Raven - Ch. 7 Review Questions

Which bond is the most energy stored in ATP?

in the 3rd phosphate bond

in glycolysis, is removing Hydrogen a process of oxidation or reduction?

Oxidation (removes H, adds O)

What is the role of NAD⁺ in the process of cellular respiration? a. It functions as an electron carrier. b. It functions as an enzyme. c. It is the final electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. d. It is a nucleotide source for the synthesis of ATP.

a. It functions as an electron carrier.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the oxidation of pyruvate? a. Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the cytoplasm. b. Pyruvate oxidation only occurs if oxygen is present. c. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA. d. Pyruvate oxidation results in the production of NADH.

a. Pyruvate oxidation occurs in the cytoplasm.

alcohol fermentation

anaerobic (no Oxygen) glucose will produce ATP, CO2, Alcohol.

1. Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding cellular respiration? a. Enzymes catalyze reactions that transfer electrons. b. Electrons have a higher potential energy at the end of the process. c. Carbon dioxide gas is a by-product. d. The process involves multiple redox reactions.

b. Electrons have a higher potential energy at the end of the process.

Why is fermentation an important metabolic function in cells? a. It generates glucose for the cell in the absence of O₂. b. It oxidizes NADH to NAD⁺. c. It oxidizes pyruvate. d. It produces ATP.

b. It oxidizes NADH to NAD⁺.

Yeast cells that have mutations in genes that encode enzymes in glycolysis can still grow on glycerol. They are able to utilize glycerol because it: a. enters glycolysis after the step affected by the mutation. b. can feed into the Krebs cycle and generate ATP via electron transport and chemiosmosis. c. can be utilized by fermentation. d. can donate electrons directly to the electron transport chain.

b. can feed into the Krebs cycle and generate ATP via electron transport and chemiosmosis.

A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria would: a. stop the movement of electrons down the electron transport chain. b. stop ATP synthesis. c. stop the Krebs cycle. d. all of the above.

b. stop ATP synthesis.

The direct source of energy for the ATP produced by ATP synthase comes from: a. the electron transport chain. b. the proton gradient. c. substrate-level phosphorylation. d. the oxidation reactions occurring during respiration.

b. the proton gradient.

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis? a. ATP b. Pyruvate c. CO₂ d. NADH

c. CO₂

The electrons carried by NADH and FADH₂ can be: a. pumped into the intermembrane space. b. transferred to the ATP synthase. c. moved between proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. d. transported into the matrix of the mitochondrion.

c. moved between proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Glycolysis produces ATP by: a. phosphorylating organic molecules in the priming reactions. b. the production of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. c. substrate-level phosphorylation. d. the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH.

c. substrate-level phosphorylation.

glycolysis-accounting of energy

cost of 2 ATP, return of 4 ATP. Net gain of 2 ATP.

Which of the following processes is (are) required for the complete oxidation of glucose? a. The Krebs cycle b. Glycolysis c. Pyruvate oxidation d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Can cellular respiration occur in the absence of O₂? a. No, O₂ is necessary as the final electron acceptor. b. No, anaerobic organisms only need glycolysis and fermentation. c. Yes, because oxygen can be generated by splitting H₂O. d. Yes, but it requires an alternative to O₂ as a final electron acceptor.

d. Yes, but it requires an alternative to O₂ as a final electron acceptor.

An autotroph is an organism that: a. extracts energy from organic sources. b. converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy. c. relies on the energy produced by other organisms as an energy source. d. does both a and b.

d. does both a and b.

The reactions of the Krebs cycle occur in the: a. inner membrane of the mitochondria. b. intermembrane space of the mitochondria. c. cytoplasm. d. matrix of the mitochondria.

d. matrix of the mitochondria.

kinase

enzyme involved in phosphorylation of ATP

lactic acid fermentation

glucose produces ATP, Lactic Acid.

is releasing energy a process of oxidation or reduction?

oxidation (is exergonic)

in the process of reduction, is Oxygen added or removed?

removed (gains H)

in the process of reduction, is energy released or stored?

stored (gains electron)