Renal disorders

Which statement accurately describes the etiology of stress incontinence? a. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure that results in involuntary urination b. The decrease in smooth muscle of the bladder causing increased urination c. The involuntary release of urine related to a strong sense of urgency d. Overactivity of the voiding reflexes related to the nervous system damage

a. An increase in intra-abdominal pressure that results in involuntary urination

A client has just been admitted to the emergency department after sustaining severe injuries and massive blood loss following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse predicts that the client's glomerular filtration rate will: a. Decrease b. Increase c. Remain unchanged d. Stop filtering

a. Decrease

An adult client has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which statement by the client demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis? a. "I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure." b. "I've always been prone to getting urinary tract infections, and now I know why." c. "I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this." d. "I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and now I know the damage they can do."

c. "I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this."

A child is recovering from a bout with group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. The child returns to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed: a. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) b. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease c. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis d. Acute nephritic syndrome

c. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

The nurse is presenting an educational program about renal carcinoma. The nurse determines that the participants understand early signs of the disease when they identify which as an early sign or symptom? a. Hematuria b. Flank pain c. Palpable flank mass d. None of the above

d. None of the above

A client experienced asymptomatic UTIs while pregnant. The client asks the nurse if this places her at any risk for complications. Which would be the best response by the nurse? a. "You are at risk for developing acute pyelonephritis." b. "You are at risk for having a baby weighing over 10 pounds at birth. " c. "You are at risk for delivering your baby beyond your due date." d. "You are at risk for a prolonged labor experience."

a. "You are at risk for developing acute pyelonephritis."

The nurse is educating a client about renal disease. Which percentage of cardiac output perfuses the kidneys? a. 22% to 25% b. 15% to 20% c. 10% to 15% d. 27% to 30%

a. 22% to 25%

Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone? a. Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen b. Elevation in systemic blood pressure and frequent urination c. A visible abdominal mass and abdominal pain in bilateral lower quadrants d. Increased thirst and urinary output with warm, dry skin

a. Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

The nurse is caring for a client with suspected dehydration. Which results does the nurse recognize will help confirm this diagnosis? a. Elevated urine specific gravity b. Casts in the urine c. Blood in the urine d. White blood cells in the urine

a. Elevated urine specific gravity

A nurse is teaching a client about the functions of the kidney. Which would be the most appropriate information for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply. a. Eliminates metabolic wastes b. Regulates calcium and phosphorus conservation and elimination c. Regulates blood pressure through the renin-aldosterone mechanism d. Regulates pH of body fluids through reabsorption and conservation e. Maintains homeostasis of red blood cells by production of estrogen f. Regulates osmolality of intracellular fluid through action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

a. Eliminates metabolic wastes b. Regulates calcium and phosphorus conservation and elimination c. Regulates blood pressure through the renin-aldosterone mechanism d. Regulates pH of body fluids through reabsorption and conservation

When assessing a client with acute pyelonephritis, the nurse would expect the client to exhibit which clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. a. High fever b. Flank tenderness c. Nausea and vomiting d. Chills

a. High fever b. Flank tenderness c. Nausea and vomiting d. Chills

A nurse is caring for a client who has a recent history of passing calcium urinary stones. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration for this client? a. Hydration b. Bed rest c. Bowel elimination d. Skin care

a. Hydration

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the physiologic consequences of hypotension and reduced perfusion to the kidney. Which compensatory mechanism occurs immediately after renin release from the kidney? a. Production of angiotensin I b. Production of angiotensin II c. Secretion of aldosterone d. Extracellular volume expansion

a. Production of angiotensin I

The nurse reviews the lab results for a client who has advanced autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The client 's hemoglobin is 8.8 g/dL (88 g/L). The nurse suspects this lab value is related to which cause? a. Reduced production of erythropoietin b. Poor dietary intake of iron c. Low calcium levels d. Hemorrhage

a. Reduced production of erythropoietin

A nurse is teaching parents of a child who is being discharged after treatment for a streptococcal infection. For what symptoms should the nurse teach the parents to observe, because they are related to the risk for poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Select all that apply. a. Pale, dilute urine b. Edema c. Decreased urine output d. Pain in the flank area e. Increased thirst

b. Edema c. Decreased urine output

An older male comes to the clinic with the chief report of having difficulty voiding. The physician diagnoses him with a lower urinary tract obstruction and stasis. What should the nurse suspect to be the most frequent cause of this client's problem? a. Kidney infection b. Enlargement of prostate gland c. Bladder tumor d. Gonorrhea

b. Enlargement of prostate gland

Most common uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by ____ that enter through the urethra. a. Pseudomonas b. Escherichia coli c. Staphylococcus aureus d. Group B Streptococcus

b. Escherichia coli

A nurse advises a client with recurring UTIs to drink large amounts of water. What normal protective action is the nurse telling the client to utilize? a. Decrease acidity of urine b. Increase washout of urine c. Thin mucus to prevent bacterial adherence d. Increase immune availability

b. Increase washout of urine

The nurse is analyzing the results of a client's urinalysis. Which finding requires the need for follow-up by the nurse because it is an abnormal result? a. Urine color amber b. Specific gravity 1.034 c. Bilirubin negative d. Occasional hyaline casts e. Negative nitrate bacteria

b. Specific gravity 1.034

A client newly diagnosed with glomerulonephritis asks the nurse, "What caused me to get this disease?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate? a. Vesicoureteral reflux b. Catheter-induced infection c. Antigen-antibody complexes d. Glomerular membrane viruses

c. Antigen-antibody complexes

The nursing instructor informs the students that which anatomical structure controls the elimination of urine from the body? a. Kidneys b. Ureter c. Bladder d. Urethra

c. Bladder

Disruption of which muscle's contraction can lead to the inability to expel urine from the bladder? a. Trigone b. Sphincter c. Detrusor d. Trabeculae

c. Detrusor

An older adult client has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which characteristic of the client is most likely implicated in the etiology of this current health problem? a. Was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years earlier b. Takes a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor each day for the treatment of hypertension c. Recently had a urinary tract infection d. Has peripheral vascular disease

c. Recently had a urinary tract infection