Reproduction System

All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the

epididymis

During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an

erection

Which contraceptive method prevents pregnancy by interfering with ovulation?

morning-after-pill

At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles

primary

Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into

primary follicles

Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs

primary; accessory

Which of the following is not a function of the female reproductive system?

produce FSH and LH

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the

scrotum

The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the

scrotum and penis

Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?

secondary oocyte first polar body

Indicate two roles of the male reproductive system.

secrete hormones vital to maintaining secondary sex characteristics spermatogenesis

Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease?

Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

What are spermatogonia?

Diploid cells that will become sperm cells.

Name the hormone that stimulates maturation of follicles within the ovaries

FSH

The hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles is

FSH

The pathway through which the secondary oocyte to travels from the ovary to the uterus is called the tube.

Fallopian

How does an intrauterine device (IUD) prevent pregnancy?

It inhibits endometrial growth so implantation does not occur

Indicate the four statements that describe a vasectomy.

It is one of the most reliable forms of contraception. It is an operation that produces few side effects. It involves removing a section of the vas deferens and tying the cut ends. After a vasectomy, sperm cells are excluded from the semen.

Indicate which of the following statements are true about the injectable contraception method medroxyprogesterone acetate.

It prevents maturation and release of a secondary oocyte (ovulation). It may take 10-18 months after the last injection for the effects to wear off. It makes the uterine lining less hospitable for a developing embryo.

Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why?

Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females.

This is a picture of an intrauterine device (IUD). Which of the following statements are true about this device?

Some IUDs create a hostile environment for sperm and inhibit endometrial growth to prevent implantation.

Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called

Spermatogonia

Which three statements are true about erection of the penis?

The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins. Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue. The penis swells and elongates.

Which two statements describe chemical barrier contraceptives?

They create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for sperm cells. They include creams, foams, and jellies.

If used correctly, combined hormone contraceptives prevent pregnancy nearly 100% of the time. How do they work?

They deliver estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy.

The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs.

accessory

Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted

alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple

The gonadotropins FSH and LH are released under the influence of GnRH. FSH and LH are released from the

anterior pituitary gland

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the endometrium that usually begin ______ and continue until ______

around age thirteen; around the early fifties

List three components of the vulva.

clitoris, labia majora, labia minora

Indicate two names used to describe the birth control method that consists of the removal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation

coitus interruptus withdrawal method

An example of a mechanical barrier contraceptive is a sheath called a(n) that prevents sperm from entering the vagina and/or reaching the cervix

condom

A method designed to avoid fertilization of an oocyte or to prevent implantation of a blastocyst containing the embryo is called

contraception

Successful birth control, or , requires a method such as barriers or hormone supplements, designed to avoid fertilization or implantation after sexual intercourse

contraception

What is an example of a chemical barrier contraceptive?

cream, foam, or jelly

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called

eggs

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the ______, which culminate in menstrual bleeding (menses).

endometrium

True or false: During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

false

Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?

first polar body secondary oocyte

The products of the process of meiosis are

four genetically unique daughter cells

The nipple is located near the tip of each breast at about the level of the ______ and it is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called ______

fourth intercostal space; areola

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?

genetically unique (different) sister chromatids

At puberty, the ______ begins secreting increasing amounts of GnRH, which stimulate the ______ to release FSH and LH, which act on the ______ to promote female sex cell maturation and sex hormone release.

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

What is the term for the cessation of menstruation that occurs at midlife?

menopause

What type of contraceptive is medroxyprogesterone acetate?

injectable contraceptive

he mammary glands are composed of 15-20 ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple

lobes; lactiferous ducts

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?

luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Organs of the female reproductive system that secrete milk following pregnancy are called glands

mammary

The structures within the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are the ______ glands

mammary

Male and female condoms are types of ______ contraception

mechanical barrier

The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.

meiosis; mitosis

The process of the maturation of an oocyte is called

oogenesis

What does the root word -genesis mean?

origin

The solid, ovoid organs of the female reproductive system, located in shallow depressions in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity, are called the

ovaries

Which paired oval-shaped female reproductive organs lie in shallow depressions in the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

ovaries

A morning-after-pill prevents pregnancy by interfering with

ovulation

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process o

ovulation

Which event occurs on about day 14 of the ovarian cycle?

ovulation

Identify three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system.

produce female sex hormones facilitate the development of the offspring produce and maintain female sex cells

As a method of birth control, what is involved with coitus interruptus?

removing the penis before ejactulation

A couple abstains from intercourse for several days a month, around the time of ovulation. What is the name of the contraception method

rhythm method

Which birth control method requires abstinence from sexual intercourse two days before and one day after ovulation?

rhythm method

Indicate the three male accessory glands.

seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland prostate

Male sex cells are called

sperm

The male reproductive structures function to produce cells and introduce them into the vagina.

sperm

Where are androgens produced?

testes adrenal cortex

Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following?

testes anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus

Which two endocrine organs produce androgens?

testes and adrenal cortex

In the female, the internal accessory reproductive organs are a pair of uterine tubes, a(n) , and a(n) .

the uterus -the vagina

All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the

the vagina the uterus the uterine tubes

Name the ducts that extend from the ovaries to the uterus, conveying a fertilized ovum to the uterus

uterine tubes