder, what guidelines should be used to determine accurate patient positioning?

coracoid process & acromion angle perpendicular to IR

The Transthoracic lateral projection requires what adjustment in the central ray if the affected should is not well depressed?

angle CR 10° cephalad

When performing a portable AP projection of the chest, if the body plane indicated in the above question is not parallel to the IR, what compensatory measure should be used?

angle CR caudad

The upper pointed portion of the fibular head is referred to as the _____.

apex

The bony frame of the skeleton that includes the extremities is referred to as the:

appendicular skeleton

For the AP projection of the scapula, the arm is abducted 90 degrees from the trunk to best demonstrate which specific part of the scapula?

axillary border

With what aspect of the ulna does the trochlea region of the humerus articulate?

coronoid process

Which aspect of the elbow joint is best demonstrated on the medial oblique of the elbow?

coronoid process & trochlear region

When referring to growing bone, the long shaft of the bone is called:

diaphysis

Radiographically, flat bones demonstrate which type of internal bony pattern?

diploë pattern

On which phase of respiration is the AP projection of the abdomen obtained?

exhalation

Does the olecranon process articulate with the olecranon fossa when the elbow is in EXTENSION or FLEXION?

extension

What BODY MOVEMENT TERM describes the straightening of a joint?

extension

To verify that the leg is in the true lateral position when obtaining a lateral view of the foot, ankle or heel, the radiographer must adjust the patient so that which anatomical structure(s) of the knee is(are) aligned perpendicular to the table surface?

femoral epicondyles

During image evaluation of the AP/AP axial projection of the knee, what criteria would be used to determine that the correct angulation was utilized?

fibular apex should be ½" distal to tibial plateau

What BODY MOVEMENT TERM describes the bending of a joint?

flexion

What is the name of the slight indentation on the femoral head which allows for attachment of the capitis femoris ligament?

fovea capitis

The dorsal decubitus position requires the patient to rest on which surface?

back surface

What is the name of the deep depression on the PROXIMAL HUMERUS that is situated between the greater and lesser tubercles?

bicipital groove

What is the name of the fluid‑filled sac at joint sites that acts to reduce friction between bony anatomy and tendons, ligaments or muscles?

bursae

What two terms are used to designate the "LOWER END" or "FOOT END" of the body?

caudad inferior

What two terms are used to designate the "UPPER END" or "HEAD END" of the body?

cephalad superior

The central ray should be directed to which anatomical part for the Scapular Y position of the shoulder?

glenohumeral joint

What anatomical part is best demonstrated by the Grashey Method?

glenohumeral joint

With what part of the scapula does the PROXIMAL HUMERUS articulate?

glenoid fossa

With which part of the scapula does the humeral head articulate?

glenoid fossa

Referring to the PROXIMAL HUMERUS, what anatomical part should be seen in profile on the A.P. projection image of the humerus?

greater tubercle

Indicate the hand positioning for the oblique position of the thumb.

hand pronated

An alternate name for the tibial spine is:

intercondylar eminences

When performing the mortise view of the ankle, the leg & foot should be medially rotated so that which plane is parallel to the IR?

intermalleolar plane

The ridge on the posterior surface of the femur between the greater and lesser trochanter is the:

intertrochanteric crest

Which aspect of the knee joint is well demonstrated on the medial oblique position of the knee?

lateral aspect of joint

What distal part must be included when performing an AP projection of the lower leg?

lateral malleolus

How is the hand positioned for a lateral projection of the elbow?

lateral with thumb up

During image evaluation of the AP projection of the proximal femur, what criteria would be used to determine that the femur was inverted correctly?

lesser trochanter is barely visible

Referring to the PROXIMAL HUMERUS, what anatomical part should be seen in profile on the lateral projection image of the humerus?

lesser tubercle

The tough band of tissue that connects one bone to another bone is a ______.

ligament

During image evaluation of the lateral projection of the knee, what criteria would be used to determine that the correct angulation was utilized?

lower borders of medial & lateral condyles are superimposed

Which part is located more PROXIMALLY -- the toes or the lower leg?

lower leg

What term would mean: TOWARD THE INNER ASPECT OF THE BODY?

medial

Which aspect of the forearm should be adjacent to the IR for the lateral position of the fourth finger?

medial aspect

Which oblique of the elbow demonstrates the proximal shafts of the radius and ulna superimposed?

medial oblique

Which projection should be obtained to best demonstrate the foot in the lateral position (the routine projection used at EMMC)?

mediolateral projection

What are the bones of the palm of the hand called?

metacarpals

Which body plane should be aligned parallel to the IR for the PA projection of the chest?

mid-coronal (axillary) plane

What proximal part must be included when performing an AP projection of the lower leg?

mid-patella

Which body plane should be placed parallel to the IR for a lateral projection of the chest?

mid-sagittal plane

Specifically, what POSITION and PROJECTION is being obtained in the following situation? A patient is lying on his left side on a stretcher or x-ray table. The IR (image receptor) is situated toward the back of the patient, perpendicular to the table surface. The x‑ray beam, which is directed horizontally, enters the front of the patient and exits the back of the patient.

