Reformation Review
Martin Luther rejected good works as vital to salvation. What doctrine did he adopt instead?
"justification by faith alone"
Martin Luther rejected priests as vital to salvation. What doctrine did he adopt instead?
"the priesthood of all believers"
Translate the Latin phrase: cuius regio, eius religio. In what treaty does this phrase appear?
"whose region, his religion" or "his region, his religion"; The Peace of Augsburg
Name a famous hymn, still often sung in Protestant churches today, by Martin Luther.
A Mighty Fortress Is Our God
Who were the perpetrators of the "original sin?"
Adam and Eve
The Dominican friar, Johann Tetzel helped spark the Protestant Reformation by his sale of indulgences in Germany. This sale was result of:
Albert of Mainz´s need for funds to repay the debt incurred in buy his archbishop
Name the best known of the radical Protestant sects of the 16th century?
Anabaptism
Religious radicalism in the 26th century is most evident in:
Anabaptism
Dissenters or Non-Conformists refused to attend the religious services of what religion?
Anglicanism
Under the Elizabethan Settlement of 1558:
Anglicanism became the official state religion of Britain
Who is the best known female artist of the early Baroque style?
Artemisia Gentileschi
Where did the popes reside during The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy?
Avignon in France
Art style most associated with the post-Tridentine church
Baroque
The name of this style of European art is derived from a French word meaning "odd":
Baroque
What art style originated in Rome during the Catholic Counter Reformation?
Baroque
Artemisia Gentileschi was a prominent female artist whose works are classified as examples of:
Baroque art
Protestant sect most influential in motvating the Catholic church to convene the Council of Trent in 1545
Calvinism
Name the French minister and cleric who supported the Protestants in this war.
Cardinal Richelieu
Who was the wife of Henry II of France and the mother of his sons?
Catherine de Médicis
Who was King Henry VIII's first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
Is the doctrine of free will associated principally with Catholicism or Protestantism?
Catholicism
Name the Holy Roman Emperor who outlawed Martin Luther.
Charles V
The most powerful ruler at the time of the Reformation, who held the titles of Holy Roman Emperor , King of Spain and Emperor of Austria was:
Charles V
Name the pope whose inept political intrigues led to the Sack of Rome in 1527.
Clement VII
The 16th century religious wars which had plagued France largely ended with the:
Edict of Nantes
Name King Henry VIII's son and successor.
Edward VI
Name the greatest of the north European humanists, the author of The Praise of Folly.
Erasmus
What literary work elevated the victims of Queen Mary's persecution to the status of martyrs?
Foxe's Book of Martyrs
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre occurred in 1572 in:
France
Did not occur during the Thirty Years War
France supported the Hapsburgs in their attempt to promote Catholicism in Europe
The major political opponent of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was:
Francis I of France
Name the three sons and successors of Henry II of France in the order of their succession.
Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III
What German prince was Martin Luther's principal protector for a time?
Frederick III (Frederick the Wise) of Saxony
What term is often used to refer to the French national church?
Gallicanism
John Calvin established himself as leader of:
Geneva
The Letters of Obscure Men, published in Germany in 1515, supported
German nationalism
In what regions were peasant revolts ruthlessly suppressed during the 16th century?
Germany
This composer was name by the Council of Trent as the official reformer of Catholic liturgical music:
Giovanni Palestrina
Name the Catholic reformer of Florence who advocated the "Bonfire of the Vanities."
Girolamo Savonarola
Reformer, dictator, Catholic puritan, instigator of the "bonfire of the vanities" in Florence:
Girolamo Savonarola
Which French king legalized Calvinism in France?
Henry IV
"Paris is worth a mass" is a quote ascribed to:
Henry IV of France
The three candidates for the emperorship of the Holy Roman Empire in 1519 were:
Henry VII of England, Charles I of Spain, Francis I of France
Name the English king responsible for the English Reformation.
