Reformation

sack of Rome

1527 (continual fighting between Francis I & Charles V)

Henry VIII had ___ wives

6

anabaptists

wanted radical social change (denied child baptism & allowed women into ministry

Marin Luther

salvation by faith alone & Scripture is the ultimate authority

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of a) the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII b) the missionary activity of the Lollards c) the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches d) efforts by Luther and his followers e) Elizabeth I's conversion to Presbyterianism

a) the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to a) spread Protestantism b) prevent English influence from inceasing in Germany c) contain Protestantism east of the Rhine d) facilitate the Turkish attack on the Habsburgs e) keep Germany politically fragmented

e) keep Germany politically fragmented

Luther was appalled by

the peasant revolt (Thomas Munzer led)

politique

someone who puts the affairs of their country over their own

Zwinglists eventually become

Calvinist

Huguenots in France are

Calvinists

Diet of Speyer

Charles V outlawed Lutheranism

consubstantiation

Christ form is in the bread & wine but it is still just bread & wine

Phillip II of Spain sent the ____ to defeat the British

Spanish Armada

John Calvin writes

Institutes on Christian Religion (lays out his beliefs)

Marburg Colloquy

Luther & Zwingli agree to disagree about the Eucharist

Edict of Worms =

Luther is excommunicated & Fredrick of Saxony takes him into his care

In 1521, Charles V ordered Luther to appear before the a) Diet of Worms b) Council of Augsburg c) Diet of Wittenburg d) Tribunal of the Holy Office e) Court of the Holy Office

a) Diet of Worms

Martin Luther's first response to the demands made by the Swabian peasants of their lords was a) a call to the nobles to crush the peasants b) a call for the peasants to rebel c) a call for peasants and nobles to unite in a Crusade against the Turks d) a call for the confiscation of Catholic nobles' estates

a) a call to the nobles to crush the peasants

The period 1315 to 1322 is best described as a) a time of scarcity and starvation b) a time of plenty and prosperity c) stable and peaceful d) a time of civil war and bloodshed e) a time of rapid intellectual advancement

a) a time of scarcity and starvation

According to the text, how have Protestant historians tended to view the Reformation? a) as a revolutionary break with the past b) as continuous with earlier reform movements that remained within the Catholic church c) as a return to the Christianity of the late Roman Empire d) as primarily dricen by politics e) as a long-term consequence of the 1054 schism with Orthodoxy

a) as a revolutionary break with the past

The Tridentine decree Tametsi stipulated that a) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest b) each diocese had to establish a seminary c) bishops had to live in their own dioceses d) the sale of indulgences was illegal e) no church offices would be sold

a) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest

In the 15th century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as a) pluralism b) simony c) investiture d) indulgences e) councilarism

a) pluralism

All of the following were consequences of the 100 years war except a) the developement of a French national assembly b) the emerence of the English Commons as a political force c) a rise of nationalistic feeling in England and France d) economic and social dislocation e) disruption of local government in England as sheriffs went absent on campaign

a) the development of a French national assembly

The Protestant Reformation in Germany a) weakened the power of secular states b) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages c) destroyed Habsburg influence in the Europe d) helped pave the way for a unified nation e) did not take root

b) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages

Luther thought the _______ as the special domain of women a) church b) home c) public market d) convent e) pulpit

b) home

The doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following except a) belief that God is both merciful and just b) belief in salvation by faith alone c) belief that Christ and the saints established a treasury of merit d) belief that the church has the authority to grant sinners access to the treasury of merit e) the doctrine rests on all four of these principles

b) the belief in salvation by faith alone

Recent research on the English church before Henry VIII's break with Rome indicates that a) a vast gap existed between the clergy and the English people b) the church was in a very healthy condition c) conditions in England mirrored those on the continent d) clerical abuse and ignorance was worse in England that on the continent e) a majority of English Catholics were Lollards

b) the church was in a very healthy condition

Marin Luther believed in 3 sacraments

baptism Eucharist (consubstantiation) and penance

Calvinist believed

baptism communion and predestination

Augsburg Confession

basic tenants of Lutheranism

1588

beginning of English domination & Spanish decline

Mary I also called ___ is known for ___

bloody Mary, forcefully restoring Roman Catholicism

Act of Uniformity

book of common prayer (under Edward VI--Thomas Cranmer)

The Catholic Reformation, started the 1540s as a response to the Protestant Reformation, a) sought to reform the liturgy of the Catholic church b) sought to restore the conciliar movement c) sought to initiate institutional reform d) sought to stimulate a new spiritualism e) was ineffectual

c) sought to initiate institutional reform

Ulrich Zwingli attacked all of the following except a) indulgences b) monasticism c) the doctrine of the Trinity d) clerical celibacy e) the Mass

c) the doctrine of the Trinity

According to Calvin, the elect were a) the leaders of the Genevan Consistory b) the intellectual leaders of the Reformation c) those individuals chosen for salvation d) all Protestants e) the elected ministers of the church

c) those individuals chosen for salvation

During the 100 years' war, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter a) disapproved of the Babylonian Captivity b) were promised estates in England c) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts d) were economically dependent on the English wool trade e) were Lollards

c) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that a) supported the efforts of the Puritans b) emphasized personal and public religious conformity c) was a middle course beween Catholic and Protestant extremes d) favored Catholics over Protestants e) imported Scottish Presbyterianism

c) was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes

Calvin's reform movement a) was suppressed by the civil authorities in Geneva b) was restricted to Switzerland and France c) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva d) rejected any role in the secular government of Geneva e) was quickly rejected by the citizens of Geneva

c) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva

The Index was a) a list of official doctrines of the Catholic church b) a list of individuals condemned by the Roman inquisition c) the cardinals who directed the Roman inquisition d) a catalog of forbidden reading e) Luther's commentaries on the Scriptures

d) a catalog of forbidden reading

Luther viewed sex as a) an abomination b) inevitable but condemned by God c) allowed between consenting adults d) a good and natural thing within marriage e) an invention of the devil

d) a good and natural thing within marriage

Martin Luther wrote his letter entitles "95 theses" to Archbishop Albert in response to a) Luther's personal struggle with the question of salvation b) the election of Charles V c) the draining of Germany's wealth by the papacy d) a new campaign to sell indulgences e) the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome

d) a new campaign to sell indulgences

According to the text, the Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a) a mood of fatalism among Calvin's followers b) a withdrawal from the world of business and politics c) a mass exodus from the ciy of Geneva d) a fashion for astrology e) a confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation

e) a confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation

Anabaptists generally favored all of the following except a) opening the ministry to women b) religious tolerance c) self-government congregations d) pacifism e) abolition of baptism

e) abolition of baptism

Luther and Zwingli disagreed on which of the following issues? a) priestly celibacy b) the authority of Scripture c) indulgences d) monasticism e) the Eucharist

e) the Eucharist

Luther believed that the church consisted of a) the entire body of clergy b) the elect c) all those who supported his views d) the saints and Christ, not of human beings e) the entire community of Christian believers

e) the entire community of Christian believers

Peace of Augsburg

each prince could choose own religion

39 articles

framework for relations between the church and state

Sir William Cecil

important adviser to Elizabeth I

Calvin's Geneva

purpose of political system was to fulfill Christian moral law

indulgences

started by Archbishop Albert sold to reduce time in purgatory (trade in sin for merit)

Elizabeth I

takes England into the Golden Age (politique)

transubstantiation

the bread & wine are the actual body & blood of Christ