Left lateral decubitus

What are 2 alternate names for the Settegast Method of the patella?

Sunrise Tangential

A lateral projection of the hand routinely requires an increase of 5 kV (as compared to the PA projection) to correctly penetrate the bony anatomy.

True

Another name for a joint is an articulation.

True

If correct penetration is used for a hand radiographic image, the bony trabeculae pattern will be demonstrated.

True

The hilum refers to:

the middle aspect of lung for bronchial entrance

The carina refers to:

the tracheal bifurcation

For the PA axial projection of the intercondylar fossa, the CR is adjusted to be perpendicular to what anatomical part?

tibia

During image evaluation of the AP/AP axial projection of the knee, what criteria would be used to determine that the patient was in the true frontal position with nolateral/medial rotation?

tibia should superimpose 1/3 - ½ of fibular head

Which joint is located more DISTALLY ‑‑ the shoulder joint or wrist joint?

wrist joint

Specifically, where is the CR directed for the AP projection of the ankle?

½" distal to mid-point of intermalleolar plane

To what point is the CR directed for the AP/AP Axial projection of the knee?

½" distal to patellar apex

A deep depression on the border of a bone is called ______.

notch

An opening in the bone for the transmission of blood vessels is called ______.

notch

What proximal and distal anatomy must be included for views of the forearm when the pain is at the mid-point of the radius?

olecranon process & proximal carpals

When positioning the patient for the AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in external rotation, how should the plane between the humeral epicondyles be alignedwith the IR?

parallel

What relationship should the plane between the humeral epicondyles have with the IR for the A.P. projection of the humerus?

parallel to IR

The CR should pass through what joint when doing the Settegast Method of the patella?

patellofemoral joint

When adjusting the patient for the lateral position of the elbow, how is the plane between the humeral epicondyles adjusted to the IR?

perpendicular to IR

What are the individual bones of the digits/fingers called?

phalanges

Which description relates to the MID‑AXILLARY PLANE?

plane dividing the body into equal front and back halves

Which description relates to the MID-SAGITTAL PLANE?

plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves

Which description relates to the MID-TRANSVERSE PLANE?

plane dividing the body into equal upper and lower halves

The BOTTOM SURFACE OF THE FOOT is also known as the:

plantar surface

When performing the PA axial projection of the intercondylar fossa, the central ray should be directed to what entrance point?

popliteal fossa

Why must the central ray be angled for the lateral projection of the knee joint?

project medial condyle onto lateral condyle

According to Merrill's text, in what position is the hand placed for the medial oblique of the elbow?

pronated

What term is used to describe the part of an extremity that is CLOSEST TO THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT?

proximal

To what joint is the central ray directed for radiographic imaging of the finger?

proximal interphalangeal joint

The medial oblique position of the knee opens which articulation (other than the knee joint)?

proximal tibiofibular joint

What breathing method is preferred for the Transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder?

quiet breathing

How many lobes make up each of the lungs?

right - 3; left - 2

The hemi-diaphragm of which lung is positioned higher toward the anterior aspect of the patient, and lower toward the posterior aspect of the patient?

right lung

When the abdomen is divided into the four-quadrant system, the liver would predominantly be located in which quadrant?

right upper quadrant

The ulnar deviation position of the wrist best demonstrates which carpal bone?

scaphoid

What breathing method should be utilized during radiography of the humerus?

suspended breathing

What breathing method is used for all routine shoulder views?

suspended on exhalation

What anatomical structure should be included on the bottom of the radiographic image for an AP projection of the abdomen?

symphysis pubis

Which articulation should be demonstrated on the plantodorsal axial projection of the heel?

talocalcaneal joint

When performing the mortise view of the ankle, the foot is adjusted @ 90 degrees to the lower leg to open up which articulation?

talotibial plane

What is the PROJECTION TERM used when the CR (central ray) skims the surface of the body part?

tangential projection

What angulation of the central ray is required for an AP/AP axial projection of the knee if the measurement from the ASIS to the tabletop is 24cm?

Which bones of the foot are located proximal to the metatarsals?

1 - 3 cuneiforms

To what point is the central ray directed for the AP projection of the shoulder?

1" distal to coracoid process

To what point is the central ray directed for the lateral projection of the knee?

1" distal to femoral epicondyles

The PA oblique projection of the hand with the ulnar aspect resting on the IR best demonstrates which metacarpals?

1st & 2nd metacarpals

What degree of knee flexion is recommended for the lateral projection of the knee when there is a question of effusion?