Henry VIII
The immediate cause of the Protestant Reformation in England was
Henry VIII's intention to divorce Catherine of Aragon
"In your counsel-giving unto his Grace, ever tell him what he ought to do, but never what he is able to do.. For if a lion knew his own strength, hard were it for any man to rule him." This bit of advice, given to Thomas Cromwell, is in reference to:
Henry VIII´s attack upon papal authority
Did not contribute to Pope Clement VII's refusal to grant Henry VIII an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon:
Henry had refused to pay a bribe demanded by Clement
What were French Calvinists of the 16thmcentury called?
Huguenots
Not true of the Edict of Nantes (1598)
It was revoked by Louis XIV
Baroque music, art, and architecture emerged as "an artistic expression of the Counter-Reformation" at the end of the 16th century in:
Italy
Name an early Baroque artist from Italy, France and Flanders.
Italy: A. Carracci or G. Bernini; France: Nicolas Poussin; Flanders: Peter Paul Rubens
Name the Czech reformer burned at the stake at the Council of Constance.
Jan Hus
Name the pardoner whose activities near Wittenberg provoked Luther's anger.
Johann Tetzel
The individual who probably did most to spark the Protestant Reformation in Germany was:
Johann Tetzel
"All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation; and accordingly, as each has been created for one or the other of these ends, we say that he has been predestined to life or death..." This statement reflects a fundamental doctrine put forward by:
John Calvin
The fundamental concepts of English Puritanism derived from the doctrines of:
John Calvin
Who wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion?
John Calvin
Name the father of Scottish Calvinism.
John Knox
Who first translated the Bible into English?
John Wycliffe
Name the so-called "Warrior Pope."
Julius II
Name Martin Luther's wife.
Katherine von Bora
Name the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther.
Leo X
These Protestants believed that human liberty was a spiritual attribute of the human condition, not a political attribute:
Lutherans
Name the German cleric generally acknowledged as the father of Protestantism.
Martin Luther
The English author of Utopia was:
More
What German city was briefly seized by Anabaptists in the early 16th century
Münster
When Martin Luther wrote "the fool wants to turn the whole art of astronomy upside down," he was referring to:
Nicholas Copernicus
Like his father before him, this monarch's goal was a united Catholic Christendom in the 16th century
Philip II
Name the king and pope whose dispute precipitated The Babylonian Captivity.
Philip IV of France (Philip the Fair) and Pope Boniface VIII
Name the author of the Augsburg Confession, the first coherent Lutheran creed.
Philip Melanchthon
What were English Calvinists who emigrated called in the 16th and 17th centuries
Pilgrims
Name the Scottish form of Calvinism.
Presbyterianism
Is the doctrine of predestination associated principally with Catholicism or Protestantism?
Protestantism
Not a result of the Treaty of Westphalia
Protestantism became the officially acknowledged religion of Europe
What were English Calvinists who remained in England called in the 16th and 17th centuries
Puritans
Although he was a Roman Catholic, which individual was most like John Calvin in his attempts to reform church and society:
Savonarola
The Henrican reaffirmation of Catholic theology was made in the:
Six Articles of Faith
In which nation were Protestants least successful in spreading their new faith:
Spain
The only European nation which seriously undertook a program of church reform prior to the 16th century was
Spain
Name the largest church in the world and the center of the Roman Catholic faith.
St. Peter's Basilica
What act mandated the use of The Book of Common Prayer in all Anglican Churches?
The Act of Uniformity
Not part of the Counter-Reformation
The Augsburg Confession
The Winter King was
The Elector Frederick
The "principle of territoriality," a legimate ruler's right to determine the faith of his subjects, was an idea embodied in
The Peace of Augsburg
The response of the Catholic church to the Reformation was delayed because:
The papacy feared the remnants of the Conciliar Movement within its own ranks
Elizabeth I of England attempted to quiet religious controversies in her realm through a compromise creed of faith known as the:
Thirty-nine articles
The leaders of the Protestant Reformation have been divided by some contemporary Reformation historians into a right wing and left wing. Who was a major figure of the Left Wing?
Thomas Munzer
Name the author of The Imitation of Christ.
