Religion Ch. 5 - Conquest and Exile: A Remnant Returns

What notorious king began the persecution of Jews who refused to convert to Greek forms of worship?

Antiochus IV who called himself Epiphanes-Greek for "God Manifest."

The time the people of Judah spent as captives in Babylon.

Exile

Once the Temple was again in Jewish hands, it was purified and re-dedicated to God. This act is celebrated to this day by the Jews with the feast of...

Hanukkah

What happened when Manasseh was taken away by the Assyrians?

He prayed and came to know that the Lord was God.

This reforming king returned Judah temporarily to the pure worship of God.

Hezekiah

Greek for "witness." One who dies for the sake of faith in God.

Martyr

The population of this northern tribes in Galilee was not deported with the rest of Israel.

Zebulun

What truths can be determined from the Books of Maccabees?

"Israel" is the faithful remnant, the saints who die will rise again to an eternal reward, martyrdom is preferable to apostacy, God judges his people as a father judges his children, and it is good and wise to pray for the dead.

From what two major deficiencies would the Second Temple suffer?

1.)It was not as magnificent as Solomon's temple, 2.)It lacked the presence of the Ark of the Covenant

This Greek conqueror spread his empire as far as India, which spread Greek culture throughout the known world.

Alexander the Great

The Persian Empire was conquered by ____________________________ who was the son of _______________.

Alexander the Great, Philip II

A language closely related to Hebrew that was spoken throughout the Middle East.

Aramaic

This Jewish high priest declared himself king in Jerusalem. He was a Levite rather than a descendant of David.

Aristobulus

The conquered people of Judah were taken captive to this imperial city by Nebuchadnezzar.

Babylon

What choice did John Hyrcanus offer all the non-Jewish residents in his territory?

Be circumcised or leave.

Why was Herod called "the Great"?

Because his reign was so prosperous in comparison with the reigns of his successors. (He kept a stable economy.)

Why was circumcision so important?

Because it meant taking on the whole Law of Moses with all of its rituals and requirements.

This Persian king conquered Babylon and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.

Cyrus

When were many books of the Old Testament edited in their final forms?

During the Babylonian Exile.

Where did the remnant of Judah flee after the leading citizens had been deported to Babylon?

Egypt

This scribe led the returned exiles in Jerusalem and compiled the standard edition of the Old Testament.

Ezra

Who edited the standard version of the Torah after the return from exile?

Ezra.

T or F? After the Maccabean Revolt, all of the Jews who had been dispersed throughout the known world came back to the Holy Land.

False

T or F? During the time of the Maccabees, one of David's descendants was again on the throne of Israel.

False

T or F? During the time of the Maccabees, there was a strict separation between church and state.

False

T or F? Roman bureaucracy and red tape made travel through the Empire difficult.

False

T or F? The Roman Empire held Palestine as one of its most favored provinces because it was easy and peaceful to govern.

False

T or F? The Temple that was rebuilt by the Exiles who returned home was even more opulent than Solomon's Temple had been.

False

According to Isaiah, what unlikely place would be made glorious "in the later time?"

Galilee

The population of this district of Israel was not deported with the rest of the kingdom.

Galilee

The Samaritans had their temple to God on this mountain.

Gerizim

Why was Ezra so adamant about the people not taking pagan wives?

He believed the whole success of the restoration depended on keeping Israel free from pagan entanglements.

What did Antiochus IV do to the Jewish and Samaritan temples?

He made them temples of Olympian Zeus and Zeus-Friend-of-Strangers.

How did King Manasseh begin his reign?

He undid his father's reforms and established Pagan worship.

How did Herod establish his rule in Jerusalem?

He went to Rome and purchased/bribed his way to becoming king of the Jews.

The adoption of Greek culture and ideas.

Hellenism

This wickedly ambitious king took over the government of Palestine with the support of the Romans. He was an Edomite, but he portrayed himself as a Jew returned from Exile.

Herod the Great

The inner sanctuary of the Temple. In the Second Temple, it was empty: the Ark of the Covenant had been hidden.

Holy of Holies

This great prophet guided the reforms of Hezekiah. His prophecies often refer to the coming of the Messiah.

Isaiah

Of the Major Prophets, ____________ and __________________ both lived at the same time.

Isaiah, Jeremiah

What was the ultimate fate of the Bronze Serpent that God ordered Moses to make in Numbers 21?

It was destroyed by King Hezekiah because the people had begun to worship it as a god.

This great prophet stood up to official persecution to bring God's word to the people of Judah. He saw his people being carried off to captivity in Babylon, but he prophesied God would gather the remnant of his flock from the four corners of the world. He also foretold a time when God would make a "new covenant" with his people.