10 - 15°

What is the optimum kV to be selected for the PA projection of the chest (with grid)?

100 - 150 kVp

What phosphor cassette size is typically used for "forearm"?

14" x 17"

The Settegast Method requires that the CR be directed at what angle to the plane of the lower leg?

15 - 20°

What is the centering point for an AP projection of the scapula?

2" distal to coracoid process

What degree of knee flexion is recommended for the routine lateral projection of the knee?

20 - 30°

How many bones are there in the adult human body?

206

If 75 mAs is typically used for an AP projection of the scapula, which technical factors should be selected if the patient is cooperative and you request that the patient use the quiet breathing technique?

25 mA @ 3 seconds

The medial oblique position of the foot demonstrates which metatarsal(s) free of superimposition?

3 - 5 metatarsals

For the oblique position of the toes, the plane of the foot is adjusted how many degrees from the plane of the IR?

30°

The inferosuperior axial projection/Lawrence Method of the shoulder requires the central ray be directed how many degrees in the medial direction?

30°

To which specific anatomical point is the central ray directed for the PA projection of the hand?

3rd metacarpophalangeal joint

To what joint is the CR directed for the AP axial projection of "toes" (to include entire toe area)?

3rd metatarsophalangeal joint

For the PA axial projection of the intercondylar fossa, the lower leg should form what angle with the plane of the IR?

40 - 50°

If 60 mAs is typically used for an AP projection of the scapula, which technical factors should be selected if the patient is uncooperative and/or refuses to maintain a stationary position?

400 mA @ 3/20 second

What degree and direction of central ray angulation is required for the plantodorsal axial projection of the heel?

40° cephalad

How much is the arm rotated for the oblique positions of the elbow?

45 degrees

For the AP oblique projection/Grashey Method of the shoulder, approximately what degree of body rotation is required?

45°

What angle does the wrist form with the plane of the IR for the oblique position of the wrist?

45°

What degree of rotation is required for the oblique positions of the knee joint?

45°

What is the CR angulation routinely required for the lateral projection of the knee?

5 - 7° cephalad

The optimum kV for a PA projection of the hand is:

55 kVp

What is the name of the fracture type in which a piece of the bone is pulled away from the main bone by the contraction of a muscle?

Avulsion Fracture

What is the PROJECTION TERM used when the central ray is angled toward either the foot end or head end of the patient?

Axial Projection

To what point is the CR directed for the AP axial projection of the "foot"?

Base of 3rd metatarsal

What is the central ray entrance point for the plantodorsal axial projection of the heel?

Base of 3rd metatarsal

What is the name of fracture type in which the bone is fragmented into many smaller segments?

Comminuted Fracture

What is the name of the fracture type that occurs in children when one side of the bone remains intact while the opposite side of the bone buckles/breaks?

Greenstick Fracture

What PROJECTION TERM would apply to this situation? A patient is lying down on his right side on top of the x-ray table; the IR is placed on the x-ray table with the outside of the lower leg adjacent to the IR; the x-ray beam enters the inside of the patient's leg.

Mediolateral projection

Indicate the routine view(s) for a "hand" series when the clinical data indicates "bone age study".

PA projection

When adjusting the patient for the lateral position of the lower leg, what guideline is used to align the lower leg correctly?

Plane between epicondyles perpendicular to IR

Movement of a part (usually an extremity) AWAY FROM THE CENTER OF THE BODY is called:

abduction

Turning/twisting the foot at the ankle joint in the OUTWARD DIRECTION is called:

abduction

What is the name of the protuberance on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle?

adductor tubercle

Within what specific lung anatomy does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?

alveolae

Referring to the PROXIMAL HUMERUS, what is the name of the diagonal area immediately distal to the humeral head?

anatomical neck

What is meant by SID?

source to image receptor distance

When evaluating accurate positioning of the patient on the Transthoracic lateral projection of the shoulder, the proximal humerus should be seen through the thorax between which 2 structures?

sternum & thoracic spine

The majority of the population "fits" into which two body habitus categories?

sthenic & hyposthenic

A patient positioned in the DORSAL RECUMBENT POSITION would be:

supine

Why should the shoulders be rotated forward for the PA projection of the chest?

to move the scapulae laterally away from the lung fields

The AP oblique projection of the wrist done with the arm resting on the ulnar surface best demonstrates which specific carpal bones?

triangular, pisiform & hamate

Referring to the DISTAL HUMERUS, what is the name of the smooth, curved area located on the lower aspect of the medial humeral condyle that articulates with the coronoid process?

trochlea

What is another term used to describe the FRONT SURFACE OF THE BODY?

ventral surface

The PALM OF THE HAND is also known as the:

ventral surface anterior surface

What is another name for the medial border of the scapula?

vertebral border

What vertical distance should be measured to the IR in order to maintain 40" SID when angling for the axial projection of the heel?

vertical measurement - 30"


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