Thomas à Kempis
Name the founder and first director of the Spanish Inquisition.
Tomas de Torquemada
The first Swiss Protestant reformer was:
Ulrich Zwingli
Name the two principal leaders of the Swiss Reformation.
Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin
Was not a factor in the spread of literacy during the 15th and 16th centuries:
a decline in the use of Latin
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre was:
a slaughter of thousands of French Protestants
Name four common but rarely punished ecclesiastical crimes of the Reformation era.
absenteeism, nepotism, pluralism, simony
In the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire consisted of:
almost 300 German cities or principalites, Austria and Bohemia, whose Emperor was elected by seven Electors
The Diet of Worms was:
an Imperial council that condemned Martin Luther for refusing to recant
Not a factor which contributed to the northern European Protestant Reformation of the 16th century
an intellectual inferiority, compared to the accomplishments of southern Europeans
The Holy Roman Emperor was originally
any ruler who defended the Catholic church and Catholic lands
In the 16th century, the Schmalkaldic League was organized:
by German Protestant princes to oppose Emperor Charles V
The Counter-Reformation was
characterized by papal correction of clerical abuses and by opposition to Protestantism
What is the collective term for church officials? for ordinary believers?
clergy; laity
What is the term for a secret meeting of cardinals for the purpose of electing a new pope? 14-RR-2
conclave 14-RR-4
What is the term for an agreement between a monarch and a pope?
concordat
Give the Lutheran term for God's presence at the Eucharist.
consubstantiation
Ulrich Zwingli was instrumental in fostering the 16th century Protestant Reformation by
converting the Swiss cantons in the 1520's
Henry VIII of England was awarded the title of defender of the Faith by the pope for his:
criticism of Luteranism
Calvinist laws prohibited:
dancing and gambiling
A major purpose of the Jesuits was
defense of papal authority
In the early years of the 16th century, calls for reform of the Roman Catholic church centers least upon:
doctrinal errors
Resulted from the English Reformation:
establishment of the English monarch as head of the Church of England
Which of the following most accurately states Martin Luther's basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation:
faith is key to salvation
What did Calvin teach about salvation:
he believed in predestination
Not a reason Martin Luther was excommunicated by the Catholic church
he taught that religion was simply the church's tool for gaining political control over Europe
What term refers to religious beliefs which are considered incorrect, improper and dangerous?
heresy
Not a factor in the success of Luther's religious movement
his support of the new scientific cosmology of Nicholas Copernicus
The specific subject addressed by Martin Luther in his Ninety-Five Theses was:
indulgences
What were pardons for sin commonly called during the Reformation era?
indulgences
Not true of the Edict of Nantes
it banned Huguenot military forces and fortresses
One of the main defects of the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 was that:
it did not provide for recognition of Calvinists
Statement that most accurately reflects the theme of Martin Luther's "Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation"?
it encouraged religious and political defection from the Catholic church
Calvinism is sometimes termed a theocratic religion because
it permitted only Calvinists to hold political offices
The Peace of Augsburg of 1555 is important because
it recognized religious duality within the Holy Roman Empire
obsessed with the idea of his own sinfulness, Martin Luther finally concluded that:
it was by faith alone that humans could achieve salvation
Not true about 16th century Calvanism
its hierarchical structure strictly limited the laity´s participation in church affairs
True statement of the Council of Trent
its reforms came too late to fully reverse the Protestant tide
The success of the 16th century Protestant Reformation was assured principally by
local civil authorities
In the 16th century, the work entitled In Defense of the Seven Sacraments:
made king Henry VIII of England appear to be a protector of Catholic orthodoxy
What two terms refer to a radical Protestant belief in an imminent apocalypse?
millenarianism and millennialism
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the theme of Martin Luther's On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church:
most of the sacraments are not important to proper religious observance
What term refers to the belief that man can communicate with God directly?
mysticism
The Weber Thesis attempted to draw connections between the rise of Calvinism and the rise of:
nation-states
Observation concerning the 16th century English reformation
not until the reign of Edward VI were substantial Protestant reforms introduced
What term refers to religious beliefs which are considered correct and proper?
