Reading - Key Ideas & Details

Line graph

A graph that uses line segments to show changes that occur over time

Pictograph

A graph, usually in the horizontal orientation, that uses pictures or symbols to represent the data

Summary

Accurately defines main idea of a passage Includes all significant supporting details Communicate same overall message as original text

Memo

An formal common correspondence written within an organization.

Table of contents

An ordered list of the topics in a book, along with the page numbers on which they are found. Usually located at the beginning of a book

A good topic sentence should be

Clear and no jargon

Contextual clues

Clues in a text which a reader can use to deduce the meaning of unknown words.

Identifying a logical conclusion

Combine the info given by the text with what you already know. Must be supported by the text. A logical conclusion follows directly from the text.

Supporting details

Details that help to explain the central idea/topic sentence by providing evidence

Standard measurement instrument

Fairly easily to read without practice

Signal words in direction

First, next, then, last

To follow a set of directions

First, scan instructions for special equipments/ preparations Then, complete each step before moving on to the next

Typical format of a memo

Heading-author, date, recipient Body-Message

A word is placed in italics when

It is being discussed as a word; being defined or described

Glossary

List of terms and their definitions that can be found at the back of certain types of books

Components of an ad

Listing items being sold/ sought Price range Contact information

Method to draw conclusion

Make brief notes of each of the author's main point

In order to draw a solid conclusion, readers should have

Multiple pieces of evidence

Inference

Piece of information that is implied but not written outright by the author

Directly stated information

Present in a statement that author makes an argument for or against

Each sector of a pie chart is

Proportional in size to a part of a whole

Paraphrasing

Putting into words the ideas or feelings you have perceived from the message

Unstated topic or main idea

Readers must read every sentence of text and try to come up with an overarching idea

Line graphs are best for

Showing continuous change

A pie chart is effective at

Showing how a single entity is divided into parts

Footnote

Text that is listed at the bottom of a page which lists where facts and figures within that document page were obtained

When informational text states something explicitly,

The reader is told by the author exactly what is meant,

Headings

Titles that are often bold and in a larger and different font than the body text.

Bar graphs

Use horizontal or vertical bars to contrast quantities and represent sets of numerical data

Subtopics in index

Used to narrow search under a general topic

Common mistake when making inferences

Using information beyond the provided passage

Topic/ summary sentence

Usually present at beginning of a section of text

Axis of a bar graph represents

Vertical axis-numerical quantity Horizontal axis-categories

Classified advertisements

a form of advertising which is particularly common in newspapers, online and other periodicals which may be sold or distributed free of charge.

Implicit meaning

a meaning that is suggested though not directly expressed.

Sequence

a particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other.

Subheadings

a secondary heading identifying a specific subgroup of information

Preface

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

Main point

a statement expressing a specific idea or theme related to the speech topic

Informative text

a text that informs the reader or explains something

Pie chart

a type of graph in which a circle is divided into sectors that each represent a proportion of the whole.

Index

an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed

Posted announcement

for all sorts of occasions, notices for lost pets, yard sales, and landscaping services. It must contain all of the information the reader requires to act on the message and convey the necessary information clearly.

Underlining

important for titles and important words

Symbols

objects that have meanings associated with them that are associated with a specific shape

Bold text

printed darker so that words and phrases stand out on a page, often used for emphasis and importance

Endnote

similar to footnote, but differs in the fact that is listed at the end of paragraphs and chapters of a document, instead of the bottom of each page of the document.

Topics

subject of a text or what the text is about. usually expressed in a few words

Italics

text that is slanted to the right, brings attention or emphasis to important words

Main idea

the most important or central thought of a paragraph or larger section of text, which tells the reader what the text is about

Scale

the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole

Key/ Legend

the section of a map that explains the symbols for the map features

Persuasive text

the type of writing that attempts to persuade, or convince, readers to accept a certain view or take a specific action, including speeches, arguments, editorials, letters to the editor, and opinion blog posts

Implications

things that the author does not state directly, but readers can assume based on what the author does say

Quotation marks

used when a person's direct words are quoted. put them right before and after/ to highlight names of shorter works periods and commas go INSIDE