Reformation
sack of Rome
1527 (continual fighting between Francis I & Charles V)
Henry VIII had ___ wives
6
anabaptists
wanted radical social change (denied child baptism & allowed women into ministry
Marin Luther
salvation by faith alone & Scripture is the ultimate authority
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of a) the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII b) the missionary activity of the Lollards c) the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches d) efforts by Luther and his followers e) Elizabeth I's conversion to Presbyterianism
a) the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to a) spread Protestantism b) prevent English influence from inceasing in Germany c) contain Protestantism east of the Rhine d) facilitate the Turkish attack on the Habsburgs e) keep Germany politically fragmented
e) keep Germany politically fragmented
Luther was appalled by
the peasant revolt (Thomas Munzer led)
politique
someone who puts the affairs of their country over their own
Zwinglists eventually become
Calvinist
Huguenots in France are
Calvinists
Diet of Speyer
Charles V outlawed Lutheranism
consubstantiation
Christ form is in the bread & wine but it is still just bread & wine
Phillip II of Spain sent the ____ to defeat the British
Spanish Armada
John Calvin writes
Institutes on Christian Religion (lays out his beliefs)
Marburg Colloquy
Luther & Zwingli agree to disagree about the Eucharist
Edict of Worms =
Luther is excommunicated & Fredrick of Saxony takes him into his care
In 1521, Charles V ordered Luther to appear before the a) Diet of Worms b) Council of Augsburg c) Diet of Wittenburg d) Tribunal of the Holy Office e) Court of the Holy Office
a) Diet of Worms
Martin Luther's first response to the demands made by the Swabian peasants of their lords was a) a call to the nobles to crush the peasants b) a call for the peasants to rebel c) a call for peasants and nobles to unite in a Crusade against the Turks d) a call for the confiscation of Catholic nobles' estates
a) a call to the nobles to crush the peasants
The period 1315 to 1322 is best described as a) a time of scarcity and starvation b) a time of plenty and prosperity c) stable and peaceful d) a time of civil war and bloodshed e) a time of rapid intellectual advancement
a) a time of scarcity and starvation
According to the text, how have Protestant historians tended to view the Reformation? a) as a revolutionary break with the past b) as continuous with earlier reform movements that remained within the Catholic church c) as a return to the Christianity of the late Roman Empire d) as primarily dricen by politics e) as a long-term consequence of the 1054 schism with Orthodoxy
a) as a revolutionary break with the past
The Tridentine decree Tametsi stipulated that a) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest b) each diocese had to establish a seminary c) bishops had to live in their own dioceses d) the sale of indulgences was illegal e) no church offices would be sold
a) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest
In the 15th century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as a) pluralism b) simony c) investiture d) indulgences e) councilarism
a) pluralism
All of the following were consequences of the 100 years war except a) the developement of a French national assembly b) the emerence of the English Commons as a political force c) a rise of nationalistic feeling in England and France d) economic and social dislocation e) disruption of local government in England as sheriffs went absent on campaign
a) the development of a French national assembly
The Protestant Reformation in Germany a) weakened the power of secular states b) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages c) destroyed Habsburg influence in the Europe d) helped pave the way for a unified nation e) did not take root
b) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages
Luther thought the _______ as the special domain of women a) church b) home c) public market d) convent e) pulpit
b) home
The doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following except a) belief that God is both merciful and just b) belief in salvation by faith alone c) belief that Christ and the saints established a treasury of merit d) belief that the church has the authority to grant sinners access to the treasury of merit e) the doctrine rests on all four of these principles
b) the belief in salvation by faith alone
Recent research on the English church before Henry VIII's break with Rome indicates that a) a vast gap existed between the clergy and the English people b) the church was in a very healthy condition c) conditions in England mirrored those on the continent d) clerical abuse and ignorance was worse in England that on the continent e) a majority of English Catholics were Lollards
b) the church was in a very healthy condition
Marin Luther believed in 3 sacraments
baptism Eucharist (consubstantiation) and penance
Calvinist believed
baptism communion and predestination
Augsburg Confession
basic tenants of Lutheranism
1588
beginning of English domination & Spanish decline
Mary I also called ___ is known for ___
bloody Mary, forcefully restoring Roman Catholicism
Act of Uniformity
book of common prayer (under Edward VI--Thomas Cranmer)
The Catholic Reformation, started the 1540s as a response to the Protestant Reformation, a) sought to reform the liturgy of the Catholic church b) sought to restore the conciliar movement c) sought to initiate institutional reform d) sought to stimulate a new spiritualism e) was ineffectual
c) sought to initiate institutional reform
Ulrich Zwingli attacked all of the following except a) indulgences b) monasticism c) the doctrine of the Trinity d) clerical celibacy e) the Mass
c) the doctrine of the Trinity
According to Calvin, the elect were a) the leaders of the Genevan Consistory b) the intellectual leaders of the Reformation c) those individuals chosen for salvation d) all Protestants e) the elected ministers of the church
c) those individuals chosen for salvation
During the 100 years' war, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter a) disapproved of the Babylonian Captivity b) were promised estates in England c) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts d) were economically dependent on the English wool trade e) were Lollards
c) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that a) supported the efforts of the Puritans b) emphasized personal and public religious conformity c) was a middle course beween Catholic and Protestant extremes d) favored Catholics over Protestants e) imported Scottish Presbyterianism
c) was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes
Calvin's reform movement a) was suppressed by the civil authorities in Geneva b) was restricted to Switzerland and France c) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva d) rejected any role in the secular government of Geneva e) was quickly rejected by the citizens of Geneva
c) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva
The Index was a) a list of official doctrines of the Catholic church b) a list of individuals condemned by the Roman inquisition c) the cardinals who directed the Roman inquisition d) a catalog of forbidden reading e) Luther's commentaries on the Scriptures
d) a catalog of forbidden reading
Luther viewed sex as a) an abomination b) inevitable but condemned by God c) allowed between consenting adults d) a good and natural thing within marriage e) an invention of the devil
d) a good and natural thing within marriage
Martin Luther wrote his letter entitles "95 theses" to Archbishop Albert in response to a) Luther's personal struggle with the question of salvation b) the election of Charles V c) the draining of Germany's wealth by the papacy d) a new campaign to sell indulgences e) the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
d) a new campaign to sell indulgences
According to the text, the Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a) a mood of fatalism among Calvin's followers b) a withdrawal from the world of business and politics c) a mass exodus from the ciy of Geneva d) a fashion for astrology e) a confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
e) a confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
Anabaptists generally favored all of the following except a) opening the ministry to women b) religious tolerance c) self-government congregations d) pacifism e) abolition of baptism
e) abolition of baptism
Luther and Zwingli disagreed on which of the following issues? a) priestly celibacy b) the authority of Scripture c) indulgences d) monasticism e) the Eucharist
e) the Eucharist
Luther believed that the church consisted of a) the entire body of clergy b) the elect c) all those who supported his views d) the saints and Christ, not of human beings e) the entire community of Christian believers
e) the entire community of Christian believers
Peace of Augsburg
each prince could choose own religion
39 articles
framework for relations between the church and state
Sir William Cecil
important adviser to Elizabeth I
Calvin's Geneva
purpose of political system was to fulfill Christian moral law
indulgences
started by Archbishop Albert sold to reduce time in purgatory (trade in sin for merit)
Elizabeth I
takes England into the Golden Age (politique)
transubstantiation
the bread & wine are the actual body & blood of Christ