READ Final Exam

What is the correct phoneme segmentation for wake?

/w/ /a/ /ke/

How many words do most children acquire in their vocabulary during the first five years of life?

10,000

By what age are children using complex sentences to form questions?

3-4

How much time each day should a teacher spend on teaching a variety of writing strategies and student practice?

30 minutes

How should the time spent on fluency instruction be divided between explicit instruction and reading practice?

30/70

What is the optimum number of children for small group instruction?

4-8

What percentage of reading material is incomprehensible to students in 4th grade who read below grade level?

40%

Which is the recommended sequence for daily fluency instruction?

5-9 minutes of explicit instruction followed by 15-20 minutes of reading practice

The knowledge of the names and sounds associated with printed letters refers to which early literacy skill?

Alphabet knowledge

Which of the following is NOT a research-supported strategy for focused instruction?

Analyzing the sociocultural context

When designing a writing center, where should the area for silent sustained writing be located?

Away from other students so the area remains quiet

In kindergarten, which tasks have the greatest impact on reading acquisition?

Blending and segmenting

Correct text phrasing can be referred to as

Chunking

Which evidence-based teaching practice is matched with the correct component of comprehension?

Click or clunk and metacognition

The constructivist theory of oral language development links language with

Cognitive development

In reading fluency, which component of reading suffers if a student struggles with decoding?

Comprehension

If a student is fitting a new word into a sentence blank or classifying the word with other words he/she is engaging in

Comprehension processing

Which of the following is NOT true about phonological awareness and phonemic awareness instruction?

Curiosity and interaction among children should not be encouraged

What are two activities that help develop heuristic language?

Debates, producing print or televised commercials

Which practice refers to responding to the specific needs of every child?

Differentiated instruction

What is the correct definition of explicit instruction?

Direct, unambiguous teaching

What is needed to enhance literacy learning in children with underdeveloped language and in English language learners?

Early and intensive intervention

In which stage of writing do children begin to use letters to represent words?

Early phonemic stage

According to research, oral language is a significant predictor of a child's success in

Early reading and comprehension

Which term implies that children begin to become literate at birth and continue to develop literacy throughout life?

Emergent literacy

What are the two forms of language?

Expressive and receptive

The three functions of language are conceptual, interpersonal, and

Factual

Reading fluency guarantees reading comprehension.

False

Which rubric is used to assess the overall quality of the writing rather than specific components of writing?

Holistic scoring rubrics

What type of text offers a greater frequency of new and unique vocabulary?

Informational and expository texts

According to the social interactionist theory, for the zone of proximal development to be successful there must be a joint task with what type of interaction?

Learner/expert

What are graphemes?

Letters

Which type of vocabulary is the largest?

Listening

Which term refers to the act of monitoring one's own comprehension of text and then taking corrective action?

Metacognition

Which of the following is NOT a stage of writing development?

Motor refinement stage

Which skill refers to stretching out a spoken word to say each sound heard in the word?

Oral segmenting

Hearing the same sound in different words refers to

Phoneme identity

Which element of phonology has been shown to have the greatest impact on early phonics instruction and writing?

Phonemic awareness

What is the component of language that refers to sounds in speech?

Phonology

All of the following are learning activities that promote word consciousness, except

Repeated readings

The construction phase of the construction-integration theory includes which of the following processes?

Retrieving word meanings

In which writing stage are descriptive and clear words used to create a picture in the reader's mind?

Revising and editing stage

Which method of performance reading should NOT be used in the classroom?

Round-robin reading

Which answer includes three of the Six Traits of Writing?

Sentence fluency, conventions, organization

To achieve the ideal teaching/learning environment, children should be grouped according to

Similar abilities and needs

An example of intonation would be which of the following?

Student makes noticeable pitch variations throughout communication

Which statement is true about the reading and writing process?

Students' reading and writing development will progress in identical increments

Which method for building on background knowledge is specifically designed for English learners?

Synopsis text

Which answer contains three text features that support reading comprehension and should be explicitly taught to students?

Table of contents, chapter headings, visual inserts

What is sentence structure?

The author's style of putting words together, sentence length, concept density

Specific vocabulary instruction does NOT lead to comprehension unless which of the following occurs?

The methods used are appropriate to the age and ability of the reader

Which four components are involved in reading comprehension?

The reader, the text, the activity, the situational context

What does research tell us about a teacher's instructional abilities and students' learning?

These factors are strongly related

Which level of vocabulary learning is correctly matched to its description?

Tier 1: basic speaking vocabulary

Which is the correct definition of an informative/expository writing?

To examine and present new information

The purpose of scaffolding is to

Transfer the responsibility of selecting and using comprehension strategies from the teacher to the student

In which stage of writing are words a mix of phonetic and conventional spellings?

Transitional stage

Environmental print refers to print that is frequent and commonly accessible in children's learning environments.

True

Fluency problems can be attributed to slow and inaccurate word reading or

Unfamiliar vocabulary

What early reading skill refers to the ability to visually discriminate presented symbols?

Visual processing

How are concepts of print best learned?

While examining and processing text with a teacher

If you are involving your students in reading different text types across a range of genres, you are engaging them in

Wide oral reading

The relationship between reading and writings is

complementary

All of the following are important early reading skills, concepts, and strategies except

efficiently summarizing large sections of text

What term refers to the ability to read well?

literacy

What term describes the ability to hear individual sounds in spoken words?

phonemic awareness

Reading involves cognitive and _________________ activities.

social