orthodoxy
Was not part of the Catholic Counter-Reformation:
papal compromises with Lutheran and Calvinist leaders
During the Reformation, Anabaptism drew its members mostly from the ranks of the:
peasantry
The Edict of Nantes
permitted religious toleration to French Protestants
Most influential in the spread of Protestantism in 16th century Europe:
printing presses
Where do Catholics believe souls go after death, before their entry into heaven?
purgatory
The Peace of Augsburg
recognized a secular leader's right to determine the religion of his subjects
The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years War was to:
reduce the power of the Hapsburgs
As a result of the Peace of Augsburgs (1555)
religious dissidents were compelled to convert to the ruler's religion or to emigrate
Luther's teachings included:
salvation by faith alone, the equal merit of all vocations, the authority of the Bible
Name the act which made the British monarch the head of the Anglican Church.
the Act of Supremacy
Name two reformist associations founded by Gerhard Groote in the Netherlands in the 1300's.
the Brethren of the Common Life and the Sisters of the Common Life
What do historians call the papacy's belated reaction to Protestantism?
the Catholic Counter Reformation
At what meeting did Luther and Zwingli attempt, unsuccessfully, to unite their movements?
the Colloquy of Marburg
Name the Church council which brought the Great Schism to an end.
the Council of Constance
Name the assembly of Catholic clerics formed to combat Protestantism.
the Council of Trent
What assembly of German princes condemned Luther in 1521?
the Diet of Worms
Name the royal decree which made Calvinism legal in France in 1598.
the Edict of Nantes
Best summarizes the political consequences of Luther's split with Rome:
the German princes allied themselves with Martin Luther against Emperor and Pope
From the 900's to the 1800's German lands were part of what empire?
the Holy Roman Empire
Name the Catholic court established to combat heresy.
the Inquisition
Name the monastic order whose members thought of themselves as "soldiers of Christ."
the Jesuit Order, Jesuits or Society of Jesus
What treaty made Lutheranism legal in the Holy Roman Empire?
the Peace of Augsburg
Name the rebellion which followed Henry VIII's suppression of England's monasteries.
the Pilgrimage of Grace
The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which
the Roman Catholic church reformed itself
Name the alliance of German Protestant princes organized to oppose Emperor Charles V.
the Schmalkaldic League
Name the act which formally established the Anglican Church or Church of England.
the Six Articles
What event marred the marriage of Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois?
the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Name the last and worst of the European religious wars of the Reformation era.
the Thirty Years' War
Name the act which embodied the Elizabethan Settlement and made Anglicanism Protestant.
the Thirty-Nine Articles
Give the term for the Catholic Latin Bible.
the Vulgate
Idea generally embraced by Protestant reformers of the 16th century
the authority of the scriptures
One consequence of King Henry VIII's formation of the Church of England was
the dismantling of some Catholic monasteries in England
Perhaps the most important obstacle to Charles V's efforts to achieve Catholic unity within his Holy Roman Empire was
the multi-national composition of the Holy Roman Empire
The principle of "cius regio, eius religio," which was incorporated into the peace settlement at the end of the Thirty Years WAR, signified:
the power of monarchs to dictate the religion of their state or principality
Which of these inventions was contributed most to Martin Luther's success in Northern Europe:
the printing press
What are the seven chief rituals of the Catholic Church called?
the sacraments
The Knight's War of 1522 was motivated by
the seizure of Catholic lands in France
The English Reformation resulted in
the substitution of King for pope as head of the Church of England
Foxe's Book of Martyrs was written in reaction to:
the suppression of Protestantism in England under Mary I
The main reason popes made concessions to the French and Spanish monarchs between 1482 and 1516 was
to enlist their support against leaders of the Conciliar Movement
Give the Catholic term for the magical transformation of the wine and bread of the Eucharist.
transubstantiation
The Colloquy of Marburg of 1529
was a debate between Luther and Sqingli which resulted in a Protestant schism