Jeremiah

A member of the tribe of Judah. From the Exile, any inhabitant of the old territory of Judah, including the remnants of the tribes of Benjamin and Levi. In a religious sense, anyone who is committed to the Temple, including those scattered throughout the world.

Jew

What position did Antiochus IV sell to the highest bidder?

Jewish high priest.

This Jewish high priest conquered almost all the territory of the ancient Davidic Kingdom and "Judaized" the whole country.

John Hyrcanus

Which high priest successfully conquered all the Kingdom of Israel's former territory?

John Hyrcanus

This reforming king returned the people of Judah to the worship of the true God. During his reign, the Book of the Law was rediscovered in the Temple and read to the people.

Josiah

Who was known as the great reformer?

Josiah who was Manasseh's grandson. (Amon was Josiah's father)

The practice of traditional Jewish religion, defined in opposition to "Hellenism."

Judaism

This Jewish general led the revolt against Antiochus IV.

Judas Maccabeus

From what tribe did the new king come?

Levites

The collective name of Judas Maccabeus and his brothers, leaders of the Jewish revolt against Antiochus IV. The name of the two books of the Bible that recount their actions.

Maccabees

The King of Judah destroyed all of his father Hezekiah's reforms and persecuted the worshipers of the true God. After many disasters, he repented and turned back to God.

Manasseh

This priest touched off the Jewish revolt against Antiochus IV. The father of Judas Maccabeus.

Mattathias

Hebrew for "anointed one." The ideal future king of Israel promised by God through the prophets.

Messiah

The population of this northern tribe in Galilee was not deported with the rest of Israel.

Naphtali

King _____________________ was the king of Babylon at the time of the Exile.

Nebuchadnezzar

This King of Babylon conquered Judah and carried the best families off to exile in Babylon.

Nebuchadnezzar

This wealthy Jew persuaded the Persian king to make him governor of the province that included Jerusalem. He rebuilt the city's defenses.

Nehemiah

How much did Nehemiah take for his salary as governor?

Nothing.

According to 1 Maccabees, who deserves the name of "Israel"?

Only the faithful.

This Jewish sect believed Jews should keep separate from Gentiles. They followed the Law of Moses strictly, adding many traditional interpretations and regulations of their own.

Pharisees

A state of final purification after death before entrance into Heaven for those who have died in God's friendship but are only imperfectly purified.

Purgatory

According to the Prophet Isaiah, the small number out of all God's people who would return to Jerusalem after the Exile.

Remnant

The time when the faithful people who have died will come back to eternal life.

Resurrection

What did God desire from the Israelites at the time of Zechariah?

Righteousness.

Cooperating with the Gentiles, and not believing in an afterlife, or angels, or spirits were beliefs that identified the...

Sadducees

This Jewish sect believed in accommodating Judaism to the political situation. They held most of the positions of power in the priesthood. They did not believe in the resurrection and denied the existence of angels.

Sadducees

This mixed race of people inhabited the old territory of Israel during the Babylonian Exile. They were hostile to returning exiles.

Samaritans

Why is it good and wise to pray for the dead?

So that thus purified they may come to see the Beatific Vision of God.

What did the Sadducees believe?

That only the books of Moses were considered canonical Scripture. They also believed in accommodating Judaism to modern life and held the most powerful positions in the priesthood.

What surprising title is given to Cyrus in the book of Isaiah?

The Lord's Anointed

What was the main theme of Isaiah's prophecy?

The idea of repentance and the judgement that will come unless Judah repents.

What is apostacy?

The sin of turning away from the worship of the True God.

What was the prophet Ezra's dream?

To restore a purified Israel in the Promised Land.

T or F? After the Maccabean Revolt, Israel was once again independent.

True

T or F? Jerusalem and Alexandria, Egypt, were primary centers of Jewish populations during the time of Jesus.

True

T or F? The prophets Haggai and Zechariah succeeded in getting work started on the Temple again after it had been stalled for some years.

True

T or F? When Cyrus issued his edict allowing the Jews to return home, very few Jews returned; most stayed in Babylon.

True

When would the Ark of the Covenant be found?

When all the people of Israel were brought back together.

The Samaritans that the Jews encountered when they came back from Exile...

had intermarried with Gentiles.

What were three of the benefits that the world enjoyed under the Pax Romana?

one legal system, one currency, ease of travel

The division of Herod the Great's kingdom among his four sons.

tetrarchy

The Major Prophets are so named because...

their prophecies are the longest in the Old Testament.

The Jews began to call their religion "Judaism" because...

they came from the region of